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We all love to feast on sweet, incredibly tasty and aromatic grapes. We drink juices made from it with pleasure, and exquisite wines do not leave lovers of this drink indifferent. In addition to winegrowers, gardeners are also involved in growing crops on their personal plots. In general, the process of growing grapes is not too complicated, but there are some nuances here. For example, berries and even whole clusters often dry out on the vine, which causes concern among both amateur gardeners and experienced winegrowers. In some cases, it happens that most of the grape clusters dry out completely. Today we will try to figure out why this happens and how it can be prevented.

Why do grapes dry out?

The defeat of vineyards by various pests and diseases causes serious damage to the vine. In fact, there are many reasons why grape bunches dry out. Most often this is associated with diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. Let's look at the most famous damage to this crop.

Mildew

The well-known disease of grapes, mildew, very often causes drying of the brushes. Mildew causes especially great damage to this plant during flowering; individual berries are the first to dry out, and just before ripening, the grape clusters are up to half full. This happens because the mildew fungus completely blocks access nutrients in a bunch. Please note: the photo below shows a bunch of grapes damaged by this fungus.

In order to prevent damage to plants, the entire vineyard should be treated with the preparations “Kurzat”, “Ridomil”, “Ordan”, “Polichom”. The treatment must be carried out three times during the growing season - before flowering, after it and when the berries reach the size of peas.

Gray mold is considered one of the most common fungal diseases. It is found in almost any region where vineyards grow. Plant infection occurs in the spring, main reason This is due to the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Its appearance is favored by a warm, humid environment. First, the disease affects the leaves and cuttings, and a fluffy coating appears on them. gray, which crumbles when shaken. It then spreads to healthy parts of the vine. It causes the greatest harm to grape fruits, which at this time begin to ripen or are already ripe. When infected with a fungus, the berries turn brown and quickly rot. It is strictly forbidden to eat such fruits.

The methods of combating this disease are simple: it is necessary to trim the bunches of grapes and other parts of the plant that have been affected by the fungus, after which they must be burned. Currently, you can purchase seedlings that have lasting immunity to this disease.

Dryness of grapes

This vine disease is caused by the fungus Eutypa lata; it is most often common in those wine-growing regions where the climate in winter is not too mild. In those seasons which are characterized high level precipitation, it causes the greatest damage.

This penetrates into the tissues of not only grapes, but also many other fruit and horticultural crops, all this complicates the fight against the manifestations of the disease and its further spread. Eutypa lata infects not only the shoots, but also the bunches of grapes. Most often, the disease affects mature grape bushes that are older than 8 years. Symptoms of dry-sleeve become most obvious already in early summer, when the plant produces growth of 20-25 cm in length.

Signs of the disease are that leaves and shoots begin to lag in growth, their size and color are significantly different from healthy ones. First, the leaves dry out on the vine, and then the affected shoots and brushes either dry out or completely stop growing and remain that way until the end of the season.

Oidium (false sunburn)

This disease is often confused with sunburn. It causes the berries and grape clusters to dry out. What signs appear on the vine with oidium? A slightly noticeable white-gray coating appears on the grapes, which looks like a tan from the sun; soon the berries burst and dry out. When a vineyard is affected by oidium, it is immediately treated with colloidal sulfur, this is done before the harvest begins.

Buffalo leafhopper

This insect is a common cause of grape bunches drying out. It lives and reproduces directly under the bush. Produces offspring once per summer season. The larvae, after turning into adults, rise from the grass onto the vine and cause irreparable damage. The leafhopper damages the shoots and combs of the plant, after which the vine cluster disappears. To prevent and control this insect, the vine is treated twice with “Benzophosphate” and all grass under the bush is destroyed. It is recommended to plant onions or garlic in this place; it is believed that they will repel the pest.

Other reasons

In addition to pests and fungal diseases, there are a number of mechanical causes. Most hybrid varieties very large and heavy brushes. If the hands become bent, the food supply stops, they dry out and die. To avoid this, the vines should be placed on supports and arches and try to properly load the vineyard.

The reasons for grape bunches drying out include the following:

• insufficient watering;
• incorrect soil composition;
• lack of heat;
• low light.

Preventive measures

It is unlikely that it will be possible to completely avoid grape diseases, but the risks can still be minimized. Try to buy seedlings only in specialized stores. This will prevent illness for a period of 2-3 years.

Grapes need the right and regular care, which includes loosening the soil and timely watering. Required condition When growing grapes is the application of fertilizers, you can successfully use organic matter. Don't forget to inspect the vine for insects. If pests are detected, it is very important to quickly treat with special preparations.

