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The basement in any building performs the main function - protection from the cold of the house. Therefore, its finishing must be of high quality. At the moment there is a wide range of materials for cladding the base.

In order to figure out exactly what materials will be needed for cladding the basement of a house, you must first determine its functions.
Peculiarities:

• The base serves not only to protect the building from cold or harsh climatic conditions. It is located between the ground and the floor of the building.
  Thanks to this distance, it is possible to insulate the house using certain materials for this.
• The height of the basement floor may vary. In this situation, everything depends on the size of the house itself and climatic conditions.
  In cold regions, the base reaches 70 cm in height. And so it the average size is 30-50 cm.

It comes out of red fire bricks using concrete mortar and, as a rule, does not have a very attractive appearance. Because of this, they use basement cladding material, which will help finish and decorate the structure.

Types of materials for finishing the base

The options for cladding the base are quite varied. There are very interesting designs this part.
The facing material for the base can be:

• Ceramic tiles (porcelain tiles).
• A natural stone.
• Fake diamond.
• Brick
• Colored cement mortar and so on.

Since the base is located very close to the ground, the materials for cladding the base of the house should not absorb dirt and moisture. Let's take a closer look at each type of material.

Ceramic tiles in the basement finishing

Ceramic tiles have been used for many years in finishing work. It has already established itself as the most practical finishing material. But not all of its species are frost-resistant.
Characteristics:

• The most popular plinth facing material is porcelain stoneware, which is one of the subtypes of ceramic tiles. It surpasses conventional ceramics in its properties and characteristics.
• Due to the fact that the material is subject to double firing during the production process, the structure of porcelain stoneware is very dense, and therefore the strength is at a high level.

Porcelain stoneware plinth cladding material:

• Practical. Easy to install and easy to clean, even with the use of cleaning agents.
• Reliable. It withstands quite strong mechanical and physical loads on its surface and is firmly fixed.
• Moisture resistant. Not able to absorb dirt and moisture.
• Long lasting. The service life of the material is about 20 years.
• Does not wear out. The surface retains its original design even when strong impact humid environment and other weather or climatic conditions.
• Does not burn. Can easily withstand very high temperatures.
• Frost-resistant. Due to this, it is very often used for external cladding buildings.
• Wear-resistant. The material can withstand any load.

Natural stone in finishing work on the plinth

The plinth facing materials made from natural agglomerates are quite varied.
But the most popular are:

• Sandstone.
• Marble.
• Granite (see Granite cladding of the base: classic façade design).

These plinth cladding materials have excellent properties and performance.
Materials:

• Reliable and very durable, as they can withstand almost any physical and mechanical stress.
• Practical, despite their considerable weight, they are quite easy to install.
• Durable. Natural stone does not have a specific service life.
• Moisture-resistant, due to their structure they cannot absorb moisture. Accordingly, dirt will also remain on the surface of the material. It is easy to clean with a damp cloth.

• Wear-resistant. The surface of natural stone, even with very frequent cleaning, does not deform, and the appearance of the material remains the same.
• Fire resistant. Natural stone does not burn or melt.
• Withstands high and low temperature conditions.
• Natural agglomerate does not rot or corrode. It is also environmentally friendly, which makes it possible to use it for interior decoration.

Note. In addition to all the advantages and disadvantages of this material, it has one, but rather significant drawback - the price. It is very high due to the natural origin of the stone.

Artificial stone for finishing work on the base

Artificial materials for cladding plinths of this type have become very popular recently.
Decorative stone can be made from:

• Acrylic.
• Synthetic substances.
• Plaster.
• Using marble or granite chips.

Note. The external design of such material is very similar to the appearance of natural agglomerate. They are distinguished not only by their strength and practicality, but also by their cost, which for artificial conglomerate is several times lower than for natural stone.

Surface decorative stone May be:

• Smooth.
• Torn.
• Structural.
• Glyantsevoy.
• Matte.
• Rough.

Imitations of natural stones are very diverse, as is the color range of the material itself.
Very often, when choosing a material for cladding the base of a house, they opt for decorative stone, which has a very attractive appearance and excellent properties:

• Fire resistance.
• Strength.
• Reliability.
• Practicality.
• Moisture resistance.
• Easy to install.
• Wear resistance.

Installation is quite easy, for such work you will need:

• Special glue (after adding liquid it has the consistency of plaster; there are instructions for this on the packaging of the product).
• Spatula for applying glue.
• In some cases - cross-shaped beacons.
• Construction level - stones are placed in a certain plane and only then fixed to the surface.

Advice. If there is no special glue, then you can use concrete mortar, which is made from water, sand and cement.

The main advantage of such material will be that for its installation it will not be necessary to reinforce the surface.
The video shows an example of installing decorative stone on a plinth.

Brick for cladding the plinth

Brick cladding materials for plinths have several types:

• Ceramic.
• Porcelain stoneware.
• Silicate.
• Hyper-pressed.
• Basement.

