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October 20, 1919 - September 21, 2005

Born on October 20, 1919 in the Tatar village of Klyashevo (now Chishminsky district of Bashkortostan) into a peasant family. In 1941 he graduated from the Bashkortostan State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Language and Literature. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War and before the victories, Mustai Karim was at the front - he served as head of communications.

Mustai Karim began writing in the mid-30s. In 1938, his first book of poems, “The Troop Set Off,” was published, and in 1941, his second, “Voices of Spring.” Since then, he has published more than 100 collections of poetry and prose, and over 10 dramatic works.

The most famous works:
collections of poems and poems “Black Waters”, “Return”, “Europe-Asia”, “Times”, plays “Aigul Country”, “Abduction of a Girl”, “Into the Night” lunar eclipse", "Salavat. Seven Dreams through Reality”, “Don’t Throw Fire, Prometheus!”, the stories “The Joy of Our Home”, “Taganok”, “Pardon”, “Long, Long Childhood”. The works of Mustai Karim have been translated into dozens of languages ​​of Russia and the world.

From 1951 to 1962, Mustai Karim was the chairman of the board of the BASSR SP, from 1962 to 1984 - secretary of the board of the RSFSR SP. Member of the USSR SP since 1940. Mustai Karim combined his fruitful literary work with multilateral social activities.

The people's poet of Bashkiria Mustai Karim died after two heart attacks on September 21, 2005, while in the Republican Cardiological Dispensary in Ufa. He was buried in the Muslim cemetery in Ufa.

Titles and awards

• Hero of Socialist Labor (1979)
• Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (November 9, 2004) - for outstanding contribution to the development of domestic literature and many years of creative activity
• Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (April 28, 1995) - for services to the state, successes achieved in labor, science, culture, art, great contribution to strengthening friendship and cooperation between peoples
• two Orders of Lenin (1967, 1979)
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (1985)
• Order of the Patriotic War, II degree (1945)
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1955, 1962)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984)
• Order of the Red Star (1944)
• Order of the Badge of Honor (1949)
• Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1982)
• People's Poet of the BASSR (1963)
• Honorary Academician of the Academy of Sciences of Bashkortostan (1992)
• Lenin Prize (1984) - for the tragedy “Don’t Throw Fire, Prometheus!” and for the story “A Long, Long Childhood”
• USSR State Prize (1972) - for the collection of poems “After the Years” (1971)
• State Prize of the RSFSR named after K. S. Stanislavsky (1967) - for the play “Night of the Lunar Eclipse”, staged on the stage of the Bashkir ADT
• Republican Prize named after Salavat Yulaev (1967) - for the 1st volume of “Selected Works”
• International Prize named after M. A. Sholokhov in the field of literature and art (1999)
• Honorary diploma of the International Jury named after G.-H. Andersen (1978) - for the book “Waiting for News”

Memory

The National Youth Theater of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Ufa) and a street in Ufa are named after Mustai Karim.