How to feed grapes

During the maturation of the hands, completely different feeding is required than during the growth period. Application foliar feeding vines in July contribute to more rapid growth and maturation. More detailed information You can learn about fertilizing and plant protection from the video below.

It is very important that the soil where grapes are grown during their ripening period is saturated with nutrients. If not produced timely feeding, yields will only decrease with each subsequent year.

Grapes are a real gift of nature, a storehouse of vitamins and minerals that are so important for the human body. Many amateur gardeners grow this health berry, although it is not so easy. It is necessary to take into account many factors and features that favor the normal growth of grapes, and very carefully monitor the appearance of various diseases, which, unfortunately, can affect it.

Experienced gardeners know that if the grape leaves begin to become stained, this is the first sign of a plant disease. A disease that is not stopped in time can lead to damage not only to the diseased bush, but also to neighboring plants.

Causes of grape diseases

Understanding why grape leaves dry out or why other changes have appeared in its appearance, we have to lean towards the fact that the plant is sick.

The reasons for this may be various:

• Growing grapes in fairly cold northern regions already creates a risk that they will be susceptible to diseases;
• grapes under winter shelter, is also at risk because air stagnates there and high humidity occurs, which is a favorable environment for the proliferation of various pathogens;
• improper soil composition, lack of moisture, heat and light contribute to the occurrence of non-infectious diseases, when not only the leaves of the grapes dry out or turn brown, but also the ridge dries out, and the berries fall off (in addition, the plant becomes very weak and becomes more susceptible to infectious diseases);
• various bacteria, fungi and viruses are transmitted by the wind from diseased plants, and sometimes they are so difficult to fight that only by replacing the affected bushes with more resistant grape varieties can you get rid of this problem.

But, nevertheless, there are quite a lot of ways to combat grape diseases, you just need to correctly identify the type of disease and know how to get rid of each of them.

Downy mildew

This dangerous disease, which is also called mildew, is usually caused by a fungus that can affect not only grape leaves, but also the ovary and young shoots. The fact that the plant has been infected by a fungus can be easily determined by the appearance of the leaves. They are covered with light spots of a yellowish tint on top, and a powdery crust forms below. white coating. The fungus forms new spores so quickly that they, carried by the wind, immediately infect neighboring bushes.

Cercospora

If you notice that the leaves of a grape are drying up, covered with plaque on the bottom and then falling off, you can rest assured that it is affected by a fungal disease such as cercospora. Then this coating covers the stalks with a velvety layer, after which the berries become hard, with a characteristic lilac tint. When touched lightly, they fall to the ground.

The following measures help rid the plant of this fungus:

• removing infected parts of grapes and then burning them;
• processing at least 2-3 times;
• careful care that creates for the vine optimal conditions growth.

Rubella

This disease has been known since time immemorial, when the vine began to be cultivated. It can be non-infectious and occurs most often in extreme heat, which is typical for mid-summer. Red grape leaves are characteristic feature, meaning the plant is deficient in potassium. If measures are not taken in time, the grapes may die, and the timely use of fertilizers, which include 1% potassium nitrate, will help to successfully cope with this problem.

General preventive measures

There are practically no people who would not be susceptible to one disease or another. But if you remove dying leaves in time, mulch the soil, water in a timely manner, tie up the vine, remove shoots and feed with nutrient mixtures, then many diseases can be avoided by getting excellent harvest grapes

Growing grapes is not particularly difficult. But still, in order to obtain large and beautiful fruits, you must follow some rules and properly care for the crop. But sometimes a situation arises that the gardener seems to adhere to all the recommendations, but the grapes bear fruit poorly or do not produce a harvest at all. The article will tell you why grapes don’t bear fruit and what to do in this case.

Many novice gardeners are faced with the problem that fruits do not form on the grapes.

There are many factors that cause poor yields or complete absence of ovaries.

And it is important to correctly determine why the vine does not produce berries. Let's look at the most common reasons.

Often, activities carried out last year are the reason that the crop does not bear fruit. After all, the formation of abilities for a rich harvest occurs in the fall. It all depends on the quality of the fertilizer, shelter for the winter, and the shape of the bush. The previous year is the key to a good harvest for the next year.

What is the reason for the berries falling off?

Shedding of ovaries is the biggest problem for gardeners.

Sometimes the grapes bloom, but for some reason the fruits fall off after flowering. There are many factors that cause poor fruit set on the vine. It is worth studying the most common ones.

