Trees for the garden in Japanese style. Favorite flowers. Sophora japonica

Trees for the garden in Japanese style. Favorite flowers. Sophora japonica - plants and flowers

Rhubarb cannot be found in every garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! The large green or red rosette of leaves of the plant, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful background for annuals. It is not surprising that rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage and meat sandwich - great idea for a quick snack or for a picnic in nature. Just fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little seasoning. There are no onions in these sandwiches; if you wish, you can add onions marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches; this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, all that remains is to pack a picnic basket and head to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the varietal group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground, is: for early tomatoes- 45-50 days, average ripening time - 55-60 and late dates- at least 70 days. When planting tomato seedlings at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality tomato harvest also depends on carefully following the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

Unpretentious plants“background” sansevieria does not seem boring to those who value minimalism. They are better suited than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal care. Stable decorativeness and extreme hardiness in only one species of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very rapid growth - rosette sansevieria Hana. The squat rosettes of their tough leaves create striking clusters and patterns.

One of the brightest months garden calendar I am pleasantly surprised by the balanced distribution of favorable and unfavorable days for working with plants according to the lunar calendar. Vegetable gardening in June can be done throughout the entire month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do it useful work. There will be optimal days for sowing and planting, for pruning, for a pond, and even for construction work.

Meat with mushrooms in a frying pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for holiday menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this is the preferred meat for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, are the best choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - boletus mushrooms, boletus and other delicacies is best prepared for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.

I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with interesting, non-trivial coloring of foliage. I have various Japanese spirea, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry... And there is one special shrub, which I will talk about in this article - viburnum leaf. To realize my dream of a garden that does not require great care, he probably fits perfectly. At the same time, it is capable of greatly diversifying the picture in the garden, from spring to autumn.

It is no coincidence that June remains one of the favorite months of gardeners. The first harvest, new crops in the vacant places, fast growth plants - all this cannot but rejoice. But the main enemies of gardeners and garden bed dwellers – pests and weeds – also use every opportunity this month to spread. Work on crops this month is waning, and planting seedlings is reaching its peak. The lunar calendar in June is balanced for vegetables.

Many dacha owners, when developing their territory, think about creating a lawn. The imagination, as a rule, draws magical pictures - a smooth carpet of green grass, a hammock, a sun lounger, a barbecue and beautiful trees and shrubs around the perimeter... But when faced with laying out a lawn in practice, many are surprised to learn that a beautiful smooth lawn not so easy to create. And, it would seem, everything was done correctly, but here and there strange bumps appear or weeds sprout.

The June schedule of gardening work can surprise anyone with its richness. In June, even lawns and ponds require attention. Alone ornamental plants have already finished flowering and need pruning, others are just getting ready for the upcoming show. And sacrifice ornamental garden in order to take better care of the ripening harvest is not the best idea. IN lunar calendar There will be time in June to plant new perennials and potted arrangements.

Cold pork leg terrine - a meat appetizer from the category budget recipes, because pork legs are one of the cheapest parts of the carcass. Despite the modest ingredients, appearance dishes and their taste top level! Translated from French, this “game dish” is a cross between pate and casserole. Since in times of technical progress there have been fewer game hunters, terrine is often prepared from livestock meat, fish, vegetables, and cold terrines are also made.

In cute pots or fashionable florariums, on walls, tables and window sills - succulents can withstand weeks without watering. They do not change their character and do not accept conditions that are comfortable for most capricious people. indoor plants. And their diversity will allow everyone to find their favorite. Sometimes looking like stones, sometimes like fancy flowers, sometimes like extravagant sticks or lace, fashionable succulents have long been not limited only to cacti and fat plants.

Trifle with strawberries is a light dessert common in England, the USA and Scotland. I think this dish is prepared everywhere, just called differently. Trifle consists of 3-4 layers: fresh fruit or fruit jelly, biscuit cookies or sponge cake, whipped cream. Usually, custard is prepared as a layer, but for a light dessert they prefer to do without it; whipped cream is enough. This dessert is prepared in a deep transparent salad bowl so that the layers are visible.

Weeds are bad. They prevent you from growing cultivated plants. Some wild herbs and shrubs are poisonous or can cause allergies. At the same time, many weeds can bring great benefits. They are used and how medicinal herbs, and as an excellent mulch or component green fertilizer, and as a means of repelling harmful insects and rodents. But in order to properly fight or use this or that plant for good, it needs to be identified.

In the classic Japanese garden, as we have already noted, the main importance is given to recreating the natural landscape, usually using water and stone. Plants are assigned the role of an elegant “wrapper” that decorates the topography of the garden. That is why plants should be selected very carefully and economically and in no case should you strive to create a collection garden densely filled with exotic plants. Japanese species. There may be very few plants used - in Japan you can find gardens of only rhododendrons!

In the classic Japanese garden, as we have already noted, the main importance is given to recreating the natural landscape, usually using water and stone. Plants are assigned the role of an elegant “wrapper” that decorates the topography of the garden. That is why you should select very carefully and economically and under no circumstances strive to create a collection garden densely filled with exotic Japanese species. There may be very few plants used - in Japan you can find gardens of only rhododendrons!

There is no need to plant only the species beloved by the Japanese. Very often they turn out to be sensitive to our frosts. Usually it is easy for them to find a replacement from plants that are more adapted to our conditions. For example, the main coniferous species in the Japanese garden are Thunberg pine (Pinus thunbergii) and dense-flowered pine (Pinus densiflora). It is better to replace them with species more familiar to Russia, especially since dense-flowered pine is a close relative of our good friend - Scots pine (P. silvestris). The main thing is to find a good balance of several ornamental trees and shrubs interspersed with beautiful flowering perennials, cereals, bamboos and ferns.

Below we have selected 12 plants as an example, from which it is easy to create compositions in Japanese style. Among trees, the Japanese value weeping forms with spherical contours, and among decorative and beautiful flowering shrub preference is given to plants that are easy to trim, in order, again, to give them the appearance of hemispheres. Tall grasses, ferns and bamboo are included in the composition as accents that break the monotony of spherical forms.

