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Water is the source of life on Earth, a great natural value, covering 71% of the surface of our planet, the most common chemical compound and a necessary basis for the existence of all life on the planet. The high content in plants (up to 90%) and in the human body (about 70%) only confirms the importance of this component, which is tasteless, odorless and colorless.

Water is life!

The role of water in human life is invaluable: it is used for drinking, food, washing, and various household and industrial needs. Water is life!

The role of water in human life can be determined by the share it occupies in the body and organs, each cell of which is rich in an aqueous solution of essential nutrients. Water is one of the effective means physical education, widely used for personal hygiene, recreational physical education, hardening, and water sports.

Biochemical properties of water

Maintaining the elasticity and volume of a living cell would be impossible without water, as would a significant part chemical reactions organism, occurring precisely in aqueous solutions. What makes such a valuable liquid irreplaceable is its thermal conductivity and heat capacity, which provides thermoregulation and protects against temperature changes.

Water in human life is capable of dissolving some acids, bases and salts, which are ionic compounds and some polar non-ionic formations ( simple alcohols, amino acids, sugars), called hydrophilic (from Greek literally - tendency to moisture). Liquids cannot handle nucleic acids, fats, proteins and some polysaccharides - hydrophobic substances (from Greek - fear of moisture).

The biological significance of water is quite great, since this invaluable liquid is the main medium for internal processes occurring in the body. In percentage terms, the presence of water in the body is as follows:

An interesting statement about this by the science fiction writer V. Savchenko, who in one phrase revealed the meaning of water: a person has much more motives to consider himself a liquid, in contrast to, for example, a 40% sodium solution. And there is a popular joke among biologists that water “invented” man as a means of transportation, the main component of whose body it is. 2/3 of its total amount is contained inside cells and is called “intracellular” or “structured” fluid, which is capable of ensuring the body’s resistance to influence negative factors external environment. The third part of the water is outside the cells, and 20% of this amount is the intercellular fluid itself, 2% and 8% - respectively, the water of lymph and blood plasma.

The importance of water in human life

The importance of the natural component in life and everyday life is simply invaluable, since without it it is impossible to exist in principle.

Water is necessary for life because:

• humidifies inhaled oxygen;
• helps the body in high-quality absorption of nutrients;
• promotes the conversion of food into energy and normal digestion;
• participates in ongoing metabolism and chemical reactions;
• removes excess salts, waste and toxins;
• regulates body temperature;
• provides skin elasticity;
• regulates blood pressure;
• prevents the formation of kidney stones;
• is a kind of “lubricant” for joints and a shock absorber for the spinal cord;
• protects vital organs.

Water cycle in the body

One of the conditions for the existence of all living things is a constant content of water, the amount of which enters the body depends on a person’s lifestyle, his age, physical health, and environmental factors. During the day, up to 6% of the water available in the body is exchanged; Within 10 days, half of its total quantity is renewed. So, per day the body loses about 150 ml of water with feces, about 500 ml with exhaled air and the same amount with sweat, and 1.5 liters are excreted in the urine. A person receives approximately the same amount of water (about 3 liters per day) back. Of this, a third of a liter is formed in the body itself during biochemical processes, and about 2 liters are consumed with food and drinks, and the daily need for exclusively drinking water is about 1.5 liters.

Recently, experts have calculated that a person should still drink about 2 liters of pure water per day in order to prevent even the slightest dehydration of the body. The same amount is recommended to be consumed by yogis who know the true meaning of air and water. An absolutely healthy human body should ideally have a state of water balance, otherwise called water balance.

By the way, German scientists, after a series of experiments conducted on students, found that those who drink water and drinks more than others show greater restraint and a penchant for creativity. Water plays a stimulating role in human life, filling it with energy and vitality.

According to some estimates, over the course of 60 years of life, an average person drinks about 50 tons of water, which is comparable to almost an entire tank. It is interesting to know that half of ordinary food consists of water: in meat it is up to 67%, in cereals - 80%, vegetables and fruits contain up to 90%, bread - about 50%.