This is why grapes most often fall off after flowering:

Why do grapes dry out?

The question of why grape clusters dry out and what to do to prevent this worries most inexperienced gardeners. After all, this crop is grown to obtain good harvest. Berries, leaves, shoots dry out different stages growing season. This can happen both after the ovary has formed and when the fruits ripen.

Sometimes drying out is accompanied by a number of other symptoms. For example, spots appear on the leaves, they dry out, the shoots become covered with plaque, break, etc. Only after studying the picture in full, there is a chance to correctly determine the reason why the grapes are drying in the country.

To understand why bunches of grapes dry out and what a gardener should do in this case, let’s determine the most common reasons:

Why are the berries small?

If grapes are pea-bearing, what should you do to restore good yields? It all depends on how accurately the cause of this condition of the bush is identified, and how quickly and competently it will be eliminated. Peaing grapes involves the formation of too small berries.

This is why small grapes are formed:

• Lack of pollination. More often, this reason begins to manifest itself at the flowering stage. The flowers and ovaries fall off.
• Shrub overload. This is especially true for hybrid forms of vines. For them it is timely and correct pruning extremely important.
• The variety is prone to peas.

To avoid the appearance of small berries on the fruit bush, you should properly grow and care for the plant. It is also advisable to choose varieties that are resistant to this process.
And this is Augustine and Arcadia. Varieties with female type The flowers are prone to peas, so it is better not to plant them. Of the bisexual varieties, peas were observed in the following varieties: Summer Muscat, Taezhny, Timur.

We all love to eat sweet and aromatic grapes, and their juices with a unique taste and exquisite wines leave few people indifferent. Many gardeners breed this beauty on their summer cottages However, growing a grapevine is not a complicated process at all, but it also has pitfalls, for example, such as drying out of berries and even whole clusters. Beginning winegrowers and amateur gardeners, when faced with such a problem, immediately fall into panic - so much effort has been spent, but the harvest has died for an unknown reason. In this article we will try to figure out why the grapevines dry out and how to deal with it.

Why does a bunch of grapes dry out - reasons

It’s such a shame when such a nuisance occurs as the bunches drying out at the moment when the berries have already set and begun to ripen. There may be several reasons for this phenomenon, and in order to prevent this disaster in time, you need to learn to distinguish between them. So why do the grapes dry out - possible reasons:

• the amount of moisture is not enough for normal growth and maturation;
• soil poverty - insufficient amounts of nutrients and minerals;
• excess ultraviolet rays;
• improper pruning of the vine or lack thereof;
• incorrect garter to the support of varieties with large tassels;
• bending of the ridge of the bunch;
• paralysis of the ridges of the cyst.

Various diseases and pests can also cause grapevine bunches to dry out:

• mildew disease;
• oidium or false sunburn;
• defeat by gray mold;
• chlorosis damage;
• verticillium;
• anthracnose;
• eutyposis (withered sleeves);
• buffalo cicada;
• insects - pests;
• poor treatment of plants against disease.

Let's take a closer look at each reason separately.

Lack of moisture. The fact that grapes are unpretentious in growing and caring for does not mean that you do not need to water the vine. If the summer is quite humid, with a good amount of precipitation, then the vineyard will have enough moisture, and in a dry summer, watering the plants is simply necessary, since with a lack of moisture, the berries become small, have a sour taste, or even dry out, so do not forget to water in a timely manner grapes, so that nothing interferes with the normal growth and ripening of the berries.

Lack of nitrogen in the soil. If there is a lack of nitrogen in the soil, the vineyard will begin to dry out quickly - first the leaves, which will become light color, and then the bunches themselves. In order to avoid drying out, it is recommended to feed the soil mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, or add organic matter - manure, chicken droppings.

Excess ultraviolet rays cause burns, which have a detrimental effect not only on grape brushes, but also on berries and leaves. First, the berries change color to brown and taste like mash, then they dry out completely. This is the most common cause of bunch drying. In this case, there is no need to remove the stepsons growing in the area of ​​the bunch to prevent direct exposure to sunlight.

Bend of grape bunches due to improper tying of the vineyard to the support. Why does a vineyard that has produced large, weighty grapes dry out? Most hybrids produce clusters that are too large and heavy. When the support is inconvenient, or the vineyard is not tied to it correctly, the ridge on which the bunch is located bends under its weight. As a result, moisture cannot enter the brush, and it begins to wither. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to correctly load the vines on arches and supports.