In addition to these “best of the best,” the section contains descriptions of several dozen more plants recommended for the Japanese garden (see the navigation column on the right). The vast majority of them feel great in central Russia. Plants for the garden information:
DECORATIVE TREES

Common cherry. Many Russians definitely want to have sakura at their dacha in order to perform the spring ritual of admiring Japanese cherries. Of course, sakura grow not only in the subtropics, but also in the Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, and in the south of the Primorsky Territory. And it is better for residents of the middle zone and northern regions to remember their native cherries - blizzard-white, poetic, glorified in Russian literature both in poetry and prose. The common cherry f. is especially close to the southern sakura. Raxa, which grows magnificently in the Moscow region.

Palm maple. Almost all types of maple are of interest as very ornamental plants. Beautiful drawing Leaves of different shapes, bright autumn colors, original inflorescences and fruits, bark pattern and shoot color have long attracted people's attention to them. Almost all species are good honey plants. They began to be used for landscaping purposes from the first steps of the development of gardening. They are used in single and group plantings; low forms are planted in tubs. Pairs well with dark conifers.

Scots pine. The priority in the Japanese garden, without a doubt, belongs to the pine tree. She is a symbol of durability, courage, willpower. The choice of pine trees for planting in a Japanese garden depends on its size. Garden areas in Japan are very small, so it has long been customary to shape trees, weakening their growth and giving the crown expressive form. In modern Japanese gardens, mountain pine is sometimes used without shaping, preserving its natural lodging appearance. Pines form the structural basis of the garden and serve as its skeletal plants.

DECORATIVE MOLDED SHRUBS

Barberry Thunberg is the most beautiful of the deciduous barberries, with yellowish, bright red or purple-red, later purple-brown shoots. Barberries are used in solitary and group plantings, in rock gardens, and as a ground cover plant. The variety of varieties simply gives the gardener unlimited scope for imagination. For the conditions of central Russia, it is also the most suitable crop for creating trimmed and free-flowing hedges and borders.

Hawthorn is indispensable in ornamental gardening. In the spring it is beautiful during flowering with its corymbose inflorescences consisting of numerous flowers, in the summer when the fruits ripen, having a variety of colors - orange, yellow, red, burgundy, black, and in the fall, when its foliage turns yellow, bright red, orange or remains green color. Hawthorn is usually planted as individual trees or in groups. Many species are spectacular in standard form.

Cotoneaster. The main attractiveness of cotoneasters is the combination of strong branching, original foliage and varied growth forms. Small flowers white or Pink colour They are not very decorative, but the dense crown of dark green shiny leaves that turn red in autumn is valued. These shrubs are easy to form and retain their shape for a long time. In addition, at the end of summer, their decorative effect is enhanced by the abundance of bright red or black fruits that hang on the branches for a long time.

BEAUTIFULLY FLOWERING PERENNIALS

Tree peony is an outstandingly beautiful shrub, reaching a height of 1.5-2 m, with large bright green leaves. One bush can have from 30 to 70 flowers. The diameter of each is from 20 to 25 cm. The color of the petals is white, pink, crimson, lilac with a dark crimson spot at the base. Large numerous stamens with bright yellow anthers are clearly visible. There are forms with double and semi-double flowers. The plant is decorative even after flowering due to unusual shape leaves and fruits.

Rhododendron is an ornamental woody plant, a bright and early flowering shrub that can compete with roses in its grace, richness of flower colors and splendor of flowering. Rhododendrons look very impressive during flowering. One lush inflorescence can contain up to 15-25 flowers. During flowering, the plant branch looks like a bouquet. The beauty of the flowers is highlighted by glossy leathery leaves. Many types of rhododendrons can grow successfully in central Russia.

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rhizanthemum. In the culture of decorative garden chrysanthemums- thousand-year history. In Japan they are considered the national flower. The chrysanthemum is traditionally depicted on coins and the state emblem of Japan, and one of the country's highest honors is the Order of the Chrysanthemum. The Chrysanthemum Festival in the Land of the Sun is a special ritual: while performing it, one must admire every shade of the inflorescences, while one must think deeply about the path traveled and the meaning of life.

CEREALS, BAMBOOS AND FENS

Adiantum stopiformis is one of the most beautiful ferns that grows well in conditions Central Russia. This is an unusually graceful openwork plant from deciduous forests North America And East Asia, up to 60 cm tall with flat, fan-shaped leaves on thin, shiny, black petioles. It is not inferior in beauty to tropical representatives of the genus. Looks good both individually and in group plantings. Adiantum is so beautiful that it needs to be planted in plain sight.

Miscanthus is one of the most popular ornamental grasses in gardening. Not a single species can compete with it in the beauty of plants, the variety of varieties and forms and methods of application in garden design. Almost all miscanthus have a long period of decorativeness - from spring to late winter. In autumn their foliage turns various shades yellow, brown, burgundy colors. The unusually beautiful miscanthus inflorescences are used to create dry floral arrangements.

Saza is one of the most cold-resistant bamboos, the only genus of bamboo that grows wild in Russia. Naturally, it is preferable to plant bamboos in gardens created in oriental style, on the background decorative pools and streams. Tall bamboos can be used as a characteristic feature of Japanese gardens. Rot-resistant, durable and beautiful bamboo sticks are a wonderful ornamental material for decorating a Japanese garden. An essential plant for compositions that imitate Japanese gardens in Russian conditions.

Japanese gardens look attractive throughout the year - unlike English mixborders, which bloom brightly in the summer months but disappear from the garden in late autumn.

Japanese gardens use many evergreens; Such gardens are created in order to calm and pacify, and not to disturb our perception. They are great in small spaces and can be very easy to maintain. At the core Japanese gardening philosophy lies recreation of natural Japanese landscape in miniature (usually in the form of a mountain landscape with waterfalls and streams). “A look at nature from the outside” is precisely what makes this style of garden art the way it appears to us today. Usually when talking about a Japanese garden, we immediately imagine stones and water. People seem to really enjoy using these elements in their garden design.

