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Project passport Type of project: collective, educational - creative. Project implementation: September 2014 - April 2015 Project participants: children senior group No. 14, teacher Maslova N.L., assistant teacher Fayzulina N.I., parents. Integration educational activities: "Safety"; "Cognition"; “Communication” “Reading fiction” “ Artistic creativity» “Theatrical Dramatization” “Musical Perception”

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Abstract This project covers the following topics: “Decoration of a Russian hut”; “The way of life of the Russian people”; "Ancient roots of folk art"; “Decorative and applied arts in human life”; "Folk Crafts"; " Folk traditions and customs of the Russian people" Practical work allows students to deeply understand the topics and expand lexicon

: “The inner world of the Russian hut”, “Design and decoration of folk household items”, “Folk costume”, “Folk folklore in theatrical dramatization”

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The goal of the project is to promote the formation of a personal culture in children, to introduce them to the rich cultural heritage of the Russian people, to lay a solid foundation in the development of national culture by children based on familiarity with the life and way of life of the Russian people, their character, their inherent moral values, traditions, material and spiritual features environment.

Slide 5 Project objectives *Arouse children's interest and respect for the history, culture, and language of the Russian people; *Introduce children to oral folklore *Introduce children to the peculiarities of folk life; *Instill in children pride in their country and its history; * Expand children's horizons and vocabulary when getting acquainted with Russian huts and household items, traditions of the Russian people; * Develop children's coherent speech when describing everyday objects, composing stories, riddles about holidays, traditions, conducting excursions; *Develop the expressive side of speech when telling nursery rhymes, chants, songs; *Introduce children to different species folk art; *Develop artistically - Creative skills children. * Implement an integrated approach to the moral and patriotic education of preschool children;

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Sections of project activities

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Project activity plan September *Creation of a mini museum in a group on the topic of the project. *Parental participation in the creation of a mini museum.* Collection of information and illustrative aids on the topic of the project. *Conversations with children about life, way of life, holidays, customs of the Russian people, as a means of fostering patriotic education. *View the presentations “Russian Hut”. October *Conversation with children “Safety in a wooden house” *Visit to the “Russian Izba” museum on the basis of joint venture No. 1 *Visit to the “Russian Izba” museum on the basis of joint venture No. 5 *Compilation of creative stories “What we saw in the museum” *Reading Russian folk tales fairy tales, nursery rhymes, sayings. * View the presentation “Russian folk costume”

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Project activity plan November *Open-integrated lesson on speech development “Russian Izba”. *Acquaintance with folk decorative and applied arts. “Khokhloma”, “Filimonovskaya toy”, “Dymkovo toy”, “Bogorodskaya carved toy” *Painting spoons using the “Khokhloma” technique December *Conversation on the topic “Traditions and celebration of the New Year by the Russian people” *Introducing children to folk music (listening Russian folk songs) *Use of Russian and folk costume items in the staging of the New Year's matinee.

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Project activity plan January *Watching animated films showing a Russian hut and its interior: “Two Maples”, “At the Command of the Pike”, Silver Hoof”. *Reading fiction: The fairy tale “Porridge from an Axe”, “Russian Matryoshka” by S. Zhulkova, “Motley Round Dance” by E. Gulyg, “Cat’s House” by S.Ya Marshak. * A retelling of the Russian folk tale “Porridge from an Axe” based on illustrations from the fairy tale. February * Conversation on the topic “Spring holidays in Rus'” * Introducing children to folk art (chants, nursery rhymes, ditties) * Quiz “Russian Izba”

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Project activity plan March *Conversation with children Russian folk costume for different layers population of Russia. *Examination of illustrations and paintings depicting Russian folk color in clothing. * Use of Russian folk costumes, utensils, musical accompaniment, a poetic form of presenting material at a matinee for the holiday of March 8th. April *Systematize and summarize knowledge on the project topic. *Creation of the encyclopedia book “Russian Izba” *Creation of the folder “Our works”

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Only those who love, appreciate, and respect what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love our homeland, having gotten to know it, and become a true patriot. S. Mikhalkov.