Paralysis of the ridges of the hands. If the vineyard has dried up without any reason, then the ridges may have dried out. This phenomenon is called paralysis and so far no explanation has been found as to why it occurs. Brushes and berries dry out due to disruption of the circulation of moisture and nutrients. Often appears when the summer is dry. Necrosis and brown spots appear on the scallops, as a result of which the bunch stops feeding and dries out. If one plant suffers from paralysis, then it is not necessary that this attack will spread to neighboring bushes. In such cases, it is recommended to feed the vineyard with fertilizers that contain magnesium.

Mildew disease. A terrible scourge called mildew is often the reason why grape bunches dry out. The disease causes great damage to the vineyard during the flowering process. First, individual berries dry out, and, immediately before ripening, whole bunches dry up to half. The reason is that the mildew fungus blocks the access of nutrients and moisture to the bunch. To prevent damage by this fungus, the vineyard should be treated with mildew preparations - Ordan, Kurzat, Polychom, Ridomil. Treatment is carried out three times during the growing season - before flowering, after flowering and when the berries reach the size of peas.

Oidium or false sunburn can also cause drying of the berries and bunches. It is often confused with sunburn. A slightly noticeable white appears on the berries - gray coating, similar to a tan from the sun, and then the berry bursts or withers. If a vineyard is affected by oidium, it is treated with colloidal sulfur before harvesting.

Infestation with gray mold fungus usually appears in the spring when it becomes warm and humid. Such conditions are best opportunities for the development of Botrytis cinerea - a fungus that completely covers plants and causes drying out of grape bunches. The fight against this disease must begin immediately.

Chlorosis damage. If the soil contains a large number of carbonate, there is a possibility of chlorosis, which can cause the grape bushes to dry out. Most often it appears in early spring or in the second half of summer. Chlorosis affects the entire bush. To prevent chlorosis, it is necessary to loosen the soil to normalize air exchange and evaporate excess moisture.

Verticillium is a fungal infection of grapes that penetrates the bush from the soil through the root. The disease does not appear immediately, but several years after infection. Mostly young shoots are affected. If the vine is overloaded, the disease manifests itself more strongly, so it is necessary to properly load the vine in order to get a decent harvest of berries.

Anthracnose is also a fungal infection of grapevines. This fungus is common in areas with humid climates. The disease is recognized by necrotic spots on the grapes, leaves and the entire green part of the vineyard. If the fungus manifests itself before flowering, the entire bunch is affected, and when the bush begins to bear fruit, spots appear on the combs, causing the bunch to dry out. Anthracnose disease is a tropical disease that has only recently appeared in our climate.

Eutyposis is a fungal infection that affects not only vineyards, but also other crops. It affects the wood of the vineyard, as a result of which plant growth slows down. The underdevelopment of all parts of the grape does not allow the vine to produce a proper harvest. Old vineyards in the northern regions are more susceptible to eutyposis. High humidity contributes to its occurrence. The grapes stop pouring and dry out.

Buffalo cicada - harmful insect which is pretty common cause drying of grapevine clusters. This insect lives and breeds in the grass under bushes. Produces offspring once per summer period. The larvae, having turned into adults, move from the grass to the grape bush, causing irreparable damage to it. The insect damages the grape shoots and scallops on which the bunch is located. As a result of this damage, the grape clusters dry out. In order to prevent damage to grapes by the buffalo cicada, the vines are treated twice with benzophosphate; all grass that grows under the vineyard is removed, and garlic or onions are planted in its place, which repel these insects.

Happy viticulture!

When faced with a grapevine disease, novice winegrowers often cannot determine why the leaves of the grapes dry out or what to do to prevent the death of the plant. There are many factors influencing the condition of a grape bush. Methods of combating diseases may also be different.

When growing grapes, many difficulties arise due to which you can lose a good harvest.

Features of grapes

In order to correctly prescribe treatment, you must first determine the cause of the disease and find out why the leaves of the grapes dry and wither. When growing grapes in the northern regions, it is almost impossible to avoid various grape diseases. Bushes sheltered for the winter often suffer due to high humidity and poor air circulation, which has a beneficial effect on the proliferation of fungal diseases.

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What are the causes of diseases?

The causes of diseases can be hidden not only in climatic conditions. Poor soil composition, lack of watering, cool or insufficiently sunny weather also affect the health of the plant. At the same time, not only do the leaves of the grapes change color and dry out, but also the ridge of the vine dries out, the berries begin to crumble and the bush becomes very weak.