Situations of increased water consumption

Usually a person receives about 2-3 liters of water per day, but there are situations in which the need for it increases. This:

• Increased body temperature (more than 37 ° C). With each increasing degree of water, 10% more of the total quantity is required .
• Heavy physical labor on fresh air, in which you need to drink 5 - 6 liters of liquid.
• Work in hot shops - up to 15 liters.

A deficiency of valuable fluid is the cause of many diseases: allergies, asthma, excess weight, increased blood pressure, emotional problems (including depression), and its absence leads to disruption of all body functions, undermining health and making one vulnerable to disease.

Loss of water up to 2% of total body weight (1 - 1.5 liters) will make a person feel thirsty; loss of 6 - 8% will lead to semi-fainting; 10% will cause hallucinations and impaired swallowing function. Deprivation of 12% of water from the total body weight will lead to death. If a person can survive without food for about 50 days, provided he consumes drinking water, then without it - a maximum of 5 days.

In fact, most people drink less than the recommended amount of water: only a third, and the resulting ailments are in no way associated with a lack of fluid.

Signs of lack of water in the body

The first signs of dehydration:

A stable supply of water to the body in the required quantity helps ensure vitality, get rid of ailments and many serious diseases, improve thinking and coordination of the brain. Therefore, you should always try to quench your emerging thirst. It is better to drink little and often, since a large amount of liquid is intended to one-time replenishment The daily norm will be completely absorbed into the blood, which will put a noticeable load on the heart until the water is removed from the body by the kidneys.

Water balance in the body is a direct path to health

In other words, water in a person’s life, with a properly organized drinking regime, can create acceptable conditions for maintaining the necessary water balance. It is important that the liquid is High Quality, with the presence of necessary minerals. The situation in the modern world is paradoxical: water, the source of life on Earth, can be dangerous to life itself, carrying various infections with almost every drop. That is, only clean water can be beneficial for the body, the quality problem of which is modern world very relevant.

Water shortage is a terrible future for the planet

Or rather, the very problem of the availability of drinking water, which is turning into an increasingly scarce product every day, is becoming vitally important. Moreover, the importance of water on Earth and its shortage in international relations are discussed at top level and often in a conflicting way.

Currently, more than 40 countries are experiencing water shortages due to the aridity of many regions. In 15 - 20 years, even according to the most optimistic forecasts, every person will understand the importance of water on Earth, since the problem of its shortage will affect 60 - 70% of the planet's population. IN developing countries water deficit will increase by 50%, in developed countries - by 18%. As a result, international tension around the topic of water shortage will increase.

Contaminated water as a result of human activity

This is due to geophysical conditions, human economic activity, often ill-considered and irresponsible, which significantly increases the load on water resources and leads to their contamination. A huge amount of water is spent on the needs of cities and industry, which not only consume, but also pollute water, dumping about 2 million tons of waste into water bodies every day. The same goes for Agriculture, which has millions of tons of waste products and fertilizers flowing into water bodies from farms and fields. In Europe, out of 55 rivers, only 5 are considered clean, while in Asia, all rivers are extremely polluted with agricultural waste and metals. In China, 550 out of 600 cities experience water shortages; Due to severe pollution, fish cannot survive in reservoirs, and some rivers flowing into the ocean simply do not reach it.

What flows from the taps

And why go far if the water quality, which leaves much to be desired, affects almost every person. The importance of water in human life is great, this is especially true when consuming it, when sanitary standards go against the quality of the liquid consumed, which contains pesticides, nitrites, petroleum products, and heavy metal salts that are harmful to health. Half the population receives water that is hazardous to health, causing about 80% of all known diseases.

Chlorine is dangerous!

To avoid possible infection with any infection, the water is chlorinated, which does not in any way diminish the danger. On the contrary, chlorine, which destroys many dangerous microbes, forms chemical compounds harmful to health and provokes diseases such as gastritis, pneumonia, and oncology. When boiling, it does not have time to dissolve completely and combines with organic substances that are always present in the water. In this case, dioxins are formed - very dangerous poisons, surpassing in their strength even potassium cyanide.

