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Soil cover is the most important natural formation. Its role in the life of society is determined by the fact that soil is a source of food, providing 95-97% of food resources for the planet's population. The productivity of terrestrial ecosystems depends on heat and water balances earth's surface, which determine the variety of forms of exchange of energy and matter within geographic envelope planets. Land resources planets allow us to provide food more population than is currently available. However, due to population growth, especially in developing countries, soil degradation, pollution, erosion, etc.; and also due to the allocation of land for the development of cities, towns and industrial enterprises, the amount of arable land per capita is sharply reduced. Human impact on soil – component overall influence human society on earth's crust and its upper layer, on nature as a whole, especially increased in the age of scientific and technological revolution. At the same time, not only does human interaction with the earth intensify, but also the main features of interaction change. The “soil-man” problem is complicated by urbanization, the increasing use of land and its resources for industrial and housing construction, and the growing need for food. By the will of man, the nature of the soil changes, soil formation factors change - relief, microclimate, new rivers appear, etc. Under the influence of industrial and agricultural pollution, soil properties and soil-forming processes, potential fertility change, the technological and nutritional value of agricultural products decreases, etc. Pollution natural environment- a complex process associated with human activity. The author of a fundamental summary on ecology, Yu. Odum, points out that “pollution is natural resources that are in the wrong place,” because they are alien natural ecosystems and, accumulating in them, disrupt the processes of matter and energy circulation, reduce their productivity, and affect people’s health. In the book by François Ramada (1981) “Fundamentals applied ecology"The following definition of pollution is given: "Pollution is an unfavorable change environment; which is wholly or partly the result of human activity, directly or indirectly changes the distribution of incoming energy, radiation levels, physico-chemical properties of the environment and the conditions of existence of living beings. These changes can affect humans directly or through agricultural inputs, water or other biological products (substances). They can also affect humans, worsening physical properties objects in his property, conditions for recreation in nature and disfiguring it itself." A pollutant can be any physical agent, chemical substance and biological species that enters the environment or occurs in it in quantities beyond its normal concentration, limiting quantities, extreme natural fluctuations or average natural background at the time in question. The main indicator characterizing the impact of pollutants on the environment is the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). In accordance with the degree of resistance to pollutants, soils are distinguished: 1. very stable; 2. sustainable; 3. moderately stable; 4. low-stable; 5. very little stable.

Surface soil layers are easily polluted. Large concentrations of various chemical compounds and toxicants in the soil have a detrimental effect on the vital activity of soil organisms. In this case, the soil’s ability to self-purify itself from pathogens and other unwanted microorganisms is lost, which is fraught with serious consequences for humans, flora and fauna. For example, in heavily contaminated soils, pathogens of typhus and paratyphoid can persist for up to one and a half years, while in unpolluted soils only for two to three days.

Main soil pollutants:

1) pesticides (toxic chemicals);

2) mineral fertilizers;

3) waste and industrial waste;

4) gas and smoke emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere;

5) oil and petroleum products.

More than a million tons are produced annually worldwide pesticides. In Russia alone, more than 100 individual pesticides are used, with a total annual production volume of ¾ 100 thousand tons. The areas most contaminated with pesticides are Krasnodar region And Rostov region(on average about 20 kg per 1 ha). In Russia, there is about one kilogram of pesticides per inhabitant per year; in many other developed industrial countries of the world this value is significantly higher (Losev et al., 1993). World production pesticides are constantly increasing.

Currently, many scientists equate the impact of pesticides on public health to the impact of radioactive substances on humans. It has been reliably established that when using pesticides, along with a slight increase in yield, there is an increase in the species composition of pests, the nutritional quality and safety of products deteriorate, natural fertility is lost, etc.

According to scientists, the vast majority of pesticides used end up in the environment (water, air), bypassing the target species. Pesticides cause profound changes in the entire ecosystem, affecting all living organisms, while humans use them to destroy a very limited number of species of organisms. As a result, intoxication of a huge number of other biological species is observed ( beneficial insects, birds) until their extinction. In addition, people try to use much more pesticides than necessary, and further aggravate the problem.

Among pesticides, the greatest danger is persistent organochlorine compounds(DDT, HCB, HCH), which can persist in soils for many years and even their small concentrations as a result of biological accumulation can become dangerous to the life of organisms. But even in minute concentrations pesticides suppress immune system body, and more high concentrations have pronounced mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Once in the human body, pesticides can cause not only fast growth malignant neoplasms, but also affect the body genetically, which can pose a serious danger to health and future generations. That is why the use of the most dangerous of them, ¾ DDT, is prohibited in our country and in a number of other countries.