Plants affected by infectious diseases infect neighboring bushes. If no measures are taken, the entire vineyard may die. Some diseases are quite difficult to treat, so the only way The only way to get rid of them is to replace the plant with one that is immune to a specific type of pathogen.

The hallmark of mildew disease is yellow spots on the surface of the leaf.

One of the most common diseases of grapes is called mildew; its causative agent is considered to be a fungus that affects the leaves, shoots and berries of grapes. Distinctive feature diseases - yellow spots on the surface of the leaf and traces of a white or grayish powdery coating on its lower part. This disease is contagious to neighboring grape bushes, so you need to start fighting it right away, as soon as you notice the first signs.

Dill sown around the grape bush can be used to prevent grape mildew. The main treatment for already diseased plants is treatment with Bordeaux mixture in the period of time between bud break and flowering. On early stages treatment with the drug "Ridomil-gold" is effective for the disease, however, if there is a month or less left before harvest, treatment is not recommended.

The second most common is fungal disease oidium. It usually appears during periods of drought, and the first sign of the disease is the appearance of characteristic ashy-colored spots on the leaves of the plant. Subsequently, the leaves dry out and fall off, and the berries become cracked and rot.

To avoid the appearance of this fungus, it is necessary to Fresh air constantly circulated around the bush and between the shoots of the plant. This requires timely thinning of greenery and weeding. Signs of the disease can be eliminated using a solution of colloidal sulfur; it is sprayed on the outside of the plant.

Gray rot is also a fungal disease. It occurs in warm and humid environment around the plant and spreads to it top part without affecting root system. In the spring, the disease manifests itself in the form of a gray and fluffy coating on the leaves. When the leaves fluctuate in the wind, the coating falls off, affecting the entire plant. The entire harvest is at risk, since the berries of diseased grapes change color to brown and quickly rot.

Solution from baking soda will help get rid of some grape diseases.

A simple remedy to help fight this fungal disease is to use a solution of baking soda (0.5 tsp per 1 liter of water), which is used to treat the plant after removing the affected parts.

All leaves and shoots affected by gray rot must not only be removed from the bush, but also burned to avoid spreading the disease to surrounding plants.

Drying of grape leaves can also be caused by cercospora blight. This is another of the fungal diseases, which manifests itself in the appearance of an olive-colored coating on the underside of the leaves, after which the leaves quickly fall off and the coating spreads to the bunches, making the berries hard and adding a lilac tint to their natural color. The berries fall off at any touch.

The infected parts of the plant must be removed and burned, and the remaining bush must be treated several times with Bordeaux mixture.

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Less common grape diseases

Rubella is the oldest known infectious grape disease. The disease manifests itself in the hottest time summer season, and, as the name suggests, manifests itself in the redness of the leaves of the plant. First, the leaves turn red, then become thicker, becoming smooth and brittle due to a lack of potassium. Applying fertilizer containing 1% potassium nitrate will help cope with the threat of crop loss. As a rule, fertilizer is applied by spraying before sunrise or after sunset, so that the leaves do not suffer additional damage from sunburn.

It will take 3-5 spraying approaches with an interval between them of about 10 days.

Phomopsis disease is manifested by drying of leaves and shoots, and the presence of black spots.

Alternaria disease occurs in hot and humid weather. The symptoms of the disease are similar to oidium, as they appear as light spots on the surface of the leaf with necrotic foci in the center. At first, a dry border forms on the leaves, similar to symptoms of potassium deficiency. During the rainy season, the leaf darkens and mold forms on it. The berries are first covered with a veil with a metallic sheen, then with a velvety coating characteristic of mold. To treat grapes in this case, preparations from systemic fungicides are used: “Skor”, “Quadris”, “Colfugo super”, etc. The time period between treatments is 10-14 days.

A disease similar in symptoms to black rot and accompanied by escoriosis, drying of leaves and shoots, and the presence of black spots is called Phomopsis. In this case, the disease affects the berries immediately after the flowering period, and they begin to rot after 6-7 weeks. Dried bunches and shoots fall off.
Protect the plant from disease in a timely manner autumn pruning shoots and burning of damaged parts. Additionally, spraying with Bordeaux mixture or zuparen is used.

Of the pests that can cause redness of the leaves, the population spider mite. To get rid of it, the plant is treated with special preparations.

There is no grape variety that is not susceptible to disease. But you can initially select for cultivation those varieties that are less susceptible to disease and have increased resistance to fungal diseases.

Timely care, removal of diseased shoots and leaves, fertilizing and spraying will help preserve both plants and harvest.