Gymnasium No. 158 named after Mustai Karim

Mustay Karim (real name - Mustafa Safich Karimov; 1919-2005) - Bashkir Soviet poet, writer and playwright. People's Poet of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1963). Hero of Socialist Labor (1979). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1984) and the USSR State Prize (1972).
Born on October 20, 1919 in the village of Klyash, Chishminsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The childhood of the future poet was stormy time. The first social event that the future writer witnessed was collectivization. “It burst into the life of the village unexpectedly and swiftly, like a spring flood... The excited people, often torn apart by spiritual contradictions, understood not with their minds, but rather with their hearts, that changes in the way of life of the village community were inevitable... Therefore, faith in the future prevailed among the majority over doubt, and the village as a whole in those days lived with a rapid pulse, in increased tone, even old women cut off their camisoles and breast ornaments. silver coins royal coinage and without regret they carried heaps of silver to the village council “as a deposit for a tractor.” The years that shook up everything and everyone in the village were refracted in their own way in the children’s consciousness.
Twelve children were born into the family of Safa Karimov. But what made him, Mustafa, a poet? They say that I grew up as an impressionable child. He was trusting and vulnerable... He absorbed legends and fairy tales. A great many of them knew Elder Mother. I traveled at night with children my own age, absorbing stories heard around the fire.
His early poems about his cheerful childhood are published in the newspaper "Young Builder". Labor activity Mustafa Karimov began while still studying at the Bashkir State Pedagogical Institute. In 1938-1939 he worked for the Pioneer magazine, and in 1939-1941 he was a consultant to the Writers' Union of Bashkiria.
Immediately after graduating from the institute, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the Murom School of Communications. In May 1942, with the rank of junior lieutenant, he was sent to the 17th motorized rifle brigade as the chief of communications for the artillery division. On August 25, 1942, near the city of Mtsensk, he was seriously wounded. He was in hospital for about six months. From March to May 1943 he served as an employee of the front-line newspaper "For the Honor of the Motherland" ( Voronezh Front). From there he was recalled to the reserve of the Main Administration of the Red Army, and in August he was sent to the front-line newspaper “For the Honor of the Motherland” on the 3rd Ukrainian Front. He ended the war in Vienna. As a participant in the Great Patriotic War, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I and II degrees, the Red Star, and medals. Mustai Karim began his literary activity back in 1935. In 1938, the first collection of his poems, “The Squad Set Off,” was published, and in 1941, “Voices of Spring.” Since then, more than a hundred editions of the writer’s books have been published in Bashkir, Russian, Tatar, as well as in other languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR and foreign countries. The collected works of M. S. Karimov were published in the Bashkir language in 5 (1971-1973, 1995-1999) and 4 volumes (1987-1988), as well as in 3 volumes in Russian (1983). Among his most significant works are the stories: “The Joy of Our Home” (1951), “Taganok” (1962), “A Long, Long Childhood” (1978), “Pardon” (1985), “Village Lawyers” (1987); dramatic works: “The Unsung Song” (1951), “The Kidnapping of a Girl” (1958), “On the Night of a Lunar Eclipse” (1963), “Aigul Country” (1967), “Salavat” (1971), “Don’t Throw Fire, Prometheus !" (1975), "Horse for the Dictator!" (1980), "Walking Mahmut" (1981) and others. Behind last years M. S. Karimov wrote a book of memoirs “Moments of Life” (1991-1998) and a play “Evening Meal” (1994).
From 1951 to 1962, Mustai Karim was the chairman of the board of the BASSR SP, from 1962 to 1984 - secretary of the board of the RSFSR SP. Member of the USSR SP since 1940. Mustai Karim combined fruitful literary work with multilateral social activities: he was elected as a delegate to the congresses of the CPSU, from 1955 to 1980 he was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of the 4th-11th convocations, Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, deputy of the Supreme Council of the BASSR, for many years he was the chairman of the Bashkir Peace Committee, a member of the Lenin and State Prize Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, and a member of the Presidential Council of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The people's poet of Bashkiria, Mustai Karim, died after two heart attacks on September 21, 2005, while in the Republican Cardiology Clinic in Ufa. He was buried in the Muslim cemetery in Ufa.

Biography and episodes of life Mustaya Karima. When born and died Mustai Karim, memorable places and dates important events his life. Quotes from a writer and poet, Photo and video.

Years of life of Mustai Karim:

born October 20, 1919, died September 21, 2005

Epitaph

“I finished everything. Done with the little things
And the vanity is left behind...
And now with the dawn rays
I release birds from my chest.”
From Mustai Karim’s poem “Releasing the Birds”

“The globe continues its path,
A new winter crop has been thrown into the field...
How I lived! How greedily I breathed!
But autumn is approaching everyone.”
From a song by Gilemdar Ramazanov dedicated to the memory of Mustai Karim

Biography

The creative activity of the national Bashkir poet Mustai Karim began in the 30s. of our century. During his life, he created more than a hundred poetry and prose collections and over a dozen dramatic works. His works are rightfully recognized as the national treasure of Bashkortostan and all of Russia. Let us say without exaggeration that Mustai Karim managed to raise Bashkir literature to an unprecedentedly high level and adequately present it at the international level.

