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Clever words borrowed from other languages ​​are designed to amaze others with the intelligence of the speaker or writer. And many people want to know abstruse words for communication and their meaning, but are too lazy to simply look for them on the Internet and use them in simple speech. It's time to finally compile a dictionary of the most incomprehensible words in the Russian language and their meanings and memorize them! Where and how will this help you? For example, in reviews of new films, plays and books, in conversations with colleagues, in talk shows on TV and the blogosphere, they flash here and there with important look“insight”, “excess”, “existential” and, of course, the trendy “cognitive dissonance”. But you don’t understand a word, and no one wants to feel “close-minded” and ignorant.

Remember the proverb “The word is not a sparrow; if it flies out, you won’t catch it”? Full list We, of course, cannot give you the smartest words in the world that can be used for conversation, and their meaning, but we bring to your attention a list of literate smart words for communicating with people (and their meaning) - a kind of mini-dictionary of popular smart expressions.

Smart nouns

The most useful complicated words with meanings that everyone should know are nouns, because they are the basis of our speech. All these buzzwords, like “insight”, “collaboration”, “frustration”... So, let’s replenish lexicon long, clever words that you need to know by heart.

ADDICTION

The English word addiction characterizes dependence, addiction, a way of escaping reality. Addictions are not only alcoholism, gambling, drug addiction, and smoking. Psychologists assure: a similar mechanism of addiction is found in those who overeat, live and burn at work, love extreme sports, hang out on the Internet for days, love creativity and... fall in love. Another thing is that forms of addiction are divided into those acceptable by society, such as workaholism or falling in love, and unacceptable, such as excessive craving for alcohol.

AMPHIBOLICITY

Amphibolicity is the ambiguity of a concept, its contradictory interpretation. As a rule, this word is used rarely - in dissertations, in court hearings or in biochemical work. But it’s not bad to understand if someone says “this is amphibolic” or “the amphibolic nature of this concept baffles me, because I adhered strictly to one line,” but you understand that it’s all about the ambiguity of the concept you are discussing.

VIS.

“French” vis-a-vis in Russian can be both an adverb (“sit vis-a-vis”, that is, opposite each other), and a noun, both masculine and female(“my smart counterpart”, “your beautiful counterpart”). You have every right to call your counterpart the one who is opposite you, with whom you are sitting face to face.

IDIOSYNCRASY

What did Stirlitz mean when he said: “I have an idiosyncrasy for rhyme”? The fact that he is completely devoid of poetic gift. He was modest, of course... The word with ancient Greek roots (idos - “separate, special”; synkrasis - “mixing”) was familiar only to doctors for a long time, but came into wide use as a synonym for the words “allergy”, “rejection”: “Yes, he has idiosyncrasy for everything new!”, “I have idiosyncrasy for empty talk.”

INSIGHT

Translated from English, “insight” literally means insight, insight. This concept is used in philosophy and psychology to convey insight, a sudden understanding of something that is not inferred from past experience. So someone will say: “And then it dawned on me!” - and someone will proudly declare: “I had an insight!”

COLLABORATION

Association of several equal, independent participants for the sake of achieving common goals in fashion, art, business, science and education is called (from the English collaboration - cooperation). For example, at the end of March, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the science fiction franchise “Star Trek,” the cosmetics company MAC announced the release of a Star Trek beauty collection. Makeup options will be borrowed from the movie heroines of the franchise and implemented using 25 limited-edition products for lips, eyes and face. Sales start in August 2016.

CARRILLISM

A phenomenon in which the interlocutor asks you a question again, although he heard it perfectly well. Why is he doing this? Scientists say that a person does this consciously or subconsciously in order to have more time to formulate an answer. They (or their colleagues) are still arguing about the origin of the word. Many associate him with American politician John Kerry, who at the end of 2015 could not immediately answer a question from a Russian schoolboy and asked him again several times. If anyone wants to accuse you of being slow to respond, tell them that this is nothing more than Carrilism, and you need a couple of seconds to formulate an answer.