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Our mini museum in group No. 14

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Museum "Russian Izba" on the basis of preschool No. 1

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Open integrated lesson on speech development “Russian Izba”

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Goal: To foster a sense of patriotism and love for the homeland. To introduce preschoolers to the culture and traditions of the Russian people. Expand children's ideas preschool age about the life of the Russian people. Activate cognitive and creative activity children. Objectives: To introduce children to household items of the Russian people. To consolidate knowledge about the life and way of life of the Russian people, household items and household utensils. To develop children's visual skills and abilities in painting household utensils. Visual material for creating the interior decoration of a Russian hut: Russian stove, iron, spinning wheel, chest, ruble, stag, samovar, cast iron, clay bowls, jug, mugs, benches, table. Summary of an integrated lesson on speech development “Russian Izba”

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Progress of the lesson On the table there is a model of a Russian hut, figurines of men, a painted scarf, beads, embroidered napkins, bast shoes, wooden Toys: matryoshka, bear. The teacher asks the children to look carefully and remember who these things belong to, who lived in such houses and what material they are made of. Educator: Russia is our homeland, which has its own history, traditions, way of life. Educator: Guys, what country do we live in? Children: In Russia Educator: For a long time in Rus', houses were built from wood - logs. Why do you think? Children's answers. Today I invite you to travel many years ago and see with your own eyes how the Russian people lived. Will help me with this Magic wand, and we will go on a visit to a Russian village. Educator: Guys, let's get up from our chairs, hold hands and close our eyes. I will say the magic words and we will go on a journey.

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I’ll take a wand in my hands, I’ll call on magic, a miracle will come to visit us, take us back to the old days. Educator. Here we are at the threshold, it turns out there was a risk of tripping when entering the hut! Do you know why? The hut had a high threshold and a low lintel. This is how the peasants protected the warmth and tried not to let it out. Alyonushka: Oh, you can hear noise and laughter outside the window - guests are coming! Sports exercise “Step over and don’t hit me” (2nd tapes “threshold” and “lintel”) Educator: Guys, do you know why else when people entered a house through the threshold they leaned over, not only to avoid hitting themselves, they bowed to the house they were entering, greeted him. Alyonushka: Come, invited and welcome guests. (bow) Educator: Here we are in a Russian hut. Alyonushka: Dear guests, why did you come and where are you coming from? Children's answers

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Alyonushka: Well, since you came specifically to find out how we live, then I’ll tell you. The central place in a Russian hut is occupied by the stove. The stove was placed so that it was well lit, and away from the wall to prevent a fire.

The space between the wall and the stove is called the “bake”. There the housewife kept the tools necessary for work: grips, a poker, a scoop. There were cast irons and pots on a pole near the stove. There is firewood in the niche under the pole. Guys, why do you need firewood in a hut? Children's answers. Alyonushka: What do you use to heat your houses? Children's answers. Alyonushka: Oh guys, boys and girls, I have a lot of things to do around the house: go get water, light the stove, cook dinner, spin yarn, wash canvases, rock the baby, but she doesn’t have an assistant. What to do? Children's answers. Alyonushka: I am glad of your help! Alyonushka: Where do we start? Let's start with the place in the Russian hut, where the housewife worked, prepared food, washed, and bathed the children. This place was called "woman's kut". Children's answers.

Slide 33 Alyonushka: Correct! this place is near the Russian stove. There were many shelves near the stove; on the shelves along the walls there were various dishes. (milk bowls, clay and wooden bowls, salt shakers) Display of museum exhibits. Children's answers. Alyonushka: Tell me guys, what materials were the dishes made from? What if this clay dishes

, who made it? Children's answers. Alyonushka: Guys, what else was a Russian stove in the hut for? Children's answers. Alyonushka: Guys, my mother ordered me to cook cabbage soup for dinner and I will need your help. Are you ready to help me? Children's answers. Alyonushka: Tell me where should I start? light the stove, bring water, put the vegetables in the cast iron and put it in the stove to cook? Alyonushka: What do we cook food in now and in what dishes? Children's answers. Alyonushka: It’s hot, hot in the oven, how can we put the cast iron with cabbage soup in the oven, and then take it out? What item will help us? Children are looking for a grip (museum exhibit display)