Thus, we can confidently state that the overall environmental harm from the use of soil-polluting pesticides many times exceeds the benefits from their use.

The impact of pesticides is very negative not only for humans, but also for all fauna and flora. The vegetation cover turned out to be very sensitive to the action of pesticides, not only in the areas of its application, but also in places quite remote from them, due to the transfer of pollutants by wind or surface runoff water (Fig. 15.2).

Rice. 15.2. Movement of pesticides in the biosphere. A significant portion of pesticides
does not reach the cultivated area, is demolished and settles in more or less
remote ecosystems (after Rudd, 1971, as modified)

Pesticides can penetrate plants from contaminated soil through root system, accumulate in biomass and subsequently infect food chain. When spraying pesticides, significant intoxication of birds (avifauna) is observed. Populations of song and migratory thrushes, larks and other passerines are particularly affected.

The work of domestic and foreign researchers has irrefutably proven that soil contamination with pesticides causes not only human intoxication and large number species of animals, but also leads to a significant disruption of reproductive functions and, as a consequence, to severe demo-ecological consequences. Long-term use of pesticides is also associated with the development of resistant races of pests and the emergence of new pests whose natural enemies have been destroyed.

Soils become polluted and mineral fertilizers, if they are used in excessive quantities, they are lost during production, transportation and storage. From nitrogen, superphosphate and other types of fertilizers, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides and other compounds migrate into the soil in large quantities. B. Commoner (1975) found that under the most favorable conditions of all nitrogen fertilizers, used in the USA, is absorbed by plants 80%, and the national average is only 50%. This leads to disruption of the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen, phosphorus and some other elements. Environmental consequences This disturbance is most pronounced in the aquatic environment, in particular during the formation of eutrophy, which occurs when excess amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements are washed off from the soil.

Recently, another unfavorable aspect of excessive consumption of mineral fertilizers and primarily nitrates has been identified. It turned out that a large amount of nitrates reduces the oxygen content in the soil, and this contributes to an increased release of two “greenhouse” gases into the atmosphere - nitrous oxide and methane. Nitrates are also dangerous for humans. Thus, when nitrates enter the human body in concentrations above 50 mg/l, their direct general toxic effect is noted, in particular the occurrence of methemoglobinemia due to the biological transformations of nitrates into nitrites and other toxic nitrogen compounds.

Excessive use of mineral fertilizers causes undesirable acidification of soils in a number of areas.

Lead to intense soil pollution waste And production waste. The country annually generates over a billion tons of industrial waste, of which more than 50 million tons are particularly toxic. Huge areas of land are occupied by landfills, ash dumps, tailings dumps, etc., which intensively pollute soils, the ability of which to self-purify, as is known, is limited.

Gas and smoke emissions from industrial enterprises pose enormous harm to the normal functioning of soils.

According to numerous studies, soil has the ability to accumulate pollutants that are very dangerous to human health, for example, heavy metals (Table 15.1). Near a mercury plant, the mercury content in the soil due to gas and smoke emissions can increase to a concentration hundreds of times higher than permissible.

Table 15.1

Consequences of exposure to certain heavy metals on human health ka

Significant amounts of lead are contained in soils located in close proximity to highways. The results of the analysis of soil samples taken at a distance of several meters from the road show a 30-fold increase in the concentration of lead compared to its content (20 μg/g) in the soil of unpolluted areas (Air pollution..., 1988).

According to the Russian Agrochemical Service (1997), almost 0.4 million hectares in our country were contaminated with copper, lead, cadmium, etc. Even more land was contaminated with radionuclides and radioactive isotopes as a result of the Chernobyl disaster.

Land pollution is becoming one of Russia's serious environmental problems. oil And petroleum products in such oil-producing regions as Western Siberia, the Middle and Lower Volga region, etc. Causes of pollution ¾ accidents on main and in-field oil pipelines, imperfect oil production technology, emergency and technological emissions, etc. As a result, for example, in certain areas of Tyumen and Tomsk areas of concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils exceed background values ​​by 150-250 times. In the Tyumen North, the area of ​​reindeer pastures decreased by 12.5%, i.e. by 6 million hectares, and 30 thousand hectares were oil-contaminated. In Western Siberia, over 20 thousand hectares have been identified contaminated with oil, the thickness of which is at least five centimeters (State report..., 1995).

