Help on Tele2, tariffs, questions

Construction and renovation of a house involves leveling walls and reducing heat loss. For this purpose, dry mixtures and insulating materials are used. All this can be found in one warm plaster. This is exactly what will be discussed in this article.

What does it represent?

Plaster compositions are a mixture of binding elements, fillers, plasticizers, performance-improving additives and sand purified from impurities with different fractions. Most warm plaster is presented in dry form, which should be diluted with water before use.

Compound

The building material differs from other analogues in specific fillers. It is they who give the result properties similar to heat-insulating materials.

In particular, the main additives are:

• vermiculite;
• wood fibers or sawdust;
• modified clay;
• powdered pumice;
• polystyrene foam in granules.

Except functional features listed items give the coating a different structure.

Some options are used as finishing decor. Others cover paint and varnish materials after preliminary priming and complete drying of the surface.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main task of plaster is to level the base. Material according to its own physical characteristics different from most of the products offered.

Lightweight and practical finish

Among them, the positive ones include:

• high degree of adhesion to mineral and wood substrates, which do not need to be pre-leveled;
• if the maximum permissible layer is observed, the use of reinforcing material is not required;
• the breathable composition of the coating does not allow heat and cold, noise and dust to pass through;
• the composition mainly includes natural raw materials;
• comfortable use;
• frost resistance and resistance to changes in weather conditions;
• light weight, which does not allow “cellulite” deposits to form under the weight of the solution;
• forms a coating close to monolithic;
• With the exception of the filler in the form of polystyrene, the constituent substances are non-flammable materials.

In addition, warm plaster is considered unattractive to rodents and microbiological organisms. This eliminates the use of various types of antiseptic compounds that can cause an allergic reaction.

A bunch of positive points and advantages over analogues do not exclude the presence of disadvantages. These include:

• as a rule, the maximum value of the applied layer does not exceed 20 mm;
• if plaster is used as an alternative to other heat insulators, then the layer must be at least 5 cm, which affects the foundation due to the total load;
• depending on the composition, the material is able to absorb moisture, so when choosing, you should take this indicator into account;
• When applying the solution again, be sure to use a reinforcing mesh.

It is believed that such a warm plaster, but it should not be considered a composition that fully replaces insulation. The material has, among others, a similar property, but it is not the only one.

Application area

The gypsum binder composition is used only indoors. Lime and cement based warm plaster is used to finish the facade of a house, including its decoration.

Upon closer examination, the solution is used in the following cases:

1. Filling cracks, crevices and voids.
2. Sealing joints between floors.
3. Formation of openings for windows and doors.
4. Insulation: walls and building structure as a whole; water supply risers; sewer system.

The material also copes with leveling the base. But due to cost, it makes sense to give preference to analogues with an acceptable single-layer application exceeding 2 cm.

Types and features

Gypsum heat-insulating plaster has minimal resistance to variable humidity. Therefore, it is used only inside dry rooms. Cement is often used as a base, since it copes with changes in operating conditions much better. For façade elements, exactly these compositions are used.

Plaster with thermal insulation additives for external use differs in fillers, which affect the characteristic properties of the mixture:

1. Organic ones are represented by expanded polystyrene with a fraction of 1-1.5 mm, which is not very durable. Added to cement and lime compounds. Versatility warm plaster limited by flammability. It is recommended to treat the coating with materials as a finishing decoration.
2. Minerals make up for the deficiencies of organic matter. These include: quartz glass is hydro-resistant, does not allow heat to pass through and does not shrink; porous raw materials of volcanic origin : mica vermiculite is not afraid of anything except water; Obsidian perlite needs protection from moisture.
3. Sawdust is inferior for a long time drying, but are excellent for processing brick and wood. Among these fillers are used: sawdust, paper.

The latter mixtures usually have cement or clay as a base. Manufacturers recommend using such mixtures for interior work. This is due to the fact that the presence of wind is not allowed during the drying process.

Mineral fillers also include pumice and expanded clay. These materials are inferior to analogues in all respects, therefore they are used extremely rarely.

Top manufacturers

If we consider construction material from the point of view of manufacturers, then famous brand is German company Knauf. This brand has established itself among the first in the post-Soviet space.

The materials are of high quality. All tasks assigned to the material are carried out in accordance with the specified parameters. The main condition is compliance with the rules for using and preparing plaster.