LIPOPHRENIC

Remember this: “Don’t touch me, old woman, I’m sad.” It was not Ivan the Terrible who said this, but a lipophrenic. In more detail, a lipophrenic is a person who feels irresistible sadness, melancholy and does not know the reasons for the appearance of this condition. Lipophrenia, which is also called apathy, depression, melancholy, usually appears from being alone for a long time, from routine activities or insufficient activity (which is important for modern youth), as well as from a lack of positive emotions. If you don’t want to bear the not-so-proud name “lipophrenic,” do your favorite things more often, virtual communication prefer living things, walk more in the fresh air.

NATIFORMA

Have you ever seen heart-shaped stones or a tomato with a nose? If yes, then you are halfway to understanding the word “natiform”. But here there is more special case, because natiform is a natural formation that resembles the outlines of a female body or part of it. It could be a tree that you looked at from a certain angle and saw shoulders, chest, waist, hips... Or stones in a rock that look so bizarre that they reminded you of your ex. These are all natiforms.

PALINFRASIA

Have you noticed that some people repeat one word or phrase in almost every sentence? If not, you are lucky, and if you have encountered this, congratulate your friend: he has palinphrasia. It’s not contagious, but it’s absolutely unpleasant when in every sentence they say “sir” or “I told you that...”. And so on in a circle. As a result, you will not hear other words, you will lose the essence of the story and generally lose all interest in the conversation.

SYNERGY

When this word is mentioned, one usually remembers its arithmetic “formula”: 1 + 1 = 3. The ancient Greek synergeia is translated as “cooperation, commonwealth.” It means amazing effect, which arises during the interaction of several subjects or objects. This cumulative effect exceeds the return from the actions of each participant in the process individually. An example of synergy: you've mastered a few secrets of applying concealer, and your friend knows the ins and outs of mascara. By sharing life hacks, both of you, without losing your previous experience, will gain new ones, that is, you will grow in the art of makeup.

SOPHISTRY

Philosophical movement in Ancient Greece, whose followers were famous for their ability to cunningly conduct scientific disputes, gave the name to verbal statements based on juggling facts, simplifications, and violations of logic. Another sophist (from the ancient Greek sophia - “skill, skill, cunning invention, trick, wisdom, knowledge”) is brilliantly able to prove obvious absurdity: “Half-empty is the same as half-full. If the halves are equal, then the wholes are equal. Therefore, the empty is the same as the full.” Therefore, sophistry in a figurative sense refers to any speech that is built on false conclusions, but disguises itself as correct, logical.

TOUCHET

The word "touché" (touchér in French - touch), borrowed from the sports sphere, brings an end to a certain dispute when one of the interlocutors admits the rightness, the superiority of the other after a decisive argument or a verbal jab - what if you competed not in knowledge of the topic, but in wit? Touché, the argument is valid, just as fencing touches or throws on the back of wrestlers, performed according to all the rules, are counted.

FRUSTRATION

To fall into a state of frustration (Latin frustratio - deception, failure, futile expectation) means to experience a whole range of negative feelings due to the inability to achieve what you want. For example, you were planning a vacation at the seaside, had already packed your suitcase, and suddenly your bosses, using carrots and sticks, postpone your vacation a month later because of an important project that cannot be done without you. Naturally, you feel anger, despair, anxiety, irritation, disappointment and hopelessness... Frequent experiences of such states, psychologists note, spoil your character and damage your self-esteem.

EGOCENTRIC

The egoist's namesake, egocentric (from the Latin words ego - “I” - and centrum - “center”) is still not similar to him. Egocentric is self-centered inner world, point of view, his own interests, needs and does not notice those of others, but is able to “move”, help others, hear them if asked for support. Egocentrism is inherent in everyone to one degree or another. An egoist sees other people's interests, but deliberately ignores them, opposes himself to others, always putting his own person first.

EXCESS

The Latin excessus means “exit, evasion.” In Russian, the word consonant with “process” has two meanings. The first is an extreme manifestation of something: “This is not literature, but a graphomaniac excess!” The second is an emergency, a disruption to the normal course of events: “Her gossip caused a real excess in the team.”

ESCAPADE

A daring, shocking, provocative, willful trick in the style of Salvador Dali, Lady Gaga or Miley Cyrus, for example, a rotten herring on a hat or a dress made of raw meat, - this is an escapade. The French word escapade also has a second meaning - an adventure trip - which is not in demand in our language.