Mustai Karim - born Mustafa Safich Karimov - was born in the small village of Klyashevo in Bashkortostan into the family of a middle peasant. The Karimov family had many children, so, as is usually the case, one could only dream of wealth. But Mustafa still managed to escape from the funnel of life - he became the first family member to receive higher education. For comparison, we note that none of the Karimovs could read except Mustafa himself and one of his brothers.

Having barely managed to graduate from the Bashkir Pedagogical Institute, Mustai was drafted into the Red Army and went to war. By this time, the young poet already had some literary experience behind him, namely, a published collection of poems. However, according to critics, Karim’s poetic potential was fully revealed during the war period. Frankly, the writer suffered a lot in combat - in one of the battles he was seriously wounded in the chest and did not leave the hospital for about six months, and was subsequently demobilized due to disability.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, Mustai Karim devoted himself entirely to creative and social activities. In particular, he took an active part in the work of the Writers' Union of the USSR and Bashkortostan, thereby making a great contribution to the education of the younger generation of writers. In general social activity Karima was largely aimed at cultivating the ideas of kindness and humanity in society, as well as freedom and sincerity in the soul of each individual member of our society.

The death of Mustai Karim occurred in the 86th year of his life. The cause of Karim’s death was a massive heart attack, and, probably, an old battle wound played an important role in this. Karim's funeral took place at the Muslim cemetery in Ufa in the presence of friends and relatives of the poet, his literary and social work. Note that the funeral of Mustai Karim, as well as solemn ceremony farewells to the national poet were organized at the highest level: a huge country froze in a minute of silence to pay its last respects to a great man.

Life line

October 20, 1919 Date of birth of Mustai Karim (real name Mustafa Safich Karimov).
1927 Mustai goes to the first grade of the Klyashevo rural school.
1935 The young man enters the pedagogical working faculty of the Ufa Institute.
1937 Karim enters the literary department of the Bashkir Pedagogical Institute.
1938 The first book of poems by Mustai Karimov, “The Squad Set Off,” is being published.
1941 Karim was mobilized into the Red Army.
1942 The poet is seriously wounded in the chest.
1946 Mustai Karim is demobilized from the army due to disability.
1953 The writer is elected deputy of the Supreme Council of the BASSR.
1962 Karim becomes secretary of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR.
1971 Mustai Karim publishes the first collected works in the Bashkir language in five volumes.
September 21, 2005 Date of death of Karim.
September 23, 2005 Date of Karim's funeral.

Memorable places

1. The village of Klyashevo, where Mustai Karim was born.
2. Bashkir Pedagogical University, where Mustai Karim studied.
3. Murom School of Communications (now Novocherkassk Higher Military Command School of Communications), where Mustai Karim was sent to serve at the beginning of the war.
4. Neftyanik Palace of Culture, where the farewell ceremony to the great poet took place.
5. Muslim cemetery in Ufa, where Karim is buried.
6. Monument to Karim in Ufa, opened in 2013 in front of the House of Trade Unions.

Episodes of life

In 2004, a film adaptation of Mustai Karim’s autobiographical story “A Long, Long Childhood” directed by Bulat Yusupov was released. The film tells the story of a Bashkir boy nicknamed Navel, who, experiencing the most difficult milestones of national history, goes through an original path of personality development. By the way, this is not the only film based on Karim’s works. More early work“On the Night of a Lunar Eclipse” was released to the world in 1987.

In addition to his poetic talent, Mustai Karim was also an excellent playwright and prose writer. In particular, Karim's plays largely determine the level of development of modern Bashkir drama. As for the prose, it definitely found a response in the various cultures of our multinational country.