Domestic analogues also cope with the main tasks, to one degree or another. For example:

1. Houncliffe contains acrylic and glass. Can be applied to any porous substrate. It has low thermal conductivity, is vapor permeable, and does not accumulate moisture. It is environmentally friendly. The material is relatively new, so it is almost impossible to purchase a fake.
2. Termoum can be used to treat any substrate inside and outside the room. The plaster contains 99% mineral elements, which indicates its environmental friendliness and non-flammability. Pores in the coating occupy 55% of the volume. This allows moisture to not linger in the base. Hydrophobicity allows the product to be used as a moisture barrier for walls.
3. Warmmix It has high adhesion to any substrate without the use of primers. Unlike the previous option, it can be used for thermal insulation of the façade of a building.

Warm plaster Umka is suitable for indoor work. It is characterized by high strength and moisture resistance. It does an excellent job of insulating walls from noise and cold outside.

Thermal insulating plaster Knauf Grünband

German warm plaster for the facade Grünband can be applied to any base. The application method can be either manual or machine. The latter allows you to speed up the processing process.

The tasks that Grünband copes with:

• waterproofing of facades and premises with high humidity;
• strengthening the base surface;
• preventing the appearance of cracks during shrinkage of the building or from mechanical impact from the outside;
• decorative design of the base, which only needs to be painted.

The fraction of components does not exceed 1.5 mm. This suggests that the coating differs in coating density and comfort relative to the application of the solution.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

The modern market is presented with everything necessary to make your own plaster, including warm plaster. The mixture is usually based on cement and purified sand.

To impart heat-insulating properties to the plaster, perlite or vermiculite is added to the composition in a ratio of 4 to 1 relative to cement. PVA construction adhesive can be used as a plasticizer in quantities of up to 60 grams per 10 liters of plaster. It is important to mix all the elements thoroughly, leave for about 20 minutes and repeat shaking.

DIY application technology

Warm plaster is used more often for exterior work. External wall plastering activities are carried out in warm weather. It is advisable that there is no wind. This way the result will be of better quality. If beacons are used, then after the coating has hardened, they should be removed and the voids should be filled with warm plaster.

Preparatory work

The base requires standard preparation before plastering. To do this you need to eliminate:

• old coating in the form of plaster and paint;
• protruding reinforcement elements;
• available material for wall insulation;
• excess adhesive mortar between the blocks from which the building is constructed.

It is advisable to fill all the recesses first. Some manufacturers claim that priming is not required. Most experts disagree with this.

Necessary tool

To prepare the plaster you will need a container and a mixer. You can purchase a special attachment for a drill or hammer drill. To work with the solution you will need spatulas (facade and auxiliary) and a rule.

Devices and tools

When using beacons, plaster is applied by machine or manually. Then the mixture is leveled with a trapezoid-shaped cloth. The surplus is further used.

Reinforcement

When applying the solution in a single layer, no additional reinforcement is required. However, there is often a need for a coating in excess of 20 mm. In this case, use a mesh with cells up to 5x5 mm. It will not allow the coating to crack.

The reinforcement process looks like this:

• the first layer of plaster is applied;
• after 100-120 minutes it is attached plaster mesh using a notched spatula;
• the next layer of solution is applied after 1.5-2 days.

Reinforcement

Each stage, with the exception of reinforcement, is carried out after the base or fresh coating has completely dried. Priming is taken into account in this case.

Calculation of the amount of material

Before covering the plaster, be sure to take into account the fact that the solution has a limited action time. As a rule, it is equal to 4 hours.

Layer thickness calculation

For sound insulation, a layer of warm plaster 5 mm thick is sufficient. For thermal insulation, 50 mm is considered optimal. For leveling, the layer is calculated depending on the differences that will need to be eliminated. If they exceed 5 cm, then it is recommended to first use analogues without heat-insulating fillers.

Mixture consumption

If the plaster layer is 20 mm, then you will need about 12 kg of dry mixture per 1 square meter. meter. With a two-layer coating, 2 times more material will be required.

Application

Application rules warm material are actually the same as those of other analogues. The differences lie in the reinforcement and drying time of the coating. In particular, the latter is about 3 hours. Thermal insulating plaster gains maximum strength within a month.

Applying the mixture

To give smoothness, the hardened surface is moistened with water and treated with a grater. To correct possible disadvantages possible within 2 hours.

Let's sum it up

Warm plaster is used as a leveling building material, similar to its conventional counterparts. The mixtures are also used for treating facades and walls indoors with any humidity. Characteristic feature This plaster has a heat-insulating property, along with which the coating does not allow noise to pass through.