There is a great variety plants, inherent not only in the nature of Asia, but also in the temperate climate zone, which can be used in Japanese gardens. You can try to create such a garden on your site, guided by the basic internal principles, which should be understood by everyone who wants to feel the spirit of a Japanese garden.

For example, you will never find a square pond in the wild, so don't create one in your garden. You can create a waterfall, but not a fountain. To others an important condition are the balance, or " sumi" We always want to have more small space. But if the rock looks harmonious on the shore of the endless sea, imagine how it will look on 6 acres of land? So choose your design elements with extreme care.

A stone can represent a whole mountain, a pond can represent a mountain lake. A tiny space covered with sand will become a boundless ocean. Without any doubt, the phrase " Less is more“was first heard from the lips of a master of garden art. Give up variety. Repetition individual elements V various parts the garden creates a sense of integrity, which is especially important for small spaces.

Work with a limited color palette

Let shades of green dominate throughout the year. This style places more emphasis on form than on abundance and luxury. Flashes bright colors and berries in the garden can only be used to emphasize the passage of time, the change of seasons.

Use contrast

This is again a play of shapes and textures: wide carved maple leaves are adjacent to sharp pine needles.

Design your garden so that it looks attractive in all seasons. Evergreen bushes form the basis of Japanese gardens; many of them also give us unparalleled seasonal blooms. Some types of perennial flowers such as irises or hellebore, are attractive throughout the season with their foliage shape. If you decide to use these herbaceous plants, How to the host or fern, place them in the crevices of stones to hide the empty, untidy places left in the place of dying foliage in autumn.

Learn basic growing techniques bonsai. They can be used when growing pine or other trees not only to limit their size for small garden, but also to achieve the aged, curved forms characteristic of this style.

Time and space

The first thing that strikes a European when looking at a Japanese garden is a certain “emptiness”. This causes anxiety among gardeners who are used to filling everything free space in the garden to give it pomp and pomp, but this “ emptiness» – key element Japanese garden art.

Empty space, or " ma”, defines and emphasizes the elements around it, and, conversely, the objects surrounding it define the space itself. These are precisely those polar forces that transform into each other, which are known to us as two principles, defined by the Chinese words “ yin" And " yang" Without nothing it is impossible to get something. It's hard to understand, but main principle philosophy of the Japanese garden.

One more key point that require serious thought and understanding are the concepts of “ wabi" And " sabi" Like many words in Japanese, these words do not have an exact translation into Russian. "Wabi" can be defined as something " one of a kind", or the spirit of something. "Sabi" defines time or the ideal image of something; the closest in Russian it sounds like “ plaque of time" A concrete lantern may be a one-of-a-kind piece, but it doesn't fit the ideal image of this Japanese garden element. The stone may be old and covered in moss, but if it is just a round cobblestone, it has no "wabi". You should try to feel this balance.

All these concepts - "ma", "wabi" and "sabi" - are interconnected with time and space. While the space of the garden belongs to us, time appears to us as the changing seasons. Unlike Western landscape designers(who leave the garden in the fall in order to return to it in the spring) Japanese masters are devoted to their garden and admire it in all seasons.

In the spring, they enjoy the vibrant green of buds opening and rhododendrons blooming. In summer, they are attracted by the contrast of colorful foliage patterns and cold shadows on the ground. Autumn is stunning bright colors falling leaves, which are replaced by winter silence and the sedateness of a snow-shrouded garden. For the Japanese, winter is a “garden” period just like spring. The Japanese talk about the caps of snow on the branches as if they were trees in spring bloom.

So even this “dead” period for European gardeners in the garden for the Japanese is full of life. Perhaps it is the Eastern understanding of death as an inevitable stage of life (or the Western fear of death?) that divides Western and Eastern philosophy.

The intimacy of Japanese gardens

Another feature common to all Japanese gardens is their intimacy, closeness from the outside world. As we have already said, the garden is a model of the world in miniature. In order for the garden to become a truly secluded place, we must protect it from the outside world. And since it is separated from the outside world, we must create a method (including in our thoughts) to enter and leave our microworld. Japanese garden impossible to imagine without hedges And wicket the same as without maples and lanterns.

Like most elements associated with the Japanese garden, hedges and gates have deep symbolism. We try to look at the garden as separate world, in which there is no place for sorrows and worries. Fences separate us from the outside world, and gates become the boundary behind which we leave our daily problems, and when we leave, we prepare ourselves to face the outside world.

Fences– it is also a tool for strengthening another principle “ miegakure", or "hide and play". Existing types fences serve no more than visual screens, often entwined with vines, through which you can only partially see the garden. Sometimes designers cut out a small window in a solid wall of a fence to give passersby a glimpse of the attractive beauty of the garden located on the other side of the fence. You can be sure that you will only see a narrow strip of what is behind the fence.

And even if you go through the gates of the house, then most likely not the whole garden will open before you, but only one more arch gate, sometimes attached directly to the house, which hide the garden. To see the entire garden, you need to enter this arch and only then will you be left alone with the garden. The final step in truly experiencing the garden is when a person “dissolves” in it, when time and the person themselves no longer matter.

Components of a Japanese Garden

Stones in a Japanese garden

The Japanese believed that those places where there are many stones are chosen by the gods (kami) for their stay. The stones of these places were objects of special worship, since, according to the Japanese, they were sacred, and, therefore, the most pure and reliable precisely because of the presence of deities there.

This attitude towards stones led to the fact that the aesthetic basis of Japanese gardens, which appeared many years later as an art form, began to be formed to a greater extent by stones.

Stones form the “skeleton” of a Japanese garden. If you place the stones correctly in your garden, everything else will fall into place on its own. Below we will give you a description of several types of main stones in the Japanese garden, as well as basic principles their placement.