Covenant

“Those who love poetry and music live on the bright side.”

“I don’t want to be either the Man of the Day or the Man of the Year. I want to always be just myself."

“I have long been concerned about the problems of a person’s internal freedom, because a person, without becoming free from within, cannot be at all a free man. We won all social and political freedoms with weapons in our hands, but internal freedom is won differently, by other means.”

Feature-journalistic film “Mustai Karim”

Condolences

“Just as Bashkiria is impossible without the Ural ridges or without Agidel, or without grain fields and oil derricks, without the melodious kurai, so it is impossible without the lines, without the actions, without the wisdom of Mustai Karim.”
Rizvan Khakimov, composer

“...Mustai Karim is one of those artists whose words determine the level of our multinational art.”
Nikolai Rylenkov, poet

“...The poetic world of Mustai Karim is a world of beautiful human feelings.”
Nazar Najmi, poet

“...For me, the main thing about Mustai Karim is his love for people.”
Rasul Gazmatov, poet

Name: Mustay Karim (Mustafa Karimov)

Age: 85 years old

Activity: poet, writer

Family status: was married

Mustai Karim: biography

Mustai Karim is a famous Bashkir poet and writer. He is called the elder of national literature. There were many trials in the man’s life. Even in the most difficult moments of life, he composes poems and prose, leaving personal experiences and the tangibility of time in the lines and words. Writes about people who meet on life path, makes them heroes of stories and tales, preserving their characters and destinies. The master’s works raised Bashkir literature to new heights and are a national treasure of Russia.

Childhood and youth

The full name of the writer is Mustafa Safich Karimov. In accordance with Bashkir traditions - Mustai Karim. He appeared in a simple peasant family. He was the second child, and there were 12 brothers and sisters in total. The event took place on October 20, 1919. The house was located in the village of Klyash, 30 kilometers from Ufa. Later the area was renamed Chishminsky district. Unfortunately, for the descendants of the famous writer, the family nest has not survived to this day.

As Mustafa Safich said, his older mother was involved in his upbringing. The head of the family had two wives, which took place in Muslim traditions. The boy considered her his own mother until he learned that his father’s second, younger wife was his real mother. There was respect and mutual understanding between the women in the house.

At the age of 19, Mustai was accepted into the Republican Union of Writers. During this period, the poet actively collaborated with the Pioneer magazine. He was the first of his brothers and sisters to receive higher education. In the fatal Soviet Union 1941 The young man graduates from the language and literature department of the Bashkir State Pedagogical Institute. He received a referral to Ermekeyevo, where he was supposed to begin teaching and teach schoolchildren the Bashkir and Russian languages.

The war intervened in the plans, and Karim, together with a group of fellow countrymen, goes to Murom, in military school communications. After training as a junior sergeant in 1942, he was sent to the Bryansk Front in an artillery division. Here he is seriously wounded in the chest and spends six months in hospitals.

After being discharged, Karim returns to the front line again, but as a correspondent for the military newspapers “For the Honor of the Motherland” and “Soviet Warrior”. I celebrated the victory in the capital of Austria, Vienna. Immediately after the war, he actively participated in peaceful life and continued to engage in creativity.

Poetry and prose

Some works have been adapted into theatrical productions and films. The play “Moon and Falling Leaves” based on Mustai Karim’s story “Pardon” enjoys great success among the audience.

In 1987, the film “On the Night of a Lunar Eclipse” appeared in theaters, the script for which was written based on the play of the same name. In 2004, Bulat Yusupov made a film based on the story “A Long, Long Childhood.” Two more premieres are expected: the director is filming the story “The Joy of Our Home”, Ainur Arslanov is filming “Taganok”.

Personal life

Mustai met his soulmate Rauza in 1939. After 2 years, the young people got married. Mustai and Rauza, after graduating from the pedagogical institute, were supposed to go together to Ermekeyevo to work as teachers, but only the wife went there. My husband was taken to the front.