The affordable cost of warm plaster and a wide range of applications have a clear advantage over analogues. Besides, T You can make warm plaster with your own hands.

It was necessary to slightly change the composition of the usual one, and completely new material- warm plaster. Manufacturers attribute unique qualities to it and claim that the material can be used as an independent product. So what is this Is it true or just another clever marketing ploy? How to choose the right warm plaster for the facade and interior work, how to apply it, and in what cases can the material really be used as a full-fledged heat insulator?

No. 1. Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster was named thanks to its low thermal conductivity compared to conventional plaster compositions. Similar results were achieved by replacing conventional ones with special heat-insulating additives.

Warm plaster contains the following components::

Usually the material is supplied in the form of a dry mixture, and before application it is enough to dilute it with water. Craftsmen prepare warm plaster on their own, but the composition “works” in any case according to one principle: heat-insulating additives, together with air bubbles, create a powerful barrier to the cold. Tests show that a layer of warm plaster of 5 cm is equivalent in thermal insulation to a wall of two.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is about 0.063 W/m* 0 C. This indicator is somewhat worse than that of extruded polystyrene foam and even, which introduces some features into its use. In regions with cold winters, warm plaster cannot be used as independent thermal insulation - it is usually applied as an additional layer of insulation and plays vital role in the elimination of “cold bridges” that arise during the installation of tiles and roll insulation. In areas with mild winters, warm plaster can even be used as the only thermal insulation material, but a lot depends on the thickness and material of the walls. In the future, we will check all this in calculations.

No. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of warm plaster

Warm plaster has become widespread due to its significant benefits:

Now about shortcomings:

No. 3. Types of warm plaster fillers

The properties and scope of use of warm plaster are greatly influenced by the type of filler. The following materials can be used:

• sawdust. The composition of sawdust warm plaster, except directly sawdust, also includes clay, paper and cement. The use of components that are so “delicate” and sensitive to negative environmental factors does not allow the use of the composition for façade insulation, but for interior work such warm plaster is excellent, especially since it can be applied even to wooden base. Internal thermal insulation will improve efficiency;
• crushed perlite obtained from obsidian, which, when treated at high temperatures, swells with the formation of a mass of air bubbles inside, which increases thermal insulation properties material. The only negative is increased hygroscopicity, so this plaster needs reliable waterproofing;
• expanded vermiculite obtained from mica, the material can withstand wide range temperatures, has antiseptic properties, is lightweight, absolutely resistant to fire, can be used for outdoor and interior decoration, but just like perlite, it is afraid of moisture, and therefore requires enhanced protection;
  
• balls from foam glass obtained from foamed quartz sand. This is the most preferred material for filling warm plaster, as it is not afraid of moisture, fire, has good thermal insulation qualities, can be used for facade and interior work, and does not shrink;
• In addition to vermiculite, perlite and foam glass, they are also used as mineral fillers expanded clay chips and pumice powder. These materials cannot boast of high moisture resistance and are inferior to their analogues in many other qualities, therefore they are used infrequently;
• expanded polystyrene used in warm plasters together with cement, lime and some other additives. These are relatively inexpensive compositions for universal use, but due to the flammability of polystyrene foam, they are not used so often. In addition, the surface of the plaster is too soft and therefore requires mandatory finishing.
  

No. 4. Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To determine whether warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation material, you will have to perform a simple calculation, taking into account the region where the house is located, the thickness and material of the walls:

• calculation begins with determining the value normalized heat transfer resistance of the external walls of the house. This is a tabular value, predetermined by regulatory documents (for Russia - SNiP 02/23/2003). For Moscow, according to the table, this value is 3.28 m 2 * 0 C/W, for Krasnodar – 2.44 m 2 * 0 C/W;
• define heat transfer resistance of house walls, for which we need to divide the wall thickness by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material. Let's do the calculation for two houses. One is located in Moscow and is built from, the wall thickness is 0.5 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.58 W/m 0 C, so the heat transfer resistance is 0.86 m 2 * 0 C/W. The second house is located in Krasnodar and is built from D600, wall thickness is 0.4 m, thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.22 W/m 0 C, heat transfer resistance is 1.82 m 2 * 0 C/W;
• calculation additional insulation . For a house in Moscow this is (3.28-0.86) = 2.42 W/m 0 C. For a house in Krasnodar (2.44-1.82) = 0.62 W/m 0 C;
• calculation layer of warm plaster, its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.063 W/m* 0 C (maybe a little more - depends on the composition and manufacturer). For a house in Moscow 0.063 * 2.42 = 0.15 m, for a house in Krasnodar 0.063 * 0.62 = 0.04 m. Since it is better not to apply warm plaster in a layer thicker than 5 cm, and it has a decent weight, then for a Moscow house it is better to look for another insulation option, and warm plaster can be used in addition. For a house in Krasnodar, warm plaster can be used as independent insulation.