Note.
In terms of their properties, they are almost similar, but in terms of strength there are certain differences. Hyper-pressed brick is considered the strongest, while silicate brick is lighter and more decorative.

This basement cladding material:

• Very practical and very durable. It is able to withstand quite large physical and mechanical impacts, and also does not absorb moisture and dirt.
• Durable and wear-resistant. Throughout the entire service life of the material, which is at least 30-50 years, the surface and external design does not change its appearance.
• It can easily withstand high and low temperatures and does not deform.
• It does not burn or melt. Also does not fade in the sun.

Advice. Despite big variety bricks for finishing the basement, it is best to use a brick that is specifically designed for such work - basement. It will reliably protect your home from the cold.

For self-installation bricks you will need:

• Concrete solution.
• Master OK.
• Building level.

Advice. It is best to mix the concrete solution in a concrete mixer to give it homogeneity for better masonry of the material.

The most important thing is that this method of cladding must be performed on a foundation, which can be common with the main or additional one.

Cement mortar for plinth cladding

There are various cladding materials for the plinth, but the use of cement mortar is considered the simplest and most primitive cladding method. The method of applying it is similar to applying plaster to the surface of the solution.
It is prepared with your own hands from:

• Sand.
• Water.
• Cement.
• Proportions: 1 bucket of cement to 3-4 buckets of sand.
• As a rule, cement mortar does not have a very attractive appearance.

Advice. To give it an aesthetically appealing appearance You need to add a special coloring pigment during its manufacturing process.

To apply the concrete solution you will need:

• Two spatulas of different sizes (large and small).
• Building level.
• Concrete solution.

Features of applying the solution:

• Such work will need to be done very carefully, since it will be quite difficult to smooth out unevenness.
• You can use a special tool with which relief or other various designs are made on the surface.

After applying the concrete mortar, it is possible to use decorative plaster with marble chips. This design looks quite interesting and attractive.

The basement is the lower part of the walls of the building, encircling it along its entire perimeter. Its main function is to protect the structure from cold or harsh conditions. environment. It is the finishing of the basement of a private house that not only performs the above functions, but also prevents its destruction and is an excellent design solution for decorating the building.

The main purposes of finishing the foundation:

• the foundation needs constant care and protection from moisture, sunlight and other environmental factors, which increases its service life;
• The surface of the base without finishing is subject to constant contamination, resulting in its destruction. This happens because mud, especially liquid mud, contains many aggressive substances that cause erosion in concrete, contributing to its destruction;
• finishing material protects the foundation from damage by fungus, mold or insects;
• The finishing of the base is carried out in order to insulate it, since by forming a large battery, it sucks out the heat of the building. And even a warm floor will not save you from this process. Insulation of the foundation is also necessary to maintain its strength, since during severe frosts the process of erosion begins;
• home decoration using a variety of finishing materials that serve as a decorative element in the design. An example will be shown in the photo.

Types of finishing materials

Do-it-yourself finishing of the base various materials, reliably protecting and decorating its surface. It is recommended to begin the process of cladding the plinth before finishing the walls, so that when using flashings they can be hidden under the wall cladding material.

Before deciding on the choice of material, you need to pay attention to the following nuances:

• when finishing the base with thick building material, it will be necessary to additionally install a drip molding on the surface of its protruding part;
• for a significant expansion of the foundation it is possible to use brickwork;
• when using corrugated sheeting or siding, a frame is installed to secure them, into the spaces of which a heat insulator can be inserted, further insulating the foundation;
• The use of frame-cladding technology allows for repairs to be carried out at any time.

For cladding the base, the materials described below are used.

Brick

• slotted;
• ceramic;
• hollow stone;
• hyper-pressed modifications.

Ceramic
Hyper-pressed
Hollow
Slotted

The laying technology is as follows:

• it is necessary to create an additional foundation. To do this, having made a depression 30–40 cm both in length and in depth from the foundation walls, it is filled with crushed stone, compacting it well;
• a layer of waterproofing is laid;
• Brick laying is done in half bricks, in spoon rows;
• after passing 3 rows of brickwork, holes are cut in the base and reinforcement of 6–10 mm is inserted, which is necessary to connect the surface with the facing material.
• it is possible to lay a thermal insulation layer between the brickwork and the wall, the joining of which can be carried out with wall thermal insulation, if present. In its absence, the insulation is placed on top of the base under the façade cladding material.

Clinker

Clinker has an affordable price and the following advantages:

• has a good operational resource;
• there is no need to create your own foundation;
• Presence of ready-made corner parts;
• due to the light weight of the material, the force load on the frame is minimal;
• decorative coating has artistic value;
• variety of tile types:
• torn stone style;
• imitation brickwork;
• looks like a polished rock.

Fastening clinker tiles can be done in two ways:

• this is done using special glue;
• frame, which allows not only to decorate the foundation, but also to insulate it by inserting a heat insulator into the spaces of the sheathing.