Water poisoning is much worse than food poisoning, because water in human life, unlike food, takes part in all biochemical processes of the body. Dioxins accumulated in the body decompose very slowly, taking almost decades. Causing disturbances endocrine system, reproductive functions, they destroy the immune system, cause cancer and genetic abnormalities. Chlorine is the most dangerous killer of our time: by killing one disease, it gives rise to another, even worse one. After global chlorination of water began in 1944, epidemics of heart disease, dementia and cancer began to appear en masse. The risk of cancer is 93% greater than that of those who drink non-chlorinated water. There is only one conclusion: you should never drink tap water. The ecological importance of water is problem No. 1 in the world, since if there is no water, there will be no life on Earth. Therefore, an indispensable condition for maintaining health is its cleaning and compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards.

Water is one of the most abundant chemical compounds on Earth. It covers about 4/5 earth's surface, and its total mass on the planet reaches 10^18 tons. Water not only plays a primary role in everyday life and industry, but is also extremely important for maintaining life in general. None of the living creatures on Earth can live without water. Such an important and direct role is due to its physical and chemical properties. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of water in human life.

Approximately 2/3 of the human body consists of water. As part of a living cell - the structural and functional unit of the body - it also occupies the first place in quantitative terms. The saturation of a cell with water is directly related to the intensity of metabolism in it.

This chemical compound can be found in cells in free and bound form. Free water, partially filling the intercellular spaces, vessels, organ cavities and cellular vacuoles, serves for the transport of substances between the cell and environment. In bound form, water is found between protein molecules, fibers, membranes and is part of some cellular structures.

Properties of water and its functions in the body

Without water, it would be impossible to maintain the volume and elasticity of a living cell. In addition, the vast majority of chemical reactions in the body occur in aqueous solutions. The selective ability to dissolve and not dissolve certain substances, high heat capacity and thermal conductivity, incompressibility and other properties make water indispensable for life.

Water dissolves ionic compounds well - acids, bases and salts. This is explained by the polarity of molecules and the ability of water to form hydrogen bonds. Some nonionic but polar compounds, such as sugars, amino acids, and simple alcohols, also dissolve easily. All these substances are called hydrophilic (from the Greek hydros - wet, philia - inclination).

When a substance passes into solution, its reactivity increases significantly. For this reason, water is the main medium for biochemical reactions to occur. Many redox reactions and hydrolysis reactions occur with the direct participation of H2O.

No less important for living organisms is the ability of water not to dissolve certain substances called hydrophobic (from the Greek phobos - fear), for example, fats, nucleic acids, some polysaccharides and proteins. Many chemical reactions take place at the resulting interface.

High heat capacity and thermal conductivity provide thermoregulation of the body and protect against sharp changes body temperature. Almost complete incompressibility determines the volume and elasticity of cells and tissues. Optimal value Surface tension makes capillary blood flow possible.

The role of water in Everyday life person

A person deals with water every day throughout his life. He uses it for drinking and cooking, washing, bathing and much more.

If you can live up to 50 days without food, then without water - no more than 5. Severe dehydration can lead to fainting and hallucinations. Ultimately, this condition ends in death without medical assistance.

Water is necessary for normal thinking and physical activity. With sufficient fluid intake, a person is resilient and energetic. Dehydration leads to fatigue, poor concentration, headaches and joint pain, increased blood pressure, and kidney problems. Lack of moisture in the body also affects the condition of the skin: it becomes dry and more prone to wrinkles.

You should not limit yourself to drinking; it is healthier to drink little and often. If you drink a lot of water at once, the excess liquid, being absorbed into the blood, puts unnecessary strain on the heart until it is excreted by the kidneys. Organizing the right drinking regime helps maintain health and is the key to longevity.

For animals, flora and, naturally, the importance of water for humans huge.

Water is truly the source of life on earth - not a single cell of a living organism can exist without it. And therefore, the organism itself cannot exist without water. After all, the organisms of living beings are nothing more than a collection of many aqueous systems - suspensions, colloids, aqueous solutions.

Water is involved in the breathing process, since a person can breathe dry air for a relatively short time. During sweating, it participates in the process of thermoregulation. Also, water removes toxins from the human body and delivers them to cells. nutrients(mineral salts, vitamins). The importance of water for a person is so great that for normal life he needs to drink more than 1.5 liters per day.