A more accurate calculation can be made if we take into account the heat transfer resistance of all finishing materials. wall materials, and also take into account the number and size of windows and a lot of other parameters. It’s easier to do this in special construction calculators, but you can understand whether warm plaster is worth considering as an independent insulation material from the above calculation.

Despite the manufacturer’s assurances and calculations proving the effectiveness of warm plaster, it is not very often used as the main insulation in residential buildings. It is usually used in dachas to eliminate cold bridges, to treat window and doorways. It is better to use insulation on the outside, but if this is not possible, it can also be applied inside so that it complements the external thermal insulation.

No. 5. Manufacturers of warm plaster

You can save money and make warm plaster with your own hands. The most versatile and inexpensive solution is obtained using perlite or vermiculite. It is necessary to mix 4 parts of vermiculite or perlite and 1 part of dry cement. The thoroughly mixed mixture is diluted with a solution of water and a plasticizer. The latter can be purchased at the store, or can be replaced with PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g of glue per 10 liters of plaster. The mixture is diluted with a water-adhesive composition and constantly stirred for homogeneity. The solution should have a thick consistency. After preparation, it is allowed to sit for 15-20 minutes, and you can begin applying the plaster.

No. 7. Applying warm plaster

The process of applying warm plaster is simple and can be easily done with your own hands:

• the required amount of solution is prepared;
• the wall is cleaned for better adhesion, but many builders simply moisten the surface with plain water;
• It is better to carry out plastering along the beacons, although some neglect this rule. An aluminum profile is used as beacons, which is secured with putty; it is also possible to use prepared plaster. The evenness of the exposed beacons is checked by the building level;
  
• modern ready-made compositions of warm plasters make it possible to do without additional mesh reinforcement, but when applying a thick layer of insulation and at corners, the use of mesh is desirable;
• The process of applying warm plaster is not original and is identical. The solution is placed on the trowel with a spatula, after which it is applied to the wall by rubbing movements from bottom to top between the beacons. The surface is leveled by the rule;
  
• within 2 hours after application, the solution remains plastic, so flaws can be easily corrected. During this period, the beacons are removed and the cracks are rubbed with the same solution. If desired, the surface can be treated with a decorative spatula or structural roller to achieve an interesting effect. If necessary Smooth surface, then after the plaster has dried, it is necessary to apply a thin leveling layer and smooth it with a plastic trowel;
  
• the thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm, otherwise the plaster will begin to fall off. If it is necessary to apply it in several layers, then after installing the first one you must wait at least 4 hours. The surface dries completely after 48 hours, then you can begin to paint it. final finishing. If necessary to process large area walls, it is better to use a machine method of applying plaster.

Warm plaster today is used for, outside and inside, for insulating facades and ceilings, as well as for sealing cracks and cracks, for processing window slopes. At proper preparation, application and calculation, the composition fully meets expectations.

Warm or heat-insulating plaster includes building mixtures, including, in addition to binder and minerals, light and porous fillers of artificial or natural origin. They are rarely used as primary insulation, but are ideal for improving thermal characteristics designs. Ready-made compositions with such properties are produced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers, the best reviews are from Knauf, Osnovit, Umka, Ivsil, Yunis and Vermix, the price is determined by the brand and quality. The choice of a specific brand depends on the conditions and location of the work, the type of base, the method finishing, budget and other factors, almost all of them are well suited for DIY application.

The base is a binder: cement (pure or mixed with clay or lime), gypsum and combined types. Sand is present almost everywhere, the difference is only in its proportion. The role of thermal insulation filler is performed by porous materials:

• Expanded polystyrene crumb is an affordable and lightweight variety that provides good insulation. The disadvantages include its flammability, but when enveloping foam granules with cement, this factor becomes insignificant. Mixtures with EPS are not used as finishing materials; an important requirement is their protection from mechanical stress.
• Perlite sand or vermiculite – natural and environmentally friendly safe look filler. Particles of porous minerals, such as pumice, have similar properties.
• Foam glass - durable, lightweight, non-flammable hollow granules. Mixtures with their addition have an almost unlimited scope of application, but are also more expensive. They fuse with thermal loads better than others and retain their qualities throughout their entire service life.
• Clay, sawdust, paper, cellulose. Cheap fillers are used to independently prepare warm plasters; with such a significant drawback as low moisture resistance, they are better than others for covering wooden interior surfaces.
• Ceramic or glass spheres, polymer fiber are expensive and not always justified types of filler. The high cost is explained by the low thermal conductivity coefficient, durability and good sound insulation abilities.