Smart adjectives

After nouns, it’s time to see a dictionary of smart adjectives for every day and their meanings, because it is the presence of adjectives in your speech that will distinguish you favorably from other interlocutors. Decorate your speech with little-known smart words, believe me: it will help you in all areas of life. These unfamiliar intelligent words (and their meanings) will help increase your status among both friends and colleagues.

UPSCALE

Derived from English adjective upscale – “high quality, first class, exclusive.” Characterizes the absolute embodiment of the desired properties in any subject or object: upscale interior design, upscale sound, upscale image.

VERBAL

This adjective has nothing to do with a tree with fluffy buds, but it has very much to do with our speech. The Latin verbum is translated as “word,” so “verbal” is verbal, oral. For example, verbal thinking verbal intelligence, verbal method. There is also an adjective “non-verbal” - without verbal expression: non-verbal communication, nonverbal signals.

DEVIANT

What do they mean when they talk about deviant behavior? French word Deviation characterizes a deviation from the norm, be it the position of the compass needle, the heading of an airplane or a sea vessel, as well as a feature of the human psyche. In other words, deviant behavior destroys the personality and health of someone who prefers an asocial lifestyle, and also causes moral and material harm to others.

COGNITIVE

Translated from Latin, cognitio is knowledge, cognition. The adjective “cognitive” describes a person’s ability to acquire knowledge, to cognize the world and himself. This psychological term would not be so popular without its “French” companion: dissonance means “discord, disharmony, inconsistency.”

It turns out to be a kind of “mine is yours, don’t understand” situation, when previous experience, already accumulated knowledge, conflicts with new information, new circumstances. There are two opposing ideas about the same thing in your head at once. Let’s say your friend emphasizes that he values ​​punctuality very much, you like it, and at the same time you don’t remember a single meeting when he was not late. So should we consider him punctual, organized, true to his word and justify his behavior as accidents or not? The need to choose one thing, evaluate and interpret the newly received picture becomes a cause of mental discomfort.

Another stable phrase, the meaning of which not everyone knows, can be called a synonym for “cognitive dissonance”. This is a “break of the pattern.” This is a broader concept, but the essence is the same: you had some kind of scheme in your head regarding a person, concept, phenomenon, and overnight this scheme collapses due to new knowledge. It turns out that two and two are not always four. Like this?..

SMART

WITH English word“smart” is translated as “intelligent”, “savvy”. This is precisely the meaning of the word “smart” that is now used in Russia. It cannot be said that it is firmly entrenched in the minds of Russians, but if you do not know what a “smart watch” or “smart television” is, and even more so a “smartphone”, shame on you. To put it simply, the prefix (or part in the word) “smart” means “smart”: smartphone = smart phone, smart watch = smart watch, etc. As you probably noticed, the word “smart” is used specifically with high-tech items, so when using it, pay attention to the context.

TRANSPARENT

An adjective with English roots (transparent) is held in high regard by politicians, bloggers and even cosmetologists. The former enter into transparent agreements and voice transparent positions without secrets or omissions, while the latter vow to be as open and sincere as possible with the audience. And transparent, that is, transparent powder does not look like a mask on the face and at the same time mattifies it perfectly. Yes, she is unable to hide skin imperfections, but that’s another topic for discussion.

TRANSCENDENTAL

There is a good understandable word “incomprehensible”. And when, outside of a philosophical debate, one wants to add intellectual depth to speeches, some flaunt the Latin “transcendent” (transcendentis) with the same meaning. And now the speaker or writer and his audience begin to look for and discuss transcendental meanings, connections, feelings...

TRIVIAL

Banal, boring, ordinary, primitive, ordinary - that’s how many synonyms the adjective “trivial” has. It has French origins, and in the native language trivial means the same thing - something ordinary. Fewer interlocutors with trivial thoughts and anecdotes, theater productions and film premieres with a trivial plot!

EXISTENTIAL

Another philosophical concept associated with being, human life. The Latin word existentia is translated as “existence”. There are many things that influence our days, but the use of the epithet “existential” adds a universal dimension to these “agents of influence.” Existential problems, crises, experiences are phenomena that exist at the core of the world, manifest themselves in reality and are often beyond the control of human will.