A significant threat to human health is posed by soil pollution by various pathogens, which can penetrate the human body as follows (Rozanov, 1984):

¨ secondly, through the chain animals ¾ soil ¾ people. There are a number of animal diseases that are transmitted to humans (leptosoriasis, anthrax, tularemia, Q fever, etc.) through direct contact with soil contaminated with secretions of infected animals;

¨ thirdly, through the soil-human chain, when pathogenic organisms enter the human body through direct contact (tetanus, botulism, mycoses, etc.).

Soil is the top layer of the lithosphere, which people often call "ground". It is thanks to him that a person can cultivate crops. Taken from the soil nutrients trees and other vegetation that animals eat. This layer is the basis for all food chains. Without it, human existence is impossible, since people receive 97% of their nutrition from the earth.

Types of pollution

Exist various sources soil pollution. It is customary to divide them into natural and anthropogenic. The first arise without human participation as a result of biological processes. In this case, pollutants from another natural environment enter the soil. For example, as a result of weathering of mountains, volcanic eruptions, precipitation, sediment from rivers, etc. However, the percentage of negative impacts is usually small and cannot cause significant damage to ecosystems.

Anthropogenic pollution occurs as a result of human activities. Bulk harmful substances brings equipment. For example, due to the heavy use of cars, lead pollution occurs in the soil. Agriculture also uses a lot of chemicals: pesticides, growth inhibitors, mineral fertilizers.

All substances can be divided into 2 groups: chemical ( various elements Periodic tables and their compounds) and biological (helminths, protozoa, bacteria and viruses).

Why is it dangerous?

Scientists believe that the sharp deterioration in public health is associated with chemical pollution of the environment. The fact is that the soil is a kind of “buffer” where persistent chemical compounds accumulate. It is also the starting point on a “journey” along trophic chains. It is difficult to list all sources of soil pollution. Pictures can clearly show what is happening to the planet.

The negative effects of chemicals on humans can be expressed as follows:

• Toxic effect.
• The appearance of allergies of various types.
• Many substances can cause mutations.
• Carcinogenic effect.
• Violation of human reproductive functions.
• The occurrence of developmental defects in children and embryos.
• In high concentrations as a result of accumulation individual elements can lead to death.

Some substances can act complexly, others selectively. For example, eating plants with a high content of cadmium leads to permanent damage to the skeleton and its deformation. Mercury strikes nervous system, and lead - internal organs and brain.

Main sources of soil and environmental pollution

Due to the active use of natural resources, technological progress and a number of other factors, the process of soil pollution becomes inevitable. At this stage of development, a person can reduce his negative impact on the environment. People pollute the soil various substances. These are like:

• Household waste.
• Oil and products of its processing.
• Pesticides.
• Fertilizers.
• Radioactive substances.
• Traffic fumes.
• Chemical elements and their compounds.
• Heavy metals.

The main sources of soil pollution should be discussed separately.

Residential buildings and household businesses

In the process of life, a person often does not suspect what damage he causes to nature through his disdainful attitude towards it and the things he uses. After all, household waste is one of the main pollutants. To verify this, just drive to the nearest landfill. How much space does it take up, and how long will it take to process all the accumulated garbage through the efforts of nature alone? This process can take hundreds of years. The person will no longer exist, and the garbage left by him will still rot. Landfills are giant sources of soil pollution. Microbiology has been sounding the alarm on this issue for a long time.

It is also worth taking care of yourself and keeping your body clean. Human waste is the main source of contamination of soil and groundwater with biological “garbage”. Various pathogenic bacteria, helminth eggs and other representatives of pathogenic microflora enter the environment with feces. Once in the external environment, many microorganisms do not die. Thus, tetanus bacteria can remain viable for up to 12 years, ascaris eggs - 7-8 years.

Enterprises

We can talk for a long time about the harm caused by industry. However, in general outline The pollution scheme will look like this:

• Metallurgy enriches the soil with salts of non-ferrous and heavy metals.
• Mechanical engineering “shares” arsenic, potassium cyanide and other toxic elements.
• In the production of rubber, catalysts are by-products.
• The pulp and paper industry emits phenols and methanol.
• During the production of plastics, benzene and phenol appear as waste.

The list goes on. But it is already clear that the sources of soil pollution with heavy metals are enterprises. As a result of their activities, the earth is enriched with all kinds of chemical elements in quantities many times greater than its needs.