TO distinctive features include the need for a stable and reliable foundation. The quality of adhesion largely depends on the presence of polymer additives and the thickness of the applied layer: the higher it is, the greater the risk of peeling from the facade; in some cases, walls cannot be finished without reinforcement. Additional advantages are the elimination of cold bridges and ensuring good sound insulation of the house.

Review of popular plaster compositions

1. Knauf Grünband.

A dry mixture with water-repellent and heat-insulating properties based on cement, fractionated sand, polystyrene foam granules and hydrophobic additives. Maximum size Knauf Grünband grain size is 1.5 mm, this variety is suitable for both manual and mechanized application. Its advantages: versatility, vapor permeability, high compressive and bending strength of coatings, economical consumption. Knauf is laid at ambient and base temperatures above +5 °C in a layer of 10 to 30 mm; in difficult areas the solution is reinforced with fiberglass mesh. Recommended applications include preparation interior walls and facades before decorative finishing and plastering of ceilings.

2. Umka UF-2.

A decorative mixture with the addition of silicon granules to create a finishing layer when working with walls made of foam blocks, ceramics, brick, shell rock, metal, etc., thermal insulation of doorways and slopes, gluing slabs of mineral wool insulation. Suitable for both facades and internal use, maximum thickness the applied layer reaches 20 mm. The resulting coating has a slightly rough texture and provides protection from moisture, heat loss and noise. The disadvantages include the high cost - 1 kg costs at least 90 rubles.

3. HAGAst FS-420.

Professional cement warm plaster with perlite additives, designed for thermal insulation of bases made of brick, foam and gas blocks, gas silicate, wood concrete and other light types of concrete. Its characteristics allow it to be used for interior work, but due to its good weather, crack and impact resistance, it is better to buy it for finishing facades or repairing old surfaces with a high salt content. Due to its increased elasticity and small fraction size (within 0.63 mm), HAGAst FS-420 is applied in a thin, economical layer. The low coefficient of thermal conductivity allows the coating to retain heat well and protects masonry made from cellular blocks from cold bridges.

4. Ivsil Termosil.

An environmentally friendly composition of cement, foam glass granules and polymer additives. This brand is well suited for sound and heat insulation building structures, communications, etc., the coating formed during application retains its beneficial features for decades. The scope of application includes ceilings, internal walls and partitions, loggias, staircases, window and door openings, corners of apartments, facades. It is recommended to buy Ivsil Termosil if it is necessary to ensure a minimum load on the base of the building, including when carrying out restoration and repairs. The recommended layer thickness varies from 5 to 40 mm; plasticity and high adhesion allow finishing structures with complex configurations.

5. Teplon White.

A gypsum composition with perlite additives for interior walls is selected primarily when preparing surfaces before decorative finishing. Its advantages: lightness and minimal load on the base when leveling (up to 70 mm), ensuring a good microclimate and normalizing indoor humidity, plasticity, and the possibility of glossing. By analogy with conventional types, Teplon White from Eunice allows you to quickly create a smooth and beautiful coating with minimal labor costs. The disadvantages include low moisture resistance; this brand is not used for facade works and in rooms with high humidity, except when it is placed under tiles with sealed seams.

6. Vermix ШН50.

A dry mixture of cement, quartz sand and expanded vermiculite, intended for leveling and thermal insulation of external structures or creating an additional insulating layer in the pie. This brand has good feedback, it is valued for its vapor permeability, sufficient adhesion strength to bases made of brick, wall panels and blocks, concrete and stone, minimal risk of cracking and affordable cost. It is applied in layers: by spraying and leveling with a total thickness of 10 to 50 mm (more when reinforcing the surface with mesh) manually or using machines, final drying is achieved in 1-2 weeks.

Features of facade insulation

The main requirements of the technology for thermal insulation of external walls include taking into account the influence of their weight on the foundation, proper preparation basics, calculation of layer thickness, determination of the need for reinforcement or strengthening of hydrophobic properties. With rare exceptions, insulation is carried out at positive temperatures and in conditions normal humidity, which is taken into account when planning work. Preference is given to non-flammable, lightweight, vapor-permeable and weather-resistant options with high adhesion quality.