The main stones in a Japanese garden are high vertical stone, low vertical, curved, inclined and horizontal stones. Usually these stones are placed in triads, but this is not prerequisite. Two similar stones (for example, two vertical ones), one of which is slightly smaller than the other, can be placed next to each other, like a man and a woman, but usually three, five or seven stones are used in the composition.

Should be avoided use the following three types of stones: “sick” stones (deformed top), “dead” stones (stones that are vertically oriented in nature, laid horizontally, and vice versa, like the body of a deceased person), and stones that are discordant with all the other stones in the garden. In the composition, use only one stone from each group of main stones (the composition can be supplemented with small stones that do not carry much meaning). Stones can be used to make a sculpture, or they can be used as a path or bridge.

The use of stones in the Japanese garden is very extensive.:

building interesting compositions from them;

design of reservoirs; creation of paths, bridges and footbridges, retaining walls;

creating symbolic water landscapes from gravel;

usage stone lanterns and pagodas.

In order for the composition of stones to be balanced, in Japan they use the technique of constructing it in the shape of a commensurate triangle. Moreover, this applies not only to stone compositions.

In every garden composition (be it shrub, tree or composition with architectural forms) balance is achieved, among other things, by fitting the garden elements into a co-scale triangle, where there will necessarily be a main element and one or more subordinates.

This canonical technique brings beauty and harmony at the same time.
But in each specific case, of course, there may be deviations from canonical norms.

Compliance with other fundamental techniques and principles of creating Japanese-style gardens will make these deviations invisible.

Some basic rules for working with stones:

If you are creating compositions from groups of stones, then they are composed mainly of an odd number of stones (three, five, seven).

Setting the stone on permanent place, it must be deepened so that it grows into the ground and connects with it, but does not lie on the surface.

The depth to which a stone is dug into the ground depends on the nature of the relief: on a flat place you need to dig the stone much less than on a slope.

When installing stones, the main principle is achieving balance– arranging them in the shape of a proportionate triangle, where the main stone (“shuseki”) must be correctly correlated with the first minor (“fukuseki”) and the second minor (“kyakuseki”). In other words, there should not be any stones of the same size in a group. Otherwise, the composition of stones will be uninteresting and boring.

For Yin-Yang energy balance There should be more horizontally located stones than vertical ones. Because there are quite a lot of surrounding vertical lines in each garden (verticals of fences, trees, buildings). Their preponderance will disrupt harmony, causing a feeling of anxiety. But in each specific case there may be exceptions. The main thing is to correlate the verticals and horizontals of the garden in a reasonable balance.

A stone can be used to change the outline of a body of water if for some reason it no longer suits you. To do this, you can beautifully “implant” a stone of the desired size into coastline. The new shore line will depend on the size and shape of the stone.

When creating stone paths, keep in mind that they have several functions in the garden at the same time.

Paths made of stone

The paths in the Japanese garden symbolize the roads of life, the journey through life. They connect various Pictures of the Garden and its points into a single whole. The paths indicate the path along which we can go to each Garden Picture. But, at the same time, often the main function of the paths is the basis of the path. And the base should be durable, comfortable, beautiful.

Therefore, the arrangement of paths must be approached seriously, starting from a carefully thought-out sketch of the path lines to the placement of stones in the path. After all, by changing only the rotation of the stone, we can change the feeling of energy moving along the path.

Paths in a Japanese-style garden should not be straight or have a clear geometric shape..

Smooth, softly winding lines of the path will lead us to one or another viewing point of the garden.

The paths should not “scream” about their beauty or the originality of the material from which they are made, but should become an integral, harmonious part of the overall composition.

The ease of movement along it will depend on how correctly you arrange the path in the garden.

Bridges can also be made from stone in the garden, which, like paths, play several roles at the same time. Bridges are a continuation of the path, connect two banks, and can be the basis of some kind of garden composition.

Bridge in the Japanese garden- This is a symbolic element. Depending on the general concept garden, it can mean a transition from one period of life to another, from one environment to another, from the present to the unknown.

In Japan, bridges made from solid natural blocks are highly valued. A Japanese-style garden will add a special charm curved bridges, with beautiful natural vertical stones on different banks at the beginning of the bridge.

But again, there must be moderation in everything - imagine a large bridge on the square of a small garden...

And here is a small original bridge from natural stones can fit into almost any area of the garden, decorating it with appropriate plants, stone, gravel, lantern.

In Japanese gardens, the use of stone is common in the form of lanterns, pagodas.

Very important point creating a garden in Japanese style is the right thing to do arrangement of stones and plants. We must connect them in such a way that no one doubts that this stone has been lying here throughout its entire stone life, symbolizing the constancy of the Universe.

But plants change periodically, as they symbolize natural impermanence, the variability of life.

This combination will work out perfectly if you “spy” similar examples from living nature: in the forest, on the shore of a lake, in the mountains.

In Japan, stones are valued not only for their natural beauty, but also for their pure sound.

A properly created Japanese garden evokes a feeling of antiquity and eternity. Nothing can “age” a stone like something grown on it. moss. In humid climates, moss will settle on the stones on its own over time. But if you are impatient, you can speed up this process by carefully transferring the moss from the forest. It is necessary to constantly moisten the newly transplanted moss until it completely takes root on your stones.

Water in a Japanese garden

Japan is an island state, so it is not at all surprising that water is mandatory element any garden. Water in Japanese gardens is used only in the form of natural reservoirs. It may pond, running stream or waterfall, but not a fountain. Water will add a new dimension to your garden, gently absorbing unwanted sounds and attracting wildlife.

If the creation of reservoirs is impractical for some reason, a dry stream can symbolize water. Dry streams created from gravel and smooth stones. From a design point of view, such a stream carries the same meaning as water - not only to create a contrast next to the plants growing along the banks, but to subordinate the landscape to a single leitmotif, allowing the use of plants that naturally grow near water. A skillfully created, dry stream can create the feeling that the water in it has just dried up, and an occasional rain will bring it back to life.

A sea created from gravel will give you more worries than a dry stream. The pattern made on gravel seems to imitate small whirlpools and turbulences of water around the stones.