The amount of water released by life processes must be replenished. Therefore, one of critical issues Human nutrition becomes a problem of constant replacement of water in the body. She can be reimbursed as integral part food, and in free form. It is known that in nature does not exist clean water. It was found that in natural waters there are more than 80 chemical elements. Thanks to experiments that have revealed this, water is considered to be very complex system, containing chemical components, biologically living objects and products of their vital activity. In addition to the source of life, water in nature is also a universal solvent. It constantly contains a huge number of ions of other substances.

Natural waters are divided into the following groups:

Natural waters

Atmospheric waters

• rain

Surface water

• fresh waters
• river waters

Groundwater

• keys
• wells
• wells

Sea waters

Mineral water

We can consider the characteristics of each of the groups.

Atmospheric water. This group continuously evaporates for years from the surfaces of rivers, lakes, seas, as well as from the surface of the soil, etc. This water returns to the earth again under conditions known to everyone since school in the form of precipitation: snow, hail, rain, etc. More than half of this water is released back into the atmosphere through evaporation. The other half of the precipitation either seeps into the soil, forming groundwater, or flows into reservoirs along the surface of the same soil.

Surface water. Part of the precipitation that falls on the soil from the atmosphere flows along its surface until it reaches water basins - seas, lakes, oceans. On the way to these water basins, the surface years are enriched various substances, depending on soil types and any other conditions.

It must also be said that river water is not only enriched with dissolved substances, but can also lose them. For example, some of the carbon dioxide evaporates from it. As a result of this process, magnesium, iron and calcium, which were previously contained in the water in the form of salts, fall out. Often people can observe the effect of the so-called self-purification of rivers. During this process, under the influence of sunlight and oxygen contained in the air, the death of microorganisms and decomposition occurs organic matter contained in water.

The importance of river water in human life mostly energy - hydroelectric power stations are being built on rivers.

Due to the large evaporation surface, lake water contains a larger amount of dissolved substances than river water. Most clean water have lakes located in the mountains.

Groundwater. Groundwater begins with atmospheric water, some of which seeps into the soil. For humans, the value of this water is most important. It appears on the surface of the earth in the form of springs and springs, and can also be extracted by humans using wells or boreholes. Groundwater is even more diverse in composition than river water, and this diversity varies over a wide range.

Groundwater is most often rich in minerals and contains low amounts of organic matter. However, the composition of waters in approximately the same place and at the same depth does not always coincide.

Natural waters. They depend on the time of year and the climate in general. Their composition is mainly influenced only by man-made factors. Industrial wastewater and runoff from agricultural fields all have a detrimental effect on natural waters.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of water in our lives, it is real natural wealth. More than half of our planet is occupied by various bodies of water. The water around us can be in three states: liquid - oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, solid - ice and snow, and gaseous state - fog, clouds.

And man himself does not consist of water. Water is part of the blood and is involved in cleansing the body. Insufficient fluid intake can have a detrimental effect on the health of humans, animals or birds. And if we can go without food for up to 40 days, then without water for no more than three days.

Since ancient times, people have built cities and villages along the banks of reservoirs, because water is an excellent helper for humans. Rivers, seas and oceans can be used as a large and convenient road. At any time of the year, day or night, cargo and passenger ships carry passengers and various cargoes. The heat from hot springs is used in hydroelectric power plants. It is impossible to cook lunch, mix concrete for construction, make paper, fabric, medicine without water. Factories and factories, as well as agricultural enterprises, also cannot do without this natural assistant. It’s not for nothing that they say – where there is water, there is life.

There is a lot of water around us, but not all of it is suitable for life. Fresh water is needed for food consumption, industry, and agriculture, but its reserves on the planet are small, and due to regular pollution and uneconomical consumption, they are constantly decreasing.

Water must be conserved. Each of us must remember that natural reserves water is limited. It is necessary to control pollution from factories and factories and use them everywhere. sewage treatment plants, prevent waste from livestock farms from entering water bodies, and also use water sparingly in everyday life. And then life will develop on our planet for many centuries, people will travel the seas and oceans, rejoice blooming gardens and the diversity of animals and birds.

I wonder if people could live on our planet if there was no water on it? What would our body consist of? Maybe from air or some other liquid. However, all this is just guesswork. Let's try to understand the real facts.