Only prepared facades can be plastered: cleaned of masonry mortar, dirt or crumbling particles, dust-free, primed (with increased adhesion) and slightly moistened walls. Alignment is carried out using beacons; subsequently they must be removed. If the layer thickness exceeds the value recommended by the manufacturer, the coating is reinforced with fiberglass; if necessary, it is performed in several stages, including spraying and finishing. The need for grouting or treatment with water-repellent agents depends on the type of mixture; some brands of plasters withstand external influences better and do not require additional finishing, others are well suited for use as a leveling and strengthening base for the wall.

When taking all these factors into account, it is important to adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations: the proportions, durability, thickness of the applied layer and its drying time before the next stage are clearly stated in the instructions. The solution is mixed completely (the entire bag is poured into the container), using a construction mixer or similar tools and consumed without a trace. Unlike the TsPS to decorative finishing The resulting coatings begin many times faster, but when drying in damp conditions, the interval between these stages increases.

Nuances of thermal insulation of house premises

Almost all compositions with thermal insulation properties are safe and equally suitable for internal and external work, with the exception of gypsum and pure lime. In this case, their goal is not insulation, but leveling and preparing the walls before subsequent finishing. Require special attention hard to reach places: corners, joints, window sills, they are difficult to plaster if there are significant deviations from the level. The advantages of the application include the ability to quickly finish ceilings while simultaneously enhancing their thermal protection.

The process of working with cement mortars inside the house is practically no different from external thermal insulation. Gypsum hardens much faster and requires some skill, but it forms a smooth and beautiful surface. They are chosen when preparing bases for painting or wallpapering. Almost all brands of warm plasters for interior work need to enhance their hydrophobic properties; suitable measures include treatment with appropriate compounds or painting. The thickness of the layer is limited by the coefficients of vapor permeability and thermal conductivity; it is selected taking into account the mandatory removal of moisture from structures or its prevention.

Cost of ready-mixes

Thermal insulating plaster contains a cement-sand mixture and fillers that provide thermal insulation. This building material has recently appeared on the domestic market. It is mainly used to create additional thermal insulation. The main advantages of the mixture: ease of use, strength, and the ability to be applied to different surfaces.

Compared to other materials, it has low thermal conductivity. The basis ordinary plaster- sand. Thermal insulation contains components that reduce its density and ensure the proper level of thermal insulation. The building material is based on binding components, the most common of which are gypsum, cement and lime.

The mixture is used for various purposes. Warm plaster for external use has a special composition: components are added to it that improve hygroscopicity. Gypsum and lime options are used for interior work. The universal product contains cement. Compositions of this type can be used for both exterior and interior decoration. Thermal insulating plaster for interior work, as well as a universal composition, are available in the form of powders. Before use they are diluted with water. Some builders prepare their own loose mixture. However, it is recommended to purchase it from a reliable manufacturer.

Insulation is ensured due to the content of large additives in the product (they can be porous) and special fillers, which are most often used as sand, sawdust and glass.

Thermal insulating plaster includes water-repellent additives that release air. Antiseptic elements and plasticizers act as additional components. They are needed so that the mixture retains its properties.

Tests have shown: if the mixture is applied in a layer of 6 cm, thermal insulation will be provided as from two layers of brick. If winter is frosty, you should pay attention to this product. The mixture is applied to materials that allow cold to pass through. It can be used to seal gaps left after installing tiles.

Advantages and disadvantages

Warm plaster has a number of advantages:

Like any building material, the mixture has some disadvantages:

Filling options

Various elements are used in the composition of building materials.

Preparing the mixture

The mixture purchased at the store must be diluted with water according to the instructions. It is not recommended to use the entire composition at one time, as in this case it will not be possible to obtain the correct consistency. Mix the mixture thoroughly and leave for 4 minutes. During this time she will “ripen”. Experienced craftsmen prepare warm plaster in this way: take 4 kg of vermiculite and mix with 1 kg of cement powder. The solution should be thick. After cooking, it is kept for 15 minutes.

The principle of applying building materials

First of all, you need to clean the surface, then prepare a solution of the correct consistency. The mixture is applied to a moistened surface, so it adheres better. The walls are plastered according to the lighthouses. As such they use fixed metal profiles. To check evenness use building level. If the composition is applied in a thick layer, a reinforcing mesh must be used.