The use of water has a very deep meaning in Japanese gardens. The sight and sound of its continuous flow reminds us of the transience of time. Often bodies of water intersect bridges. Like paths, bridges mark a journey. In Japanese, the word for "bridge" also means "edge". Bridges symbolize the transition from one world to another - an integral theme in all Japanese art.

Plants of the Japanese garden

Although plants play a secondary role after stones in a Japanese garden, they are still an integral part of it. If stones symbolize immutability and constancy, then trees, shrubs and flowers help you see seasonal changes.

In the classic Japanese garden, as we have already noted, the main importance is given to recreating natural landscape, usually using water and stone. Plants are assigned the role of an elegant “wrapper” that decorates the topography of the garden. That is why plants should be selected very carefully and economically, and in no case should you strive to create a collection garden densely filled with exotic Japanese species. There may be very few plants used - in Japan you can find gardens of only rhododendrons!

There is no need to plant only the species beloved by the Japanese. Very often they turn out to be sensitive to our frosts. Usually it is easy for them to find a replacement from plants that are more adapted to our conditions. For example, the main coniferous species in the Japanese garden are thunberg pine(Pinus thunbergii) and dense-flowered pine(Pinus densiflora). It is better to replace them with species more familiar to our region, especially since dense-flowered pine is a close relative of our good friend - Scots pine (P. silvestris). The main thing is to find a good balance of several ornamental trees and shrubs interspersed with beautiful flowering perennials, cereals, bamboos and ferns.

Trees valued by the Japanese weeping forms, having spherical contours, and among ornamental and flowering shrubs, preference is given to plants that are easy to trim, in order, again, to give them the appearance of hemispheres. As accents that break the monotony of spherical shapes, the composition includes tall grasses, ferns and bamboo.

There are a lot of plants that can be used to create a Japanese garden in a temperate climate, here are some of the most popular ones:

Ornamental trees :

Common cherry

Many people definitely want to have sakura in the garden in order to perform the spring ritual of admiring Japanese cherries. Of course, sakura grow not only in the subtropics, but in our area it can still be uncomfortable. So, it is better for residents of our region to remember their native cherries. Particularly close to southern cherry trees Common cherry f. Raksa.

Palm maple

Almost all types of maple are of interest as very ornamental plants. Beautiful patterns of leaves of different shapes, bright autumn colors, original inflorescences and fruits, pattern of bark and color of shoots have long attracted people’s attention to them. Almost all species are good honey plants. They began to be used for landscaping purposes from the first steps of the development of gardening. They are used in single and group plantings; low forms are planted in tubs. Pairs well with dark conifers.

Scots pine

The priority in the Japanese garden, without a doubt, belongs to the pine tree. She is a symbol of durability, courage, willpower. The choice of pine trees for planting in a Japanese garden depends on its size. Garden areas in Japan are very small, so it has long been customary to shape trees, weakening their growth and giving the crown an expressive shape. In modern Japanese gardens, mountain pine is sometimes used without shaping, preserving its natural lodging appearance. Pines form the structural basis of the garden and serve as its skeletal plants.

Decorative moldable shrubs

Barberry Thunberg

The most beautiful of the deciduous barberries, with yellowish, bright red or purple-red, later purple-brown shoots. Barberries are used in solitary and group plantings, in rock gardens, and as a ground cover plant. The variety of varieties simply gives the gardener unlimited scope for imagination.

Hawthorn

cotoneaster

The main attractiveness of cotoneasters is the combination of strong branching, original foliage and varied growth forms. Small white or pink flowers are not very decorative, but the dense crown of dark green shiny leaves that turn red in the fall is appreciated. These shrubs are easy to form and retain their shape for a long time. In addition, at the end of summer, their decorative effect is enhanced by the abundance of bright red or black fruits that hang on the branches for a long time.

Beautiful flowering perennials

Tree peony

An outstandingly beautiful shrub, reaching a height of 1.5-2 m, with large bright green leaves. One bush can have from 30 to 70 flowers. The diameter of each is from 20 to 25 cm. The color of the petals is white, pink, crimson, lilac with a dark crimson spot at the base. Large numerous stamens with bright yellow anthers are clearly visible. There are forms with double and semi-double flowers. The plant is decorative even after flowering due to the unusual shape of the leaves and fruits.

Rhododendron

Chrysanthemum

The culture of decorative garden chrysanthemums has a thousand-year history. In Japan they are considered the national flower. The chrysanthemum is traditionally depicted on coins and the state emblem of Japan, and one of the country's highest honors is the Order of the Chrysanthemum. The Chrysanthemum Festival in the Land of the Sun is a special ritual: while performing it, one must admire every shade of the inflorescences, while one must think deeply about the path traveled and the meaning of life.

Cereals, bamboos, ferns

Adiantum stopiform

One of the most beautiful ferns that grow well in the conditions of Central Russia. This is an unusually graceful openwork plant from the broad-leaved forests of North America and East Asia, up to 60 cm tall with flat, fan-shaped leaves on thin, shiny, black petioles. It is not inferior in beauty to tropical representatives of the genus. Looks good both individually and in group plantings. Adiantum is so beautiful that it needs to be planted in plain sight.

Miscanthus

One of the most popular ornamental grasses in gardening. No species can compete with it in the beauty of plants, the variety of varieties and forms and methods of application in garden design. Almost all miscanthus have a long period of decorativeness - from spring to late winter. In autumn, their foliage turns various shades of yellow, brown, and burgundy. The unusually beautiful miscanthus inflorescences are used to create dry floral arrangements.

Saza

One of the most cold-resistant bamboos, the only genus of bamboo growing wild in Russia. Naturally, it is preferable to plant bamboos in gardens created in oriental style, against the backdrop of decorative pools and streams. Tall bamboos can be used as a characteristic feature of Japanese gardens. Rot-resistant, durable and beautiful bamboo sticks are a wonderful ornamental material for decorating a Japanese garden. An essential plant for compositions that imitate Japanese gardens in Russian conditions.