When the poet was on the front line, his son Ilgiz was born. The father saw the baby for the first time when he was 9 months old. To do this, I had to ask the head doctor of the hospital where he was recovering from a serious injury. Despite the unhealed wounds, the doctor gave permission. He describes this incident in his biography.

Son Ilgiz followed in the footsteps of his talented parent, is a member of the Writers' Union, and is engaged in translations. He also translated his father’s works into Russian.

The youngest daughter Alfia, who was often called daddy's daughter for her father's love, was born in 1951. In 2013, together with her brother and son Timerbulat, she organized the Mustai Karim Foundation, which supports the development of the Bashkir language and literature.

Grandson Timerbulat is a Russian entrepreneur and billionaire. Mustai Karim's dream was to have more great-grandchildren. Timerbulat and his wife Inga are a large family raising five children.

Mustafa Safich was married to Rauzoy for 62 years. Talking about personal life father, his daughter Alfiya emphasizes that the parents lived in perfect harmony, with respect for each other. The wife passed away in 1981. Mustafa Safich immediately felt an emptiness in his soul. Alfiya and her husband took upon themselves all the worries about their father.

Death

Mustai Karim did not complain about his health. Like all front-line soldiers, I’m used to enduring. He was taken to the hospital with cardiopulmonary failure. The writer was in intensive care for about 10 days. Everything seemed to be getting better. He even managed to receive visitors, talked with them and found something for everyone good words.

On September 21, 2005, Mustai Karim died. The cause of death was a double heart attack. The last refuge of the people's poet of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was the Muslim cemetery in Ufa. There is a monument on the grave with a portrait engraved from a photograph.

On this day, the whole country honored the memory of the son of the Bashkir people, the great poet and writer, with a minute of silence. After his death, the streets of the cities of Bashkortostan and the Russian capital are named after him. Government agencies bear his name, including the National Youth Theater of Bashkortostan. A 6-meter monument was erected in Ufa.

In 2019, Ufa Airport was named after Mustai Karim.

Bibliography

• 1938 – collection of poems “The detachment has set off”
• 1942-1944 - poem "Ulmasbai"
• 1945 – collection of poems “Poems”
• 1947 – play “The Wedding Continues”
• 1950 – drama “The Lonely Birch”
• 1951 – story “The Joy of Our Home”
• 1954 – collection of poems "Europe - Asia"
• 1958 – comedy “Abduction of a Girl”
• 1960 – drama “The Unsung Song”
• 1962 – story “Taganok”
• 1967 – drama “Country of Aigul”
• 1978 – story “Long, Long Childhood”
• 1982-1985 – “Pardon”
• 1978 – collection of poems “Four Times of Love”
• 1982 – collection of poems “Times”

1.What were the names of Mustai Karim’s parents? Father - Safa Kadyrovich, natural mother (father's second wife) Vazifa Khafizovna, eldest mother (step-law, father's first wife) Minleyamal.

2.Who called Mustai Karim a miller?

Perhaps he called himself that.

3. In what year and where did the poet meet Zaki Validi?

M. Karim: “I met the last of the adventurers who dreamed of a throne in a separate Bashkir Khanate seventeen years ago in Istanbul. His name was Zaki Validi.
“The path that became destiny” (Almanac of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments “Monuments of the Fatherland” - 2/1982). Meeting in Istanbul, 1965

4.Who was the spiritual mentor of Mustai Karim?

Karim calls Gabdulla Tukay, his teacher Kadyr Dayan, his first mentor. The poet also says that the last twenty years of his work are associated with the name of A.T. Tvardovsky, his assessment of works. Karim also said that his spiritual mentor is all the people around him. Throughout his life, his elder mother Minleyamal was also his spiritual mentor.
5.For what works was the poet awarded the USSR State Prize and the Lenin Prize?