Alyonushka: Oh guys, look what it’s standing on the Shostka, what do you think? (display of a museum exhibit - a cast iron iron). Children's answers. Alyonushka: Do you know how to iron them? Children's answers. Alyonushka: That's right guys! We need coals to heat the iron. Does anyone know how I can get coals out of the oven? Children's answers. Alyonushka: Thank you, well done! told me. And when I iron, where do you think I will put the ironed linen? Children's answers. (chest. We put things in the chest) Alyonushka: Well done guys! We coped with this task too. Oh guys, while you and I were working, my little sister woke up in the cradle and started crying? Alyonushka: We need to rock him to sleep and sing a lullaby. Guys, we need our help again! Let's sing a lullaby to my little sister.

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I bay, bay, bay, my baby. Come, cat, spend the night, rock our baby. Just like I am a cat, I’ll pay you for your work: I’ll give you a piece of pie and a jug of milk. You eat, drink, don’t crumble, don’t ask the cat for more. Alyonushka: Hey, helpers! Aw, well done! We did a great job with you. Behind

Good work

, you are welcome to the table.

Guys, the place where the table, benches and icon were located was called “Red Corner”, which means beautiful. It was here that guests were received and dined. Alyonushka: Guys, do you know the proverbs about hospitality. Children's answers. Alyonushka: “What’s in the oven, all the swords on the table.”

Alyonushka: Well done guys! I would like to invite you to play the Russian folk game “Bells”. Number of players: any, stand in a circle, choose “blind man’s buff” and “bell” Additionally: bell Children stand in a circle. Two people come out into the middle - one with a bell or bell, the other with a blindfold. Everyone sings: Tryntsy-bryntsy, bells, The daredevils are ringing: Digi-digi-digi-don, Guess where the ringing comes from! Educator: We worked hard and played well! But we need to say goodbye to Alyonushka. The children say goodbye to Alyonushka. Alyonushka: Oh, guys, wait, I wanted to ask you one more thing! Guests often come to my house, but I don’t have enough spoons for everyone. I would like to ask you to paint me some beautiful spoons for my wonderful home.

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Conclusion Museum pedagogy is a symbiosis of the creative activity of a teacher who introduces preschoolers to local history, way of life, way of life, traditions of the Russian people, and folk applied arts.

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*Introducing children to folk art and decorative items applied arts, life, way of life of the Russian people, provide beneficial influence for development children's creativity and development of coherent speech. *The nature of folk art, its emotionality, decorativeness, diversity - effective means for the development of mental activity in children, speech development and comprehensive development of the child as a whole.

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*The creativity of folk craftsmen cultivates aesthetic taste in children, forms spiritual needs, feelings of patriotism, and national pride. * Folk toys stimulate children to independent actions. The knowledge gained in the process of classes and games with objects of folk art expands the possibilities of independent activity of children in all areas of educational activity.

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The result of the “Russian Izba” project *The teacher and parents collected visual material, fiction to familiarize children with the traditions of Russian life, folk crafts, and ancient Russian holidays. * A mini museum was created in the group with the participation of parents. *Children have developed a deeper knowledge of the history of Russian folk life, respect and interest in the history of their homeland and the traditions of the Russian people.

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* In the process of project activities, children freely mastered information about different types Russian hut, its structure, household items, tools, crafts, folk costume and traditions of the Russian people. * Children's vocabulary has been enriched with words rarely used in modern life. (platbands, log house, dugout, chimney, splinter, lintel, pitchfork, sickle, ruble, stag, cast iron, tuesok, jars, tub, ladle-bucket, glass, spinning wheel, spindle, etc.)