Main garden

The main garden is a garden for a pleasant pastime for all family members. It is advisable to place it closer to living rooms, but it can also be arranged in connection with tea room, living room or to form the main part large garden as a recreation area. This is a garden that is center home life , therefore it requires the widest space and good sunlight. A terrace or veranda often opens onto the main garden, but it must be borne in mind that if the main garden itself is not too large, then the terrace will make it seem even smaller. If the area is cramped, only the main garden is laid out on the site. Sometimes it becomes universal, including elements of other gardens.

The area of the garden in front of the living room, used for receiving guests, can be allocated as a separate functional unit, but more often it is part of the main garden, giving it a more businesslike character. You can take the table and chairs there and receive guests outside the home.

The type of main garden is an important point in the formation of the residential area as a whole. The garden also influences the house itself. Depending on its type, the garden may look better or worse.
The stages of planning a Japanese garden differ little from the European one.

Front garden

It's called the front garden area from the gate to the entrance to the house, which includes a path and plants on both sides. This is the busiest place, since everyone coming into and leaving the house passes through it, and special attention should be paid to its design. It is by the style, character, and mood of the front garden that the new guest gets an idea about the site, the house and the owners. In a sense it is similar roji on the way to tea pavilion, so it’s better if the passage from the gate to the hallway is not too short. Sometimes for this purpose it is made somewhat curved, decorated with plants, which also helps create the illusion of more space.

The main requirement for a path is ease of walking along it. This must be observed especially carefully when using natural stones, the surface of which is rarely completely smooth. If the path is laid from tobiishi, preferably, the gaps between the stones should not be too large. It is important to coordinate with the step width not only these intervals, but also distances between the centers of stones. In case of using cut stones or concrete slabs it is preferable to make them two steps long. If there is a paved area in front of the entrance to the house, then it is usually made of the same material as the path, but it is perhaps better to avoid dark stones and material on which dirt is easily visible.

The garden behind the doors- this is approximately what is called in European countries winter garden or interior landscaping. It is located indoors, usually in common areas such as a living room, dining room, hallway, and is increasingly becoming part of the everyday life of the Japanese, since due to growing urbanization there is simply no other opportunity to bring nature into a city home. Often, when creating a garden outside the doors, one is limited to a beautiful arrangement of plants in containers.

Japanese garden care

When choosing the type of garden, do not forget about its subsequent service. For lovers big trees It should be remembered that over time they can become too large, creating thickening and disrupting the original composition. If these trees are evergreen, they will provide too much shade and the garden may become gloomy and gloomy. If the trees are deciduous, then in the fall a lot of foliage accumulates under them, creating difficulties during cleaning, especially if there are surfaces covered with gravel or ponds nearby.

First place the stones correctly, then the trees, then the bushes.

Follow the basic principles of creating a Japanese garden. This will help you recreate its atmosphere and convey the mood.

If a garden was created in Japan, it is a Japanese garden. All we can do here is create Japanese style garden.

Flowers. Residents of the Celestial Empire carefully monitor nature. The East is generally characterized by an attachment to everything fresh, real, to the miracle of emerging life.

Celebrating naturalness

Many botanists are of the opinion that the world of Chinese flora is one of the richest and most colorful on the planet. An example is the Japanese flower park called Ashikaga, located on the island of Honshu. Delicate wisteria of different shades, broom and plum, daffodils and muscari grow here. Tulips, azaleas and rhododendrons, as well as roses, hydrangeas, petunias, irises and clematis amaze visitors to the park with their colorful palette. You can also see the delightful lushness of nature by heading to Tokyo, where the Kawachi Fuji Garden is located, or to Hatachi Seaside Park in the city of Hitachinaka.

If you come to this wonderful state, you will see how nature is valued and protected on its territory.

Most residents are fond of floriculture; in their garden beds you can see a flower that is unusual for Europeans. The Japanese mentality has positive features: the desire to protect the environment is instilled in these people from childhood. Many of the local plants cannot be found in other countries.

The country has a mild climate, which contributes to the growth of many types of flora. There is also enough moisture and sun, due to which such natural masterpieces are born. Local botanists are trying to improve natural plants, experimenting, creating new shades, making the buds more lush.

National traditions

Many people know about such a hobby as ikebana. This art originated in Japan, where amateurs first began to beautifully arrange flowers. In the Celestial Empire, careful attention is paid to the so-called art of flora. It includes the beliefs of the local residents, bordering on mysticism. There are special cults, the center of which is a flower.

A Japanese person lives with the knowledge that admiring flowers should be an integral part of his life, because such a pastime helps to feel delight and enjoy moments of nature’s blossom. This process has its own name - hanami. It is combined with a meal. Traditional Japanese flowers are placed on the tables during lunch.

Exotic is close

Each of us has repeatedly seen Japanese flowers in local latitudes. The names of some are also very well known, such as chrysanthemum, which is loved all over the world. If in our country the flower grows in summer and autumn, then in its homeland the exotic beauty pleases the eye already in the first months of spring.

There are many species of this plant, which sometimes outshine even roses in their beauty. There are many authors who praise this flower. The Japanese language conveys all the tenderness and awe with which people treat this miracle of nature. You can not only admire it, but also make it an element of dishes and teas, which the flower perfectly complements. Interesting exhibitions are held in honor of this plant, where you can look at beautiful compositions that amaze the imagination of an inexperienced art connoisseur.

Garden beauty

Chrysanthemum can be kept at home. It has a compact size due to the fact that flowers are planted in flowerpots, taken from greenhouses, where they grow from seeds. To stop growth, special drugs are administered. Also, thanks to them, the plant acquires a decorative appearance.

When buying a cutting, you can end up with a fairly large shoot that is more suitable for a garden setting. In order to avoid this, you need to know the subtleties of care. They reproduce in different ways: by cuttings, dividing the bush; true lovers of these plants take Japanese flower seeds.