The USSR State Prize in 1972 was awarded for the book of poems “After Years.” The Lenin Prize in 1984 was awarded for the tragedy "Don't Throw Fire, Prometheus!" and the story “A Long, Long Childhood.”
6.What was the name of the first collection of poems by Mustai Karim and in what year was it published?

1938 - the first collection of poems “The detachment has set off.”
7.Who in the story “A Long, Long Childhood” had a magic pocket in his camisole? What could you find there?

Quote from the story: “I... can barely reach the pocket of her (Elder Mother) white camisole. This is a magic pocket. A piece of sugar, a handful of raisins, gingerbread crumbs, dried bird cherry, baked peas - various tasty things appear in it every now and then. Sometimes the copper money will jingle (and we already know the power of money!). In a word, this pocket is an inexhaustible treasure... And now: as soon as I put my hand in, two large apricots rolled into a handful... Maybe from this day on, my pocket will become magical for them. “In generous hands, goodness floats on its own,” says the Elder Mother.
8.What did the Elder Mother call the main character of the story “A Long, Long Childhood,” and what did this word mean? She called him “Sinnai,” which means “valuable.”
9. Where was the film based on Mustai Karim’s story “Long, Long Childhood” filmed?

The film based on Mustai Karim's story "Long, Long Childhood" was shot in 2005. Dir. Bulat Yusupov.

The main shooting of the film took place in the village of Baish, Baymak district. The filming period lasted more than two years.

10. List the works of Mustai Karim written for children.

“The Joy of Our Home”, “Taganok”, “Father Yalaletdin”, “Little Birdling”, “Cock Mill”, “There or Here?”, the story “A Long, Long Childhood”

11.Name several poems included in the cycle “Europe - Asia”?

“I am a Russian”, “About a Birch Leaf”, “Europe-Asia”, “Sabantuy”, “Three Hundred Horsemen”, “Father’s House”.
12. Three years before the Great Patriotic War, Mustai Karim wrote an almost prophetic poem. What is it called?

The poem “Komsomol Ticket”, 1938. In it, the writer predicted the owl’s injury in 1942.
13.Romeo and Juliet in the works of Mustai Karim?

The prototypes of Romeo and Juliet (Akyeget and Zubarjat), the story of unhappy love, and the spirit of freedom are clearly depicted in the play “Night of the Lunar Eclipse”, 1963.
14.List the poetic details in the poem “Black Waters”.

The poem is built on the device of antithesis: the imperishable world, the creation of nature are opposed to the destructive, killing power of war. (the sky is burning with the fire of war, but the rye is still ripening, the bee is flying to the honey...)

The poem presents two planes: the reality of nature, and the unreality and alienness of war. War is horrible dream in reality.

The central theme seems to be time, patience - time changes everything, everything passes: “Oh, my proud sister! Patience - the spots will disappear, the shadows will dissolve.”

The poem is filled with images: rain is human tears, man is a leaf of the world tree.

Personifications are widely represented in the poem: the earth groaned, cried, the rain rustled...

Comparisons: drops of tears - drops of fire, stood like after a tornado.

Sound and color writing are also very important for the greater artistic depiction of the poem: mentions of the color black are frequent, and there is a concentration of hissing consonants. The repetition of the interjection “o” carries within it the motif of crying.

The poem raises the question of a person’s eternal choice in a moment of terrible testing: to turn away from the path, give up, or go ahead, and possibly give his life. Man's eternal choice between duty and betrayal.

The poem, despite the horrors of war described, is life-affirming at the end. There is always faith in the best: even if there was a storm, everything will dry out, sprout again, everything will change.

15.Who translated the works of Mustai Karim into Russian?

Ilgiz Karimov, Mikhail Svetlov, Mikhail Dudin, V. Tushnov, Semyon Lipkin, Alexander Oyslender, Ramil Khakimov, Elena Nikolaevskaya, Irina Snegova. It is noteworthy that Karim translated the collection “Return” himself, working with E. Nikolaevskaya and I. Snegova.

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