Conclusion

In general, if not all the new words were able to immediately fit into your head, we advise you to compile a dictionary of complex intellectual words for conversation, which few people know, with their meaning, of course, and use them as often as possible - in correspondence, when writing in a diary, in conversation . This is the only way it won’t become empty information that you will forget about when you close this page. And by the way: don’t think that this is shameful or feigned. There is no shame in looking for and memorizing tricky words with definitions in order to appear smart. After all, the request “complex words with explanations for smart people» is found very often in RuNet. Note that for already “smart people”, stupid people won’t even look for this.

Were there Russians? What was the cutter used for? Who is Herzumsrolik? These and other words are on the list of the most interesting hapaxes - words used only once in history

Gapaxes(in Greek - ἅπαξ λεγόμενον, hapax legomenon, “named once”) are words that appear only once in the entire body of texts in a given language. There should be many such words in every language: according to Zipf’s statistical law, the frequency dictionary of any text and any collection of them contains a long tail of “ones”. Most of these hapaxes consist of well-known roots and suffixes and are understandable even to those who have not heard them before. However, some of these words are particularly interesting, especially when we are talking about dead languages ​​or literary classics: their meaning is often mysterious, their origin is unclear, and in some cases they are complete ghost words, resulting from an erroneous interpretation of the text.

Rusichi

Old Russian language

The most famous ancient Russian hapax is the word Russians. True, it appears not once, but four times, but only in one short text - “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” But few of our contemporaries are unfamiliar with this word: in dozens of popular books and films, residents Ancient Rus' that’s the only way they are called, so now the word “Rusich” has become a popular patriotic name for anything: from a subway car to a cinema. And yet ourselves East Slavs usually called themselves simply collectively - Rus. Not a single ancient monument from Russians It was not possible to find more, except for obvious crude fakes like the “Veles Book”. Even in the medieval imitation of the “Word” - “Zadonshchina” - the words Russians not on any of the lists, but there is Russian sons.

For a long time, a minority of scientists defended the point of view according to which the Lay, the only manuscript of which burned in 1812, was fake. Of course, the name of the inhabitants of Rus', which does not exist anywhere else, served these authors as one of the arguments in favor of the forgery of the monument. Now it is shown that this word does not actually contradict ancient Russian norms; rare options for -ichi were in most names of peoples and denoted “children of a common ancestor.” In addition, in Ukrainian folklore there was similar word Rusovichi. “The Word” is a poetic text, so the unusual name could well have been used in it.

Fornicator

Old Russian language

In one ancient Russian text, the list of property mentions forged cutter. The “Dictionary of the Russian Language of the XI-XVII centuries” includes the word “fornicator” with the indication “the meaning is unclear.” The imagination pictures some kind of forged metal tool, the purpose of which is better not to think about.

Linguist Vadim Krysko solved the riddle of the “fornicator.” This word simply does not exist: the letter “yus” (ѫ) is read not as most often - “u”, but as “yu”, and before us is simply “forged cut dish”, that is, a dish with forged carved pattern. The nominative case in such cases occurs in modern language: for example, in the inscription on the price tag “leather gloves”.

Dzheregel

Ukrainian language

The father of Ukrainian literature, Ivan Kotlyarevsky, wrote in his poem “The Aeneid”:

Dzheregels were woven here,
Chunks on the heads.

In the Ukrainian-Russian glossary appended to the Aeneid, he explained that these are “braids, finely braided and arranged like a wreath on the head.” Since then, this word has been included in various dictionaries. Ukrainian language, including a small dictionary compiled by the young N.V. Gogol; but all its uses ultimately go back to Kotlyarevsky. Where he got the word from and whether it exactly means what it says in the glossary is unclear. IN " Etymological dictionary» 1985 he is associated with the Polish ceregiela(“ceremony”), but the meaning Polish word completely different. For some time in the Russian Wikipedia there was an article “Dzheregeli”, illustrated with a photograph of Yulia Tymoshenko, but then it (the article) was deleted.

Gertsum-srolik

Belarusian language

In Yanka Kupala's classic play "Tuteishyya" ("Local" or "Natives"), one character meets another carrying a cart with all sorts of junk, and says to him:

“What’s wrong with you? Didn't you leave the men's free Hertzum-roles? “like a wheelbarrow, you ram this buck with yourself.”