The first two methods are very simple. You need to take 3-5 cuttings and plant them in one pot. After flowering, the branches need to be pruned. Wintering should take place at temperature conditions close to zero. It is best to place the pot in the cellar. shoots will appear. This is an excellent time to transplant to new land. If the flower is old, you can do without it, although a fresh environment will always benefit the plant. If the chrysanthemum has developed well, you can start collecting cuttings that will be used to grow new bushes. This is a beautiful and unpretentious flower that gives joy to everyone who decorates their home with it.

Refined beauty

Sakura also deserves admiration - the most popular japanese tree. Its flower has an unusual soft color. Hanami, as a rule, is dedicated to him. On television you can see forecasts of the time of flowering of trees in individual cities. Thus, citizens prepare for admiration, as if for a ceremony.

There are a huge number of parks and gardens planted with these plants. They look truly fabulous, giving admiration and peace. Sakura - this or sharp-serrated. The tree can reach a height of 25 meters, has large leaves, which in autumn take on a dark purple or even brown color. Each brush, which is 5 cm long, contains about 8 flowers.

Subtleties of handling

Flowering is observed in March-June. Are often formed pink flowers, although in Japan you can find not only them. There are parks that contain several dozen species of this tree. It can withstand cold weather and grows gradually. When buds appear, it is better to water the roots additionally, especially if there is little rain.

The earth sometimes lacks potassium and nitrogen, organic substances, which can make growth difficult. To solve this problem, use manure and humus, organic and mineral fertilizers. In addition, it is worth trimming branches that have dried out and are weighing down the crown. This is best done in the spring, before the sap begins to move down the trunk. This operation should be carried out by a specialist so as not to harm the sakura.

To get new trees, you need to propagate using seeds or root shoots. Cuttings and grafting are also suitable if we are talking about varietal cherry trees.

Beautiful children of the earth

Benibana is another unusual and interesting flower. The Japanese people love it for its bright scarlet color. When it blooms in summer, it seems as if a red carpet has covered the mountains, like poppies in our fields. The plant belongs to the chrysanthemum family, and its external features are similar to thistles.

Another wonderful flower is the orchid, which is often depicted in the paintings of Japanese masters. Interestingly, it came to the Celestial Empire from South America. The climate here is quite suitable for her. Japanese scientists are conducting experiments in which the color and shape of the petals change, or reproduction occurs in a new way.

Secrets of a successful gardener

For an orchid to grow well, you need to work on it correctly organized lighting. It must be diffuse. Direct rays of the sun will only do harm. If everything is done correctly, you will be able to regularly see the beautiful flowers of this plant. When mistakes are made, the leaves turn yellow and elongated shape. In summer, you should not leave the orchid on the windowsill; it is better to put it in light shade, otherwise a burn may occur. She adapts very slowly to bright light after winter cold. You can use plastic or film.

In autumn, darkening should be eliminated because natural light not so strong anymore. At this time, there comes a period when the orchid experiences dormancy, shoots and buds are formed for future flowers. Not only the strength, but also the duration of illumination is also important. This plant should be exposed to light for at least half a day. You can't leave it in the shade for a long time. To solve this problem, you should use artificial light.

Quality care

You always want there to be more beauty, so gardeners ask questions about propagating this beautiful flower. To do everything right, you need to have a solid stock of knowledge. You can divide a larger plant. Some disconnect shoots that grow on the sides. Cuttings from above are also good for replanting. Bulbs are also suitable for these purposes.

Or you can go more the hard way and grow a flower from a seed. When the soil lump is destroyed, the plant can be damaged, so you need to act with extreme caution so as not to touch the hairs of the roots, because it is thanks to them that the orchid feeds.

Sometimes you can cut the pot to get it right, but root system will remain unharmed. Jewelry work involves cutting off old parts. The top is not covered with substrate. When it comes to trimming the flower stalk, you can get rid of it completely or partially in the part where the flower grew. The plant has buds that are in a dormant state. Lateral peduncles and offspring appear from them.

One must truly love nature in order to learn all the intricacies of handling it and provide a person with mutual understanding with the environment. The Japanese do this well, from whom we borrowed a large number of beautiful plants that give pleasure and peace of mind just by looking at them. Celestial Empire - region spiritual development and close interaction with nature.

Today, very often homeowners want to decorate their summer cottage in the Japanese style. Business card Not only rock gardens, but also flower gardens are considered Japanese culture. After all, as you know, eastern countries can boast of their amazing flora and the ability to recreate from it truly original compositions. In addition, the Japanese have special feelings for flowers, investing in them a certain symbolism. Floriculture in eastern countries They are engaged both on a large scale, organizing delightful flower gardens, and privately on their estates.

The Japanese have special respect for the “art of flora”, admire the beauty of flowering plants, use them to decorate their homes and dining tables. For example, not a single tea ceremony takes place without decorating the table with flowers grown in your own garden. It is worth saying that today it is possible to grow Japanese flowers in our country, even taking into account the climate of our latitudes. Next, we’ll talk about the names of Japanese flowers and how you can decorate your area with them.

Features of traditional Japanese flowers

The features of traditional Japanese flowers include the following:

Japanese plants grow in mild and warm climates, so appropriate conditions should be created for them in order to prolong and improve their survival rate in our latitudes.
Beautiful Japanese flowers love plenty of moisture, so such plants should be watered regularly at certain intervals. However, it is also not worth showing excessive zeal, since stagnation of moisture can provoke rotting of the roots and the development of a disease such as gray rot.
Varieties of Japanese flowers should be planted in sunny meadows, since in the shade or partial shade their flowering will not be as bright.
The Japanese are always experimenting with plants, adding something new to their varieties. For example, when breeding varieties, they try to cross plants so that the flowering of new flowers is more abundant and lush.
Japanese flowers are designed to decorate not only summer cottages in a “living” form, but will also be an excellent addition to arranged ikebana.

Landscape planning for a summer cottage and Japanese flower garden

Before planting Japanese flowers, you should definitely draw up a design for the landscape of your summer cottage and a plan for the future flower garden. So, if we take into account the beginning of the 90s, it can be noted that the builders and designers of that time faced many obstacles that they could not overcome due to the poor development of the architectural industry. Today, even the specific topography that the regions of our country have is not an obstacle to the construction of beautiful summer cottages.