A handful of mixture is placed on a spatula, rubbed into the wall from top to bottom, then the surface is leveled. The composition retains plasticity for 2 hours, during which time unevenness can be corrected. Next, you need to remove the beacons, and use the same composition to grout the cracks. To level the surface, you can use a special grater. If several layers are required, the time interval between them should be 4 hours. The surface becomes dry after 2 days. After 48 hours, finishing is carried out.

Popular manufacturing companies

The mixture of the Umka brand is universal. It is used to decorate walls outside and inside. Umka interacts with brick, concrete, and clay surfaces. The composition is applied manually or using a machine. The material contains basalt fiber. Some builders practice applying a layer of 10 cm.

The Knauf mixture is in demand because it contains expanded polystyrene and substances that provide protection against water. The maximum layer should be 2.5 cm.

The composition of the Mishka trademark contains foam glass filler. The advantage of the component is that it provides waterproof and fire resistance.

The Houncliffe mixture is used as an additional layer of insulation. It contains components of our own production. "Houncliffe" is resistant to fire and moisture. When using this plaster, it is not necessary to apply a protective layer.

Warmth in the house is one of the most important factors, which you should pay attention to when building a room. Heat loss can be minimized different ways. Today, special warm plasters are increasingly used for this purpose. They are applied only from the inside, which allows you to additionally level the walls for further finishing.

Peculiarities

Warm plaster is a cement-based mixture, the main task of which is to retain heat indoors. Classic sand-based solutions have high heat loss. To increase thermal insulation, various fillers are added to plasters that can create a porous structure.

Today in production these products are made from the following substances:

• expanded clay;
• perlite;
• sawdust;
• expanded polystyrene.

Plasters of this type have several positive features:

• Easy to apply. The technology for covering walls is practically no different from classic plastering with cement mixtures.
• Versatility. With the help of plaster, not only heat loss is reduced, but also the walls are leveled for decorative finishing.
• Vapor permeability. The substances allow moisture to pass through well, which allows you to create an optimal microclimate inside the house.
• No cold bridges.

• Good adhesion to various types of surfaces. This allows you to finish almost all walls with minimal cost and effort. Plasters can be applied to some substrates even without prior priming.
• Good sound insulation. The compositions absorb sound waves of various ranges well. But if they are affected by vibration, then they are not able to hide such noise.
• Plasters are not damaged by rodents, and mold and other harmful microorganisms do not develop in them.

Warm compositions are not universal, as they have several significant disadvantages:

• High price. It is quite expensive to purchase such compounds in large quantities, which forces people to look for alternative options insulation.
• Low thermal conductivity coefficient. This indicator for plasters is much inferior to the value for insulation materials such as mineral wool, expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam.
• The maximum thickness of the plaster cannot exceed 5 cm. If this value is increased, then the composition will begin to peel off very quickly after hardening.
• Relatively high density. Although the composition includes relatively light materials, after application to the walls they can still create a significant load on the surface.
• Almost all types of plaster mixtures after application should be coated with additional protective solutions. In most cases, puttying with various compositions (based on gypsum or cement) is used for this purpose.

Kinds

Modern manufacturers present many types of warm plasters. Depending on the composition and presence of the main component, the following types of mixtures can be distinguished:

• Expanded rocks. The most common type of heat-saving plasters. They are obtained through high-temperature processing of various types of mineral fillers. Today, expanded clay chips, vermiculite and perlite are increasingly used for this purpose. Such products can be used both inside and outside buildings. But the latter option requires additional processing (reinforcement, finishing), since water will penetrate into the rooms through the pores, disturbing the structure of the finishing materials.

• Expanded polystyrene compositions. Plasters on a similar basis also receive unique protective properties. But experts recommend using them only for external walls. This is due to the fact that the material is not environmentally friendly, so it is undesirable inside residential premises.
• Plaster based on foam glass. The filler is obtained from glass waste or directly from quartz sand. All these components melt and are amenable to sequential foaming, which allows you to achieve unique technical parameters. Plaster mixtures based on foam glass, they are distinguished by their low weight and good heat retention properties.

This material is environmentally friendly and safe, as it does not emit any harmful substances at all (even when heated). Therefore, this substance is one of the leaders in the manufacture of heat-saving plasters.

• Wood sawdust. The material is quite often used in industrial production. It is also used by many craftsmen to prepare warm plasters. Compositions based on sawdust have unique heat-saving properties and are also completely safe for human health. But with strong heating, sawdust can begin to smolder.