Water is life. Very wise saying. Water is not only one of the chemical elements. Everything that surrounds us consists of water. The house is built of bricks, which lie on cement mixed with water. A puddle on the road left after rain. The snow we look forward to every winter. Tears and drool that our body needs to function normally.

Water provides life for all living beings. Animals and plants quench their thirst with its help. This allows them to grow well. People use it to cook food, clean and do laundry, wash, and maintain cars and other equipment. Water is an essential habitat for many living things. For example, fish, octopuses, crabs, jellyfish, water strider beetles could not live without it. It is a home for them.

Ships and boats sail on the water. They transport people and goods to countries and islands that cannot be reached by plane, car or train. Thanks to water, we have electricity in our homes. After all, it is from this that hydroelectric power stations operate.

Many jobs depend on water largest factories and factories. Somewhere it is used for washing equipment, and somewhere it is the main element in the manufacture of certain goods.

Returning to the question asked above, we can confidently answer that without water we would not be able to live on this planet. This is probably why no one has yet moved to Mars or the Moon. After all, water has not yet been discovered on other planets, and it was in the aquatic environment that life originated. And only then did living organisms adapt to land and begin to live as they do today.

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“Water is the source of everything in the Universe.” This is what Heraclides said. And it is almost impossible to argue with this. Remember what scientists research first when it comes to searching for “brothers in mind”? That's right - the presence of water on the planets. Because if it exists - in any - solid, gaseous or liquid state - it means that various shapes life.

Perhaps everyone knows from school curriculum that 2/3 of the surface of our planet is covered with water. Water, in greater or lesser quantities, is contained in everything that surrounds us - even volcanic magma and stones. What can we say about people! The importance of water in human life is difficult to overestimate. It is not for nothing that Du Bois gave an apt definition: “A living organism is animate water.” Indeed, 3/4 of our body consists of this substance. Interestingly, even such “parts” as bones contain water.

Moreover, water is not just present in our body, but plays one of the most important roles in almost all life processes. It is part of the blood and is involved in the work circulatory system, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the organs. Without water we could not digest food. It breaks down even such poison as nicotine, as well as sugar and excess salt. It protects against overheating and removes waste products. And if without food a person can still “hold out” for a month or two, then without water he dies within a week. Why is this happening? Let's take a closer look.

Physiological functions of water

Perhaps, first of all, it should be said that water plays the role of a kind of “filler” for our body. Our appearance depends on her. After all, thanks to it, organs retain a certain shape and “work” normally. A person reacts very sharply to changes in water balance:

• a decrease in the amount of water in the body by just one percent leads to severe thirst;
• if the moisture decreases by five percent, then there is a feeling of dryness in the mouth, the skin begins to wrinkle, clouding of consciousness occurs and even hallucinations are possible;
• if the body loses ten percent of water, this leads to mental disorder, the swallowing reflex disappears;
• with a loss of 14 to 15 percent of moisture, death can occur.

Another, no less important function of water is nutrition. It dissolves useful substances and, together with them, penetrates cells, intercellular spaces and even the thinnest capillaries, providing them with everything they need. Water also participates in the digestion process and cleanses our body of waste products. Leaving the body through the skin and kidneys, water simply “takes with it” everything harmful substances, accumulated in the body. Moreover, water is the main biological fluid. After all, it is precisely the environment in which metabolic reactions and the constant process of restoration and destruction of living tissues take place.

The thermoregulatory role of this substance is no less significant. What is thermoregulation? This is the body's ability to maintain a certain body temperature. Remember what the doctor tells you when you are sick. “Drink more fluids” - right? Water, evaporating from the surface of your body, helps to “bring down” the temperature.

How much water do you need?

Everyone's water needs are different. And it depends on many factors - climate, age, health, labor activity, food, etc. Therefore, talking about exact numbers is quite problematic. They will still be “average”. So here it is. It is estimated that an adult healthy man, living in middle lane, loses about 3 liters of water every day. And what was lost must be compensated. If the mere thought of having to drink as much as 3 liters seems monstrous to you, do not despair! A large number of We get water from fruits, vegetables and other foods.