As you know, many regions of Russia cannot boast of a uniform relief, since in some places the height difference is several meters. Such a landscape is a significant obstacle to further design of flower beds and country garden. The Japanese flower garden is no exception, for decoration of which it is advisable to choose a flat and horizontal area. The primary task in such a situation is to strengthen the crumbling soil. To strengthen the slope, it is possible to use special mesh structures - gabions. They do not require a special foundation or cladding, so they are very convenient for landscaping.

The uneven terrain, in addition to steep slopes, poses other obstacles to the arrangement of Japanese gardens - these are obstacles in the form of decay between two hills. Sometimes builders solve this problem by building a special “dam” that fits perfectly into the landscape. The resulting “dam” can be decorated with a structure alpine slides, waterfalls, miniature ponds, etc.

When arranging the landscape of a summer cottage in the Japanese style, a huge role is given to design work, since during their implementation it is possible to conduct an ideal analysis of the existing territory, taking into account all the features. Then, based on analytical data and measurements, it is possible to draw up a successful project for the future site, and thereby find rational decision, which after a certain time will be able to make your dream come true.

Decor garden plot Japanese style will provide you with large area for creativity. The garden can be decorated with different characters in the form of stone sculptures. IN Lately Various characters and animals became popular. For example, these could be unusually shaped flower pots. In general, any object that can be skillfully combined with plants will become a bright decorative detail that gives your garden individuality.

Schemes of Japanese flower beds at the dacha

Once you have decided which Japanese flowers you want to grow in your summer cottage, you should draw up a flower garden diagram.

The main difference between Japanese flower beds is that flower beds here must be combined with stone compositions. Japanese-style rockeries include evergreen low-growing shrubs and trees, as well as stone figures.

You can use one of the proposed schemes:

Names and characteristics of Japanese flowers

The following crops can be considered traditional Japanese plants:

Chrysanthemum.
Benibana.
Sakura.
Sophora.
Orchid.
Japanese rose.
Camellia japonica.

Japanese rose flowers

The second name of the culture is Eustoma (lat. Eustoma). The Japanese rose reaches a height of 70 cm. There are also low-growing varieties plants. Blooms brightly and large flowers shaped like a funnel.

Rules for planting crops:

The plant should be sown in early spring. Before this, the seeds are carefully prepared for planting and a stratification procedure is carried out.
The first shoots appear 14 days after planting. The sprouts are planted at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.
The plant should be watered regularly during its life.
Complex fertilizers are applied twice a year.

Camellia japonica flowers

Camellia japonica belongs to the Tea family (Theaceae). It grows as low-growing evergreen shrubs. The leaves have an oval shape. Blooms with flowers big size having pink or red color.

Planting and care rules:

Plant the crop in partial shade.
Camellia flower beds should be watered evenly to avoid stagnation of water.
They feed the culture mineral fertilizers in March and late summer.

Japanese chrysanthemum

It is worth saying that the chrysanthemum, which is familiar to all summer residents in Russia, is also a favorite flower of the Japanese. This culture is often found in the national poetry and prose of Japan. In addition, chrysanthemum is often added to add a piquant taste to the tea drink at tea ceremonies. Japanese chrysanthemums bloom with bright colors during the flowering period. This crop is also beautiful during the budding period.

Chrysanthemum belongs to perennial crops. They are planted in sunny meadows with well-drained soil. Feed flower beds with chrysanthemums in late spring. For this purpose, potash fertilizers are used.

Sophora japonica - plants and flowers

Sophora japonica is also called Japanese acacia. Belongs to the genus Legumes. In total, there are more than 50 varieties of this plant. Grows as shrubs or low-growing trees. The branches of the culture have a curved shape. Foliage in summer period turns bright green.

The plant should be planted exclusively in sunny meadows, as it loves abundant sunlight. If you plant a crop in the northern regions, then it is worth organizing additional lighting in the flowerbed using a phytolamp.
The temperature in the area where the crop grows should be maintained at a level of +1 to +12 degrees.
The crop should be watered once every 7-14 days.
Fertilizers are applied at the root of the crop at the beginning of winter. Complex mineral fertilizers are suitable for this.

Japanese sakura flower

The name of this plant is directly associated with Japan and its original culture. In this country, there are special charts that display the flowering dates of certain varieties of sakura. This is necessary so that local residents can certain days visit Japanese flower gardens and personally enjoy the blooming of this majestic plant. Sakura is an integral component of all landscape gardening compositions in Japan.

Benibana

It is not for nothing that this flower is called mythical, since it blooms in very unusual colors - orange with a bright crimson tint. Flowering of the crop is observed in the summer. Benibana belongs to the chrysanthemum genus. Externally, the flower looks like a thistle.

Orchid

This plant thrives in the Japanese climate. In our latitudes, orchids are most often grown at home on a windowsill, since this plant is very demanding of care. Drainage is poured into the bottom of the pot. The soil should be used specialized, store-bought and designed specifically for orchids.

Design of a garden plot in Japanese style and small landscape forms

When designing the landscape of a Japanese flower garden, small landscape forms are often used. This concept hides all sorts of small decorative details that will help you make your garden unique. This includes gazebos, canopies, various sculptures, fountains, columns. Garden furniture and barbecue equipment are also considered small landscape items. The use of such details turns the design of a garden plot into a real art.

If you need to divide the territory into zones, then various kinds of decorative walls, screens, gratings, pavilions, gazebos and other similar structures will suit you for this purpose. They can help implement several ideas on one site. For example, make a corner wildlife, and next to it, recreate this or that composition from stone.

If you decide to use decorative grilles, then do not forget that they are also an excellent frame for vertical gardening. In general, any vertical structure that you place in a Japanese garden will serve as a platform where you can place vines and various arrangements in decorative baskets. Such structures are usually made of wood, but are sometimes made of metal rods or even bamboo.