It should be noted that warm plasters are not universal insulation, since it is not capable of replacing classic materials. But if you need to improve the thermal insulation properties of wall surfaces, then it will be the best solution.

Application area

Warm plasters are the name of a class of mixtures that can increase the thermal insulation of a surface. This has led to such a wide distribution of this product in the modern market.

Similar compositions are used to solve several problems:

• Leveling and insulation of facades. Theoretically, various heat-insulating plasters can be applied to the outside of a building. But some of them can withstand changes in temperature and humidity, while others should be additionally coated protective layer. Therefore, the use of such materials outside is limited to only a few varieties.
• Leveling and thermal insulation of internal walls. Almost all types of plasters are suitable for such purposes. Some of them are capable of changing not only the heat-insulating properties, but also giving a decorative effect.

• Insulation of structures that were built according to the “well masonry” principle. Insulating plaster is used here to fill voids that have formed in the wall structure.
• Protecting sewer or water pipes from exposure low temperatures. In most cases, they are used in places where pipes are adjacent to the house. Work of this type requires preliminary planning and the creation of protective frames.
• Insulation of door or window slopes. Insulating plaster prevents the formation of cold bridges. This avoids condensation.
• Thermal insulation of ceiling or floor surfaces. But such use is relatively rare, since users prefer classic insulation materials and approaches.

Application technology

Warm plasters are practically no different from classic mixtures.

The plastering process can be divided into several successive steps:

• Surface preparation. Plasters of this type should only be applied to clean and smooth walls. It is advisable that there are no cracks or other physical damage on them. Therefore, first of all, you need to eliminate the cracks with cement mortars.
• Padding. This operation is not necessary for many mixtures. It is advisable to clarify this fact before using solutions. But experts almost always recommend covering walls with deep penetration primers. They will not only strengthen the wall, but also remove dust from its surface.
• Preparation of the solution. All components should be mixed only in exact proportions. Experts recommend mixing the entire package at once, since the components in it may be distributed unevenly.

Mixing the masonry mortar is carried out with a construction mixer. Please note that you should not do this on high speeds. It is advisable to add the dry mixture to the water, and not vice versa. In this way, you can get uniform and high-quality plaster. To check if the mixture is ready, you need to scoop it onto a spatula and turn it over. She shouldn't fall in this position.

• Installation of beacons. These elements are located along the entire perimeter of the walls. They allow you to achieve a perfectly flat surface.
• Plastering. Apply the composition using a wide spatula between the beacons. Experts recommend starting work from the bottom and moving up. The solution is distributed in an even layer. When the area between adjacent beacons is filled, you can begin leveling. To do this, use a long rule to move the mixture, while leaning on supports.
• When the plaster hardens a little, you need to remove the beacons and fill these places with a liquid composition. At the very end, final alignment is carried out.

Manufacturers

Warm plasters differ in composition, which affects their physical properties. Today many manufacturers cement mortars produce various products. Among all this diversity, several popular brands of warm plasters can be distinguished:

• Knauf Grünband- one of the most known species plasters. It is made on the basis of polystyrene foam filler. The fraction of balls does not exceed the size of 1.5 mm. The manufacturer also adds different kinds plasticizers and water-repellent additives. After hardening, the top layer of plaster forms a unique decorative surface. Subsequently, it can be painted with special paints that will protect the surface from climatic influences. Its use indoors is not recommended. To obtain optimal thermal insulation performance, the solution should be applied in a layer thickness of at least 1 cm, but not more than 3 cm.

• UMKA UB-21 TM. Universal heat-insulating plasters that perfectly withstand significant temperature changes. The applied layer of the substance can withstand up to 35 winter cycles. It is made on the basis of a cement-lime mixture with the addition of foam glass. The product can be applied to almost any mineral base. Perfect for any type of work. The materials also repel water quite well, which allows you to protect the main surface from its effects. Another advantage can be considered the quality of sound insulation. But if you use it for interior walls, then the surface after hardening will need to be additionally covered with special putties.

• "Bear"- another good variety of domestically produced solutions. According to customer reviews, it tolerates frosty winters well. The advantages of the product include low thermal conductivity. It is universal, as it can be used in different temperature conditions.
• HAGAst AuBenputzPerlit FS-402. The main constituent elements here are cement and perlite sand. Compositions intended for processing cellular concrete and gas silicate blocks. But they are also suitable for brick and wood concrete. The only drawback can be considered the inability of the plaster to withstand external influences. Therefore, it should be additionally puttied with protective solutions.