More Belarusian texts with the word hertsum-srolik No. But it was found in the essays in Russian “Travel through Polesie and the Belarusian Territory” by Pavel Shpilevsky, where, when describing the Nemiga spills, it is said:

“Since this channel is sometimes quite large, bridges are built to cross it: however, fast water demolishes the bridges on the same day as they are built, and then you have to cross in hired cab carts (like the Viennese Zeiselwagen) of the so-called Hertzum roller Jews, who fly to the shores of Novaya Nemiga in countless numbers and collect pennies from the riders for transportation.”

As one can conclude, this word means a Minsk Jew who earns money as a cab driver, a kind of “bombilo”, a “free” non-professional. It is logical to look for its etymology in the Yiddish language. Linguist Alexandra Polyan suggested that it consists of her cu- “hey, you” and “Srolik” (in Ukrainian Yiddish Srul) is a common Jewish name, a diminutive of Israel.

ΣAΣTNR

Ancient Greek language

“The Oath of Chersonesus” is a monument from the territory of Crimea (near present-day Sevastopol), found in the central square of the ancient city of Tauride Chersonese in the 1890s. Dated to the beginning of the 3rd century BC. e. This is a marble slab with a long text of the oath of a Chersonese citizen. Among the understandable oaths (“I will not betray anything to anyone, neither Greek nor barbarian”, “I will not violate democracy”, “I will not plot a conspiracy”, “I will be an enemy to attackers”) there is also this: “I will protect the saster (ΣAΣTNR) for the people.”

This word is not found in any other Greek text of Old or Modern times. The literature on Saster is enormous. There are many hypotheses, including some very eccentric ones. Max Vasmer and Lev Elnitsky, for example, believed that saster was the Scythian governor of Chersonesos, S. A. Zhebelev - that this was some kind of sacred object, for example an idol; V.V. Latyshev (the first publisher of the inscription) - that this is some kind of legal concept, for example, a civil oath. Parallels were sought for this word in Iranian and other languages. Appeared historical novels, where the sacred saster towering over the Chersonesos shore appears; A festival called “Saster of Chersonesos” was held in Sevastopol. On the Internet you can listen to a song with the words “And I will find the magic saster” (with the emphasis on “a”) and read poetry with the line “The unknown saster that melts away from us” (with the emphasis on “e”).

But no one knows for certain what or who the “saster” is, which (which) the Chersonesos were supposed to protect for the people. This problem can be solved only if one day another inscription with this word is found in the Black Sea region.

Celtis

Latin language

The Vulgate (the Latin translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome) in most editions contains the following edition of verses 23-24 of chapter 19 of the Book of Job:

Quis mihi tribuat ut scribantur sermones mei? Quis mihi det ut exarentur in libro stylo ferreo et plumbi lamina, vel celte sculpantur in silice?

(“Oh, if only my words were written down! If only they were inscribed in a book with an iron and tin chisel, carved on stone for eternity!”)

Where in the Russian translation the words “for eternal time” (they are in both the Greek and Hebrew texts of the Bible; Jerome for some reason missed them), it stands Latin word celte- this can only be an ablative (in this case, an analogue of the Russian instrumental case) from the word celtis, meaning, judging by the context, some kind of tool for carving stone, for example “cutter” or “chisel”. Word celtis not found, except for the translation of the Bible, in any ancient text; all of his medieval examples depend on the Vulgate. The word found its way into many Latin dictionaries, and during the Renaissance it was taken as a name by the humanist Conrad Celtis, whose real name Bickel means “pick, pick, ice ax” in German.

In many of the oldest Vulgate copies the words celte is well known certe- “exactly” ( vel certificate Jerome means something like “or else”). A number of researchers believed that celte- a complete phantom, the result of a typo instead certe. Philologist Max Niederman rehabilitated this word, showed that there is no reason to consider it a secondary reading, and brought to it a number of interesting Indo-European parallels. That the word meaning instrument was not included in the bulk of Latin texts, only a small part of which was devoted to technical topics, is not surprising. 

More than 6,000 languages ​​are spoken on Earth, all of which describe the diversity and diversity of human life.