Thermal power engineering

This industry occupies separate place on the list of active pollutants. The fact is that when burning coal, a huge amount of slag is formed. Also, during combustion, sulfur oxides and soot are released. All unburnt particles eventually settle on the soil.

Agriculture

The agricultural complex has a very destructive impact to the ground. In an effort to protect plants from pests and pathogens, people use pesticides, and these are also sources of soil pollution. Poisonous substances directly enter the food chain and negatively affect plants, animals, and people. Pesticides and insecticides not only save crops, but also cause great harm to ecosystems. Some medications contain mercury.

Fertilizers are also unsafe. These chemicals are used to stimulate the growth of crops. However, large amounts of them can also be harmful. The fact is that mineral fertilizers are artificial and contain a concentrated dose of microelements. It is the excessive use of chemicals that leads to the formation of nitrates and nitrites, as well as many other harmful compounds.

Transport

As a result of the operation of internal combustion engines, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide are released. Sources of soil contamination with lead are cars and airplanes, or more precisely, their exhaust gases. This element enters plants and accumulates in human bodies. The substance is dangerous because it accumulates and slowly poisons a person. First, fatigue and insomnia appear. In later stages, damage to the brain and central nervous system occurs, which can lead to death. Every year, each car emits approximately 1 kg of lead onto the ground.

Gasoline is also used as fuel. Petroleum products enter the soil when refueling vehicles or when liquid is spilled.

Heavy metal pollution

One of the most insidious and dangerous. Heavy metals are those non-ferrous metals whose density is greater than that of iron. The most common are lead, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, and mercury. Their insidiousness lies in the fact that microdoses of these elements are necessary to ensure the normal functioning of living organisms and plants. These substances are responsible for providing many functions, but when the norm is exceeded, they accumulate in the body, become too concentrated and cause various serious diseases.

One of the most toxic substances is mercury. It is contained in many measuring instruments and when the vessel is damaged it enters the environment. A person can be poisoned by its vapors. Symptoms can range from nausea and weakness to death.

Lead is no less dangerous for humans. Too much of it can cause serious damage internal organs and CNS.

Zinc and copper are microelements commonly used in agriculture. They stimulate growth, suppress pathogenic bacteria, etc. However, when there is an excess of these substances in the soil, the opposite happens: plants are inhibited in their development, and productivity decreases.

How to neutralize sources of soil pollution and clean up the environment

To determine the level of soil contamination, it is necessary to take a test sample and analyze it. If the content of any elements exceeds permissible standards, this will be considered contamination.

When fighting for the purity of nature, it is important to identify sources of soil pollution and neutralize them. The set of measures should include:

• Development and use of waste-free production technologies.
• Control of emissions, their chemical composition and prevention of their release into the environment.
• Disinfection of household waste, wastewater treatment.
• Garbage recycling.
• Purification of vehicle exhaust gases.
• Transition to environmentally friendly means of transportation, search for environmentally friendly fuel.
• Usage alternative sources energy.
• Disinfection of already contaminated objects.

There are proven methods for clearing farmland. To reduce toxic effects, it is necessary to take into account the sources and types of soil pollution and their composition. For example, with an increased content of heavy metals, it is necessary to convert them into inaccessible or difficult-to-digest compounds. Then the chemical elements will not enter the plants and will not take part in the food chain.

One of the most common methods of neutralizing harmful compounds is liming the soil. Peat also makes heavy metals less available to plants. You can achieve a similar effect using mineral fertilizers. In this case, the chemical composition of the soil is taken into account and possible reactions between substances. For example, when applying phosphorus fertilizers, the cadmium concentration decreases by 53%, when using peat - by 75%.

Soil is unique and priceless natural wealth. It is she who is able to provide a person with all the necessary food resources. Ignorant and careless human activities are the main causes of soil pollution.

Types of anthropogenic environmental degradation

Soil pollution can be chemical and physical. Noise, vibration, electromagnetic field, radioactive substances, thermal radiation are physical or energy pollution that arise due to anthropogenic activities. Every day the number and variety of new industrial and transport enterprises increases, chemical production. Chemicalization of agriculture can lead to permanent anthropogenic degradation of the environment. The causes of soil pollution are all kinds of xenobiotics that enter the ground through gaseous, liquid, and solid waste emissions.

Main sources of soil pollution

The country is getting worse every year due to man-made environmental degradation. Experts record crisis levels that are much higher acceptable standards. A large number of enterprises and factories emit gas, aerosol, and other harmful solid particles into the atmosphere. The scale of such pollution is regional and local.