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Prepared by teacher Maslova Natalya Leonidovna Moscow 2015 Thank you for your attention

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The design of the huts is similar, but the images are very different. There is a bogatyr hut - a wide, powerful house, and another high hut, the slopes of its roof resemble a forest spruce in shape. Or you can come across a granny hut with one window, nestled comfortably among tall trees etc.

In a low light with a sash window, a lamp glows in the darkness of the night: The weak light either completely freezes, or showers the walls with trembling light. The new light is neatly tidied up: The window curtain turns white in the darkness; The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level; The stove collapsed into a corner. Along the walls there are installations with ancient goods, a narrow bench covered with a carpet, a painted hoop with an extendable chair, and a carved bed with a colored canopy. L. May L. May

The corner opposite the stove, to the left or right of the door, was the workplace of the owner of the house. Here the peasant was engaged in handicrafts and minor repairs. The walls had not previously been papered, curtains had not been hung, and the floor was covered with homemade rugs. The hut was kept exceptionally clean. Twice a year (usually at Easter and baptism) there was a big cleaning. Every Saturday they washed the floors (not painted), tables, benches, wiped down the walls, “Voronets”, and shelves. They washed the threshold to the hut especially carefully. By its cleanliness, the matchmakers judged the cleanliness of the future mistress.

There was little furniture in the hut, and there was not much variety - a table, benches, chests and dish shelves. The dishes were stored in wall cabinets - “observers”; special boxes were made from splinters for spoons; wooden and copper utensils were kept on "voronets". There was a tub next to the entrance, with a washstand hanging above it. Sometimes they put it in the hut wooden bed, on which the adults slept.

Spinning wheels were an obligatory attribute in the decoration of a peasant house. Their oar-shaped blades were decorated with carvings and floral ornament in brown and gold tones. A spinning wheel was required as part of the bride's dowry and was considered an expensive gift from father to daughter and brother to sister.

Back in the 18th century characteristic feature the peasants' dwellings were "black-fired", i.e. the furnaces did not have outlet pipes. To remove smoke, a ceiling smoke pipe and a round chimney were made from hollow wood or planks. The Russian stove is a relatively late phenomenon. OVEN is the basis of life, the main amulet of the family, the family hearth. OVEN - the home of a brownie. OVEN - the soul of a peasant house The very word “hut” comes from the ancient “istba”, “heater”. Initially, the hut was the heated part of the house.

“The stove fed, gave water, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or home... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”

In a person's life, home has great importance, because all the main family rituals are associated with the house: homeland, wedding, funeral. The beauty of a Russian village hut lies in the feeling of the warmth of human hands, the love of a person for his home. A interior decoration home is inner world person. A house is a residential building, but a house is also a homeland, family, relatives. The presentation shows the main types of peasant buildings, carpentry tools, hut construction, wooden lace decorations for the pediment and many beautiful photos and sketches of a "golden log hut."

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Slide captions:

Russian hut Izba - it contains age-old wisdom... Full of mysteries and simple! She is still alive, a holy chronicle of the people, the purity of our Universe! Semina Oksana Anatolyevna MBOU DOD DDT No. 1 Nickel, Murmansk region, 2012

With verb, purse and timber, the house was built with a carved porch, with deliberate peasant taste, and each with its own face. V. Fedotov

“Brus” - the utility part is located behind the living quarters four-walled five-walled six-walled twin hut “Koshel” - the utility part is located to the side and behind the living space Main types of peasant buildings

“verb” “purse” “brus north” “brus-south”

Carpentry tools 1 - ax and its parts; 2- a - plane, b - drach, c - adze, d - hacksaw, d - line, e - scraper, g - chisel, h - drill, i - two-handed saw, k - hammer, l - spirit level, m - weight (plumb), n - drop, o - opal, p - compass, p - meter; 3 - awl, devil, saw, chisel and knives.

Hut design plan

In the okhryapka in the okhlup in the cut in the paw chopping Methods of joining logs of a log house

S. Yesenin And now, when the new light has touched my life and destiny, I still remain the poet of the Golden Log Hut. Log house decorated with carvings

Carved platbands.