But because all these languages ​​convey slightly different worldviews, no one language can fully contain the experience of humanity. On the contrary, every language on Earth contains words that do not exist in any other language. These treasures of linguistics are easy to define, but cannot be translated into one word. Can you, for example, remember at least one word that denotes the essence of you that you put into your work? You could say that you put your “whole soul” into it, but the Greeks simply call this kind of passion for work μεράκι (meraki).

Geography, climate, cuisine, religion and humor are just a few of the factors that lead to the emergence of such unique and unusual words in a language - a distinct part of the human experience.

Here are some examples of the most rare words, which have no analogues in other languages ​​of the world:

abbiocco (Italian)

Noun: that feeling of sleepiness that occurs after a hearty lunch or dinner.

We've all at one time or another succumbed to a light nap after eating, but only the Italians carefully encapsulated this phenomenon in one word. Therefore, when you really want to take a nap after lunch, know that you have abbiocco.

desenrascanço (Portuguese)

Noun: the ability to quickly find an improvised solution.

Desenrascanço- this is the working style of any successful red tape worker. This means not only solving problems and completing tasks, but also a completely improvised approach. Secret agent MacGyver from the television series of the same name used this skill, each time preventing disaster with the help of a bent paper clip and a gum wrapper.

hyggelig (Danish)

Adjective: comfortable, cozy.

Have you ever needed a word that combines everything cozy, safe, friendly and caring? The Danes covered all these meanings with the word hyggelig. It is so often used in Everyday life, which many Danes consider it a national character trait.

sobremesa (Spanish)

Noun: afternoon conversation at the table.

The Spaniards are known for their love of long breakfasts, lunches and dinners together, but it's not just about the food. If after dinner you stay at the table to savor the last “dish” - a pleasant conversation, then you are pampering yourself sobremes.

utepils (Norwegian)

Noun: beer that is drunk on the street.

Norwegians have to wait through a long, dark winter to enjoy a beautiful but short summer. Therefore, the beer that is drunk under open air, absorbing the bright rays of the sun, this is not just “beer” for you, but utepils.

verschlimmbessern (German)

Verb: to make a situation worse in an attempt to make it better.

We've all experienced this before: trying to solve a small problem, we create an even bigger one. Maybe you tried to inflate a flat tire on your bicycle, but now the wheel won't spin? Or after reinstalling Windows, your laptop freezes every time you turn it on? Oh no! Just don’t say that you yourself tried to fix a haircut you didn’t like! In general, a German would call any of these actions verschlimmbessern.

yakamoz (Turkish) and mångata (Swedish)

Noun: reflection of moonlight on water.

It doesn't matter what language you speak. From time to time you probably admire the reflection of the moon on the surface of the water. But if you are not a Turk or a Swede, then it is impossible to describe this beauty in one word. Swedish mångata literally translates to "moon road", a most apt poetic description.

Turkish also has a special word - gümüşservi, but it is not used in everyday speech. It is much easier to call the lunar reflection on the water yakamoz. This word can describe any light reflecting off the water, or even sparkling fish.

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Suddenly: words bull And bee- single-rooted. Words starting with letter Y, in our language there are as many as 74. And the Guinness Book of Records records a word 35 letters long.

website never ceases to be amazed by the complexity and richness of the Russian language and presents 20 entertaining and unexpected facts that you probably didn’t know:

• Most words with a letter F in Russian - borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with this letter - fleet.

• There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter Y. But most of us only remember iodine, yoga And Yoshkar-Olu.

• In Russian there are words in Y. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.

• The only words in Russian with three letters E in a row - this is long-necked(and others on - neck: For example, crooked-, short-).

• There is a word in the Russian language with a prefix unique to the language co- - nook.

• The only word in the Russian language that has no root is take out. It is believed that in this word there is a so-called zero root, alternating with the root - them- (take it out). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, hug, understand(cf. remove, hug, understand), however subsequently the root - nya- was reinterpreted as a suffix - Well- (how in stick, blow).

• The only one-syllable adjective in Russian is wicked.

• The Russian language has words with prefixes unique to the language. And- (total, total) And A- (maybe; outdated "I'll be unlucky"), formed from unions And And A.