Therefore, the need for water “in its pure form” is approximately 1.5-2 liters per day. That is eight to ten glasses. Unfortunately, the vast majority of people drink only a small portion of required quantity. And this is despite the fact that many scientists have already come to the conclusion that most of the “diseases of the century” are associated precisely with a violation of the drinking regime and, as a consequence, dehydration of the body. According to the results of a number of studies, people who drink a lot of water are more resilient, more restrained and more prone to a variety of creative activities.

By the way, our “smart” body very clearly signals a lack of water. Only we often do not hear these signals and do not pay any attention to them. But in vain! The signs of dehydration are obvious and probably familiar to many. If you have:

• the skin began to peel and dry;
• acne and pimples appeared;
• clogged pores;
• “bags” appeared under the eyes;
• pain in the joints and back began;
• dizziness often occurs;
• you constantly feel lethargic and tired;
• a dry cough appeared;
• pressure began to “jump”;
• decreased performance and concentration

...then it’s time to think about whether you are drinking enough water.

It is believed that you should drink the first glass of water immediately after you wake up, on an empty stomach. This way you will “start” the cleansing process in your body right in the morning. Next, the daily norm is “accepted” in small portions. You should drink in small sips and, of course, only “live” - not boiled - water. Tea, coffee, juices don't count. We are talking specifically about drinking water.

What other measures can you take to avoid dehydration? Here are some simple tips:

• if you are going on a trip and know that you will not have the opportunity to drink for a long time, drink “in reserve” the day before;
• When on a plane, try to drink at least one glass of water every hour. This is due to the fact that the air on airplanes is very “dry”;
• In summer, before leaving the house, be sure to drink one or two glasses of water. At the same time, try not to drink directly on the street, because... this may lead to increased sweating. As a result, you will lose even more moisture;
• if you are sick and your temperature has risen, drink as often as possible, even “I don’t want to”;
• Remember that alcohol, coffee and smoking lead to dehydration. For every serving of alcoholic drink or cup of coffee there should be one glass of clean drinking water;
• During pregnancy and breastfeeding, there is a need for additional fluid.

A little about the “eternal”...

Also - which is especially important for women who are watching their figure - it is believed that water helps to cope with excess weight. A glass of water drunk before a meal dulls the feeling of hunger and reduces appetite. As a result, you will eat less than usual. This is especially important if you are “on a diet” - you want to eat all the time! But while eating, it is better to refrain from drinking - water dissolves food and removes it from the body, which means that very soon you will want to eat again. In general, it is believed that you should only drink dry food - pies, crackers, sandwiches.

Any housewife knows that no matter how often you sweep the floor, you still can’t do without wet cleaning. Without water it is simply impossible to clean. Our body also needs to be “washed”. And not only outside, but also inside. It is water that washes away all impurities and toxins and allows us to ensure the cleanliness in the body that is so necessary for health.

However, we should not forget that any issue should be approached “wisely”. Everything needs moderation. Excessive amounts of fluid in the human body can cause no less harm than its lack. Large portions of drinking increase sweating, impede the transfer of oxygen by blood and increase the load on internal organs.

When eating spicy and salty foods, severe thirst occurs, but taking too much liquid can lead to metabolic disorders. It is also not recommended to drink fatty foods cold water- an overfilled stomach can lead to stomach upset - it is better to limit yourself to a cup of hot tea. Sweet juices on an empty stomach also increase gastric motility and have a laxative effect.

An ordinary miracle

However, the phrase “Don’t let yourself dry out” is not just an advertising slogan, but the real truth. During life, the amount of fluid in the human body gradually decreases: a newborn baby consists of 86 percent water, and old man- only for 50! Aging is literally drying out. Remember how an apple wrinkles and dries out if it lies on the table for a long time - the same thing happens to us. We must fight!

Life originated in water. “We carry the ocean in our veins,” said the poet. And a small, familiar and almost imperceptible miracle will help us keep this life full - a few glasses of clean water a day. They will help you get rid of excess weight, improve the condition of the skin, hair and overall well-being. And, most importantly, for all this it is not at all necessary to run to a pharmacy or department store and spend “mad” money. The miracle is here, very close. Just reach out.