Pediment of the house

Saw carving of balconies and cornices

My village...

Just beautiful…

house of the blacksmith K. Irillov

Sketch of a house

Sketch of roof decorations

Sketch of the roof ridge

Sketch carved frames and windows

Outbuildings well bathhouse mill

We design...

Thank you for your attention. The hut is the sanctuary of the earth, With baked secrets and paradise; By the spirit of dewy hemp We learn the secret. N. Klyuev.

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The vast majority of buildings in the Russian village were made of wood; pine, spruce, birch, and oak were used. The most durable buildings were made of pine and oak, as they lasted up to 200 years. From such durable material They built not only dwellings, but also barns in which grain was stored. The buildings

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The perimeter of the future house was marked directly on the ground using a rope. For the foundation, a hole 20-25 cm deep was dug around the perimeter of the house, filled with sand, and covered with stone blocks or tarred logs. Later they began to use a brick foundation. Above dense layer birch bark layers were laid, they did not allow water to pass through and protected the house from dampness. Sometimes a quadrangular log crown was used as a foundation, installed around the perimeter of the house, and then the log walls. According to old pagan customs, which even today Russian people coexist with the true Christian faith, a piece of wool (for warmth), coins (for wealth and prosperity), and incense (for holiness) were placed under each corner of the crown. How to build a hut

: “The inner world of the Russian hut”, “Design and decoration of folk household items”, “Folk costume”, “Folk folklore in theatrical dramatization”

The sloping roof was lined with wood chips, straw, and aspen planks. No matter how strange it may be, the most durable was the thatched roof, because it was filled with liquid clay, dried in the sun and became strong. A log was laid along the roof, decorated with skillful carvings on the facade, most often it was a horse or a rooster. It was a kind of amulet that protected the house from harm.

The goal of the project is to promote the formation of a personal culture in children, to introduce them to the rich cultural heritage of the Russian people, to lay a solid foundation in the development of national culture by children based on familiarity with the life and way of life of the Russian people, their character, their inherent moral values, traditions, material and spiritual features environment.

Household use different parts living space depended on the material condition of the owner, on his taste, as well as on internal layout dwellings. But what was common to all types of houses was the presence of a Russian stove. Russian stove

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A Russian hut usually had one room. The main place in it was occupied by the stove. The larger the stove, the more heat it provided; in addition, food was cooked in the stove, and old people and children slept on it. Many rituals and beliefs were associated with the stove. It was believed that a brownie lived behind the stove. It was impossible to wash dirty linen in public, and it was burned in the oven. When matchmakers came to the house, the girl climbed onto the stove and from there watched the conversation between her parents and the guests. When they called her, she got off the stove, and this meant that she agreed to get married, and the wedding invariably ended with an empty pot being thrown into the stove: the number of shards that broke, the number of children the young people would have.

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They cooked food in cast iron, using grips, pokers, and chapels. Every house always had a samovar, around which the whole family would gather for tea. Kitchenware

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Diagonally from the stove there was a front corner with icons and a lamp. Red corner

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It was also located here dinner table with benches. Wide shelves were nailed along the walls under the ceiling; on them were festive dishes and boxes that served as decoration for the house, or to store things needed in the household. In the corner between the stove and the door under the ceiling there was a wide shelf - a shelf.

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An indispensable occupation of a peasant woman, especially in winter time, there was spinning of wool and flax on a spindle and on a spinning wheel. Women's hard work was washing clothes with a roller and ironing them with a ruble. Peasant woman's activities

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In the ancient Russian hut there was not so much furniture: the already mentioned table, benches along the walls, on which they not only sat, but also slept, a small open cabinet for dishes, several massive chests upholstered with iron strips for storing clothes and linen - that, perhaps, is the whole furnishings. The floors were covered with knitted or woven rugs, and outerwear served as blankets.

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Most peasant huts were thatched. Zakut is the place where the dining table stood in the hut. The peasant hut had a lot of furniture. In the red corner there were icons and a lamp. Peasant women ironed clothes using a roller. Control questions

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