• Words bull And bee- single-rooted. In the works of ancient Russian literature the word bee written as bchela. Vowel alternation ъ / s explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound u. If you remember the dialect verb rumble, meaning "roar", "buzz", "buzz" and etymologically akin to words bee, bug And bull, then it becomes clear what it was like general meaning of these words.
• Dahl suggested replacing foreign word atmosphere into Russian colosemica or world face.

• Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”

• In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the most in a long word Russian language named X-ray electrocardiographic, in the 2003 edition - overly considerate.

• In the 2003 edition of the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is an adjective private enterprise. Consists of 25 letters.

• The longest verbs are re-examine, become substantialized And internationalize(all - 24 letters; word forms -worrying And -having- 25 letters each).

• Longest nouns - misanthropy And Excellency(24 letters each; word forms -ami- 26 letters each, however, misanthropy practically not used in plurals. h.).

• The longest animate nouns are - eleventh grader And clerk(21 letters each, word forms -ami- 23 letters each).

• The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is unsatisfactory(19 letters). However, we must take into account that the vast majority of qualitative adjectives th / -th adverbs are formed on -O / -e, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.

• The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is physical education - hi(15 or 14 letters depending on hyphen status).

• Word respectively is the longest preposition. It consists of 14 letters. Longest particle exclusively- a letter shorter.

• In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He will win, you will win, I will... I'll win? I'll run? I'll win? Philologists suggest using substitute constructions "I will win" or "I'll be a winner". Because the 1st person form singular missing, the verb is "insufficient".

• To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “yellow-blue bus.”

In the first grade, the average student knows about two thousand words and further learns up to ten words a day while studying at school. Thus, upon graduation, the average citizen we are considering knows tens of thousands of words. At the same time, we use an average of five thousand words, which make up our permanent vocabulary.

Importance

It is useful to know buzzwords and their meaning for conversation with other people. Rich speech helps to attract attention, interest a person, look better, clearly express thoughts, control the opinion of the interlocutor and gives many other pleasant bonuses. You can also find those who study smart words and their meaning to humiliate an opponent and gain a feeling of superiority. However, such motivation is not ideal, although a dictionary of buzzwords can indeed help you feel better and superior to those who do not know such words.

If we talk about the function that smart words have for communication in everyday life, then rich speech, knowledge of certain quantities and their meanings attract attention. The interlocutor’s brain focuses on expressions that are atypical for everyday speech. Therefore, they begin to listen to you more carefully. As a result, your words are better remembered, and you become an interesting, sharp-tongued, interlocutor with whom it is pleasant to communicate.

In addition, knowing a list of smart words is a status norm for people who communicate with intellectuals, are interested in creativity and use mental work. If you communicate in this area, you must have the appropriate skills. Among other things, it is important to learn to speak reasonedly and to the point, to add interesting accents and tones to your own speech, which the following words will help you achieve.

Examples

A priori. It does not require proof, is understandable and has been obtained experimentally.

Biennale. Originally an art exhibition, in our time this is also called simply a get-together related to art. The peculiarity is that it is held every two years.

Vesicular. Originally a medical term that refers to vesicles found in the lungs.

Gesheft. The German word originally refers to trade and profit, and is still used in similar meaning, but can also be used in another, figurative, sense.

Dissonance. Originally a musical term that indicates an inharmonious combination of sounds. Now it is used quite often, including in combination with cognitive dissonance, which everyone wants to plunge each other into. Example of use: “Your illiterate use of smart words introduces dissonance into your speech.”

Endova. Utensils for drinking and eating, but also a valley means a kind of gutter between two roof slopes. If at the roof complex structure, then where two oppositely directed slopes connect, a valley is formed. Not often used in modern speech.

Jamevu. A term close to psychiatry, the antonym of déjà vu. With jamevu, you are in familiar surroundings or circumstances that you have been in many times before, but you feel as if you are here for the first time.

It is being built. To understand, simply associate this word with the word based.

Indulgence. Previously, the Catholic Church sold documents for the atonement of sins, retail, wholesale and by weight. Such a product was called indulgence. Now used figuratively.