Increasingly, in large and small cities, you can see liquid soluble as well as insoluble compounds being discharged into water bodies. In addition to all of the above, vapors of mineral acid and organic solvents are present - all these are causes of soil pollution.

Impact on the environment

Important and required type natural resource is land. Every year there is a constant deterioration in the condition of the soil, which depends on natural and anthropogenic factors. Agriculture significantly affects the general condition by provoking erosion, pollution, depletion, soil acidification, alkalinization, waterlogging, degradation, and gleyization.

Environmental soil pollution is an important topic that is discussed at scientific meetings. It is known that they are capable of influencing absolutely all components of the geosystem. The general condition of the soil cover is negatively affected by a decrease in the area occupied by natural plant formations. Man replaces it with agrocenoses. Constant plowing can lead to the complete disappearance of vegetation, as well as changes in the components of the water balance. This process occurs due to an increase in the total share of surface runoff. Subsequently, erosion processes may significantly intensify, changes in the structure of the soil may occur, and its basic water and physical properties may deteriorate. Due to heavy metals, all vegetation suffers.

The presence of strong and constant wind, climatic conditions with insufficient moisture levels during the season, the destruction of natural vegetation due to extreme heat - all this is environmental pollution of the soil.

Consequences of oil pollution of land cover

When petroleum hydrocarbons enter the soil, one can soon observe exceptional Negative consequences. In regions where intensive oil refining and oil production occur, the physical and chemical properties of the earth are rapidly transformed.

Regular contamination of the soil with oil can lead to a shift in the soil solution towards alkali. Elevated total carbon levels may often be observed. We should not forget about the significant change in the morphological properties of the earth, which consists of increased cutane formation. There may be a change after this color characteristics soil profile, as well as deterioration in the formation of any vegetation.

Experts and scientists were able to prove that soil contamination with oil is a fairly strong and critical impact on the presented natural resource. It may take more than a dozen years to return it to good condition.

Soil contamination with chemicals

IN modern world Technogenic intensification is developing at a rapid pace, which in every way contributes to pollution and dehumification of the earth. In this case, secondary salinization occurs, as well as various

The soil cover contains metals and pesticides, but due to inept and careless handling, the concentration of these substances can increase several times. Soil contamination from chemicals includes vehicle exhaust emissions, application of compost fertilizer, and more. Due to the ingress of chemicals into the soil, the levels of natural metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and copper increase several times.

Experts recommend using only natural, natural and biological methods. These include genetic methods and natural chemical compounds. Only if all rules are fully observed, soil contamination with chemicals will not occur. This must be taken into account!

Anthropogenic soil pollution

Anthropogenic sources of land degradation are stationary and non-stationary objects. It is worth noting that this includes industrial and Agriculture. Scientists have determined that household, household and energy facilities in most cases they become technogenic sources.

If we look from the point of view of the scale of impact on the environment and land, then anthropogenic soil pollution can be divided into global, regional and local. Mobile vehicles, which leave behind a large amount of exhaust gases, can affect the general condition of the soil cover.

The influence of pesticides on the state of the earth in the modern world

Pesticides are largely exclusively organic compounds. They have a small molecular weight and different solubility in water. In the modern world, soil is the successor to pesticides that decompose in it. Here the movement of the present substances into plants or the environment can occur.

Soil contamination with pesticides occurs when a large amount of this organic compound gets into the ground. It can lie in it for a long time after application. It is worth noting that pesticides include a whole range of different chemicals, which are designed to combat animals and plants.

As you can see, the causes of soil pollution can be varied. Some people do not even think that their usual actions sometimes have a detrimental effect on such a valuable resource as land.

According to WHO international expertise, soil pollutants are considered to be any chemical components, biological waste, waste products, as well as harmful biological organisms that accumulate in a place uncharacteristic for their habitat, in uncharacteristic quantities and have a pathogenic or atypical effect on the soil or the environment.

A soil pollutant is any chemical or biological substance that in one way or another negatively affects the human body or any other organism living/growing on it. It is important to take into account that soil pollution not only leads to a deterioration in biological processes in the body of a person or other living creature, but also negatively affects the atmosphere and the quality of groundwater.

Main sources of soil pollution

There can be several main sources of soil pollution:

Types of soil pollution and their features

All the main types of pollution that are registered and recognized as dangerous today can be divided into two large groups:

• Biological soil pollutants. This group includes all waste biological activity humans, animals, as well as rotten plants, groups of fungi, bacteria, viruses, helminths and many others.
• Chemical pollutants. This group includes all foreign and unnatural substances and organisms that, when accumulated in large quantities in the soil, cause mutations and disturbances.

Chemical pollutants, in turn, are of two types:

• Chemical substances, which were introduced into the soil intentionally. These include mainly agricultural products: growth stimulants for plants, fertilizers from chemical warehouses, pesticides, various soil disintegrants, substances for soil restructuring.
• Chemicals that have been introduced into the soil unintentionally. They are predominantly the result of evaporation or decomposition products during industrial activities of oil refineries, metallurgy, mechanical engineering plants, etc.

Regardless of the source of origin, all soil pollutants are harmful both to the soil itself and directly to the human body, as they seep into groundwater, and then evaporate into the atmosphere. Chemicals from the atmosphere fall out as acid rain, which leads to plant mutations and the formation of many diseases, the pathogenic effects of which on the human body sometimes cannot be eliminated.

What are the degrees of pollution?

In the process of solving a problem, experts must initially perform several necessary actions. Initially, soil that is considered potentially contaminated is checked for the presence of harmful substances of a biological and chemical nature, and the ratio of pollutants and beneficial natural substances is analyzed. The presence of foreign organisms in the soil is also checked in accordance with regulated standards. At the second stage of studying contaminated soil, environmental specialists must assess the scale of contamination and determine the source of harmful substances entering the soil.

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The degree of soil contamination and the influence of harmful substances may depend on several factors:

1) Soil pollution and the intensity of the spread of harmful substances are determined by the characteristics of the soil. On rapid pollution affects the ability of the soil to absorb chemical or biological substances.
2) The nature of pollutants also directly affects the rate and degree of soil contamination. Depending on the structure of the polluting substances, their volatility or solubility in water, the pollution can be mild or particularly acute.
3) The degree of soil contamination is directly affected by climatic and weather conditions in a certain area. Depending on the amount of precipitation, wind strength or air humidity, pollution can spread faster or, on the contrary, permeate the soil more slowly.
4) The level of pollution also depends on the availability of groundwater in the area being tested, as well as the amount of green space and biological organisms that contribute to the rapid spread of pollutants throughout the area.
5) The rate and nature of pollution are directly influenced by soil parameters that regulate the processes of degradation, breakdown and fermentation of biological or chemical elements. Depending on the content of useful biological elements and minerals in the soil, infection can occur at a slow or accelerated pace.

Regardless of the degree of infection, any foreign substances accumulated in the soil that are recognized as dangerous to the human body can lead to mutations and irreversible consequences. Toxic substances are considered the most dangerous among pollutants, since they lead to the development of allergies, bacterial reactions in the body, and infections.

The second important factor that is taken into account during pollution is the nature of the behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere. Depending on how quickly contaminants move through the air, seep into groundwater, or are absorbed by living organisms, contaminated soil is classified as contaminated.

How to eliminate and avoid soil contamination?

Today, the environmental community is sounding the global alarm and calling on citizens of all countries to especially carefully monitor the ecological state of the soil and atmosphere and, if possible, eliminate all pathogenic factors. The last few decades have led to the fact that almost a third of the planet’s soil is classified as moderate or acute levels of pollution. The result of this is acid rain, air pollution, and the development of many new infections and diseases for which no cure has yet been invented.

Human household waste is considered especially dangerous and harmful to the soil, since it does not decompose in the soil and can accumulate on the surface for many decades, thereby making it unsuitable for further use.

You can get rid of household waste and clean the soil from polluting factors as follows:

1) Before disposing of substances, you should pay attention to their toxicity and take this into account when choosing the place and method of disposal.
2) You should constantly monitor the storage time of garbage and dispose of it as soon as possible in accordance with regulated standards and regulations.
3) It is also important to remember about the safety and reliability of garbage transportation. This is especially important to consider when transporting toxic waste and chemical waste.
4) To minimize pollution, all waste should be pre-divided into those that are subject to disposal and those that can be further recycled.
5) It is also important to constantly monitor facilities in which environmentally hazardous production products are buried or disposed of. It is especially important to monitor the reliability of toxic substances disposal facilities.

Search for sources of soil pollution in "EcoTestExpress"

The EcoTestExpress laboratory provides modern services for the presence of chemical or biological pollutants, as well as assistance and advice on cleaning and disinfecting the soil for its further safe operation.

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