Incident. Originally a Latin word, relatively recently it was often used in jurisprudence. In general, it indicates a strange situation, a combination of circumstances that does not depend on the characters involved, and can have both positive and negative meanings. Not noticing and stepping into a puddle is an incident, but meeting a good friend is also an incident.

Liquidity. An economic term, but now used in everyday life. Indicates your ability to convert assets or private property into money.

Skimping. Disdainful attitude. For example: “At work, Ivan skimped on his direct responsibilities.”

Neologism. Literally translated from Latin - “new word”. It can be a new word created or a word used with a new meaning. An example from the Internet: like is a completely new neologism.

Orthodox. Greek word, antonym of heretic. In the original meaning - a person who is faithful to the teaching, who does not deviate from the original postulates. Now it can be used in other contexts.

Puritanism. A unique understanding of purity of views and behavior in society. Characteristics are moderation, conservatism of views, minimization of pleasures, claims, needs.

Radicalism. Extreme adherence to views, the use of crude methods to create change, often in social structures.

Maxim. Moral teaching or wise saying. For example, “afterwards Ivan spent the whole evening bursting out in the company of friends with deep maxims on the topic of education.”

Interpretation. A similar word is interpretation. In general, we are talking about some kind of comment, explanation, view of a certain phenomenon. For example, “his interpretation of Lars von Trier’s film differs from the generally accepted one.”

Union. A form of association or generalization. Originally a political-economic term, but it can be used in other contexts.

Frustration. The feeling when you want to get what you want, but cannot achieve the goal.

Hypocrisy. Creating a positive image of one’s own personality, a deliberately strong negative attitude towards free views, flaunted virtue, modesty (sometimes religiosity). Although in reality the hypocrite is far from the ideals declared out loud.

Time trouble. Lack of time.

Swaggering. Arrogant and dismissive attitude. For example, “The boss, although he kept his distance, was not arrogant, he could communicate normally and joke.”

Chauvinism. Initially refers to nationalism and represents its radical form. Chauvinists considered their own nation to be exceptional and the best. The term can be used in other contexts, but the meaning of the understanding of exclusivity remains.

Scrupulousness. Following to each “chip”. Behaving according to standards or treating something with care and rigor.

Etymology. The field of knowledge about the origin and meaning of words. In order to expand your own vocabulary, it is useful to study etymology.

Jurisdiction. The range of powers that a government body or structure has.

Jagdtash. Hunting bag. Now the term is used as a name for a convenient, stylish bag.

Now that you know some smart Russian words and their meanings, here's some additional advice. You should not use these terms everywhere, as for different situations put on different clothes, so appropriate communication styles are used for different circumstances.

Otherwise, you will look ridiculous, throwing terms everywhere and inserting them indiscriminately into all phrases. The beauty of speech lies in the harmonious combination of words, weaving a pattern of their sound and meaning.

Mastering the art of competent communication is not difficult if you wish. However, it will be equally important to pay attention to such aspects as correct diction, a well-trained voice and the appropriateness of using certain words.

There are situations when simply using smart words and terms is not enough, especially if they are used completely out of place and off topic. To avoid ridiculous attempts to attract the attention of your interlocutor only by inserting clever words, you should definitely study not only the meaning of these words, but also their synonyms and antonyms, correct positioning accents, declension and gender. For example, it is a common mistake to use the neuter word “coffee” or to try to make the word “coat” plural.

Another opportunity to show yourself as a competent interlocutor is the ability to avoid banal, hackneyed and “hackneyed” expressions. Instead of “good” you can say “smart” if you are talking about an employee or colleague as a specialist, instead of “beautiful” you can say “spectacular”, “catchy” if you are discussing the appearance of anyone, even an acquaintance, even a celebrity. Using a dictionary, you can find a synonym for almost every word that is both understandable to everyone and at the same time quite unusual. This approach will undoubtedly attract attention to you during communication.

Parasitic words can be omitted or replaced. You will not learn this right away, but persistent and thoughtful training will help you achieve the desired effect. Speak slowly, carefully thinking through your phrases and their logical construction. Gradually, you will definitely master the art of conducting a conversation competently, and this will help you make the right impression, and, perhaps, will push your rise in success. career ladder. Do not underestimate the ability to correctly express your thoughts and the ability to argue your own opinion; such skills can be useful in any situation.