Fake diamond

Artificial stone is concrete plates having a decorative outer layer. To improve its characteristics, it is modified with special moisture-resistant additives, and for increased wear resistance, its front side is painted.

This facing material is suitable for any façade covering.

The technology of its fastening, all the nuances:

• cleaning the foundation from dust and all kinds of contaminants. When finishing an old foundation, eliminating its errors;
• surface primer;
• applying the adhesive solution and fastening the slabs.

A natural stone

Natural stone is a heavy material that significantly weighs down the strength frame of the house. The following types of natural stone are used:

• granite;
• dolomite;
• gravel.

Advantages of natural stone:

• high strength;
• waterproof;
• long service life.

The disadvantages of the material are the following:

• impossibility of insulating the base;
• limited maintainability;
• the presence of many mortar joints, the finishing of which requires additional costs.

The fastening technology is as follows:

• before laying the stone, the surface of the base must be cleaned and treated with a primer;
• the stone is attached to cement mortar;
• After laying the stone, all mortar joints must be treated with a special grout to ensure their waterproofing, since the mortar does not have these properties.

Panels

Plastic panels They are very popular in finishing not only the basement, but also the entire house. They have many advantages:

• wide range of colors;
• various textures imitating natural stone, marble, granite and so on;
• affordable price;
• simple installation;
• possibility of insulating the base;
• resistance to moisture, sunlight and temperature changes.

The fastening technology is as follows:

• frame is installed from metal profiles or wooden slats;
• prepared panels of appropriate sizes are joined and attached to the sheathing using screws;
• facing of corners is carried out using corner, ready-made elements;
• The flashing is installed on the upper part of the foundation finishing.

Plaster

One of available options finishing the foundation is plastering its surface. However, the finishing does not end there; to protect the plastered layer from moisture and other external environmental factors, it must be treated with special moisture-protective agents, such as acrylic paint, water-based paint or oil-based compositions. Thanks to them, the decoration of the base is also carried out.

Plastering technology can be:

• the first option is to plaster the base and then paint it;
• the second option is to insulate the base, plastering and applying a layer of paint or decorative plaster.

It is possible to use decorative plastering technology, resulting in a surface that looks like a fur coat. To obtain a colored fur coat, dyes are added to the solution.

Mosaic plaster is also popular. It contains fine crumbs, which, after drying, create the impression of a multi-colored mosaic. It has waterproof properties due to the resin in its composition as a binder.

Tile

Making tiles from a polymer-sand composite is an inexpensive option from the above. Advantages of this material:

• has a different format;
• plastic structure, due to which the tiles do not crack;
• light weight of the material;
• has an attractive texture, imitating natural stone or brickwork;
• has good resistance to moisture, sunlight, and damage.

Disadvantages include the lack of additional elements, which requires adjustment in finishing the corners.

The tiles can be fixed in two ways:

• the first method involves attaching the tiles to a special glue, after first cleaning and priming the surface;
• the second method involves creating a sheathing on which it is attached. This method has the advantage of being able to insulate the facade.

Porcelain tiles

The production of porcelain tiles is carried out from various types clay with the addition of granite chips. Thanks to this, the material has a strong structure and is suitable for finishing not only walls, but also the base. Advantages of the material:

• wide choose color range and textures;
• when used, there is a slight load on the foundation frame;
• long time retains its appearance;
• has good moisture resistance;
• durability;
• does not absorb dirt and dust;
• easy care.

The tiles are laid using a special adhesive. After which the seams must be treated with moisture-resistant compounds.

Decorating the finishing layer of the base surface is carried out in the following ways:

• painting with paints suitable for the facade. The advantages of such decoration are the ability to choose a color, shade or draw a pattern that matches the facade decoration and the overall design of the house. This method is also the most affordable of many;
• applying finishing decorative plaster. Thanks to wide choice color palette she can satisfy any requests of home owners;
• decorating the base surface can be done from a regular plastered surface, giving it relief irregularities. After such a surface has dried, the finish of the base resembles a finishing stone. The shape of the irregularities can be made in any way, at the discretion of the owner of the house.

Photos of different ways to decorate the base are presented below.

Finishing features

The base is the foundation of any building, so the importance of its finishing speaks for itself. Since the base is constantly exposed to external environmental factors, finishing materials must be durable, resistant to moisture, cold and sunlight.

The finishing material should not only protect the base from adverse factors, but also give an aesthetic appearance to the building. The finishing of the base is done before finishing the walls. There are two types of plinth finishes, raised and recessed, each of which has its own advantages.

To improve the adhesion of finishing materials and the foundation, a primer is used. To summarize, we can say that the finishing of the plinth has, it acts not only as a decorative element when decorating a private house, but also acts as its protector, so the base is one of the main parts of the building - it is its foundation. For its finishing, different building materials with different characteristics and properties are used, the choice of which is made based on the personal preferences of the owner and his financial capabilities.

Before deciding what the base should consist of, you need to know what it serves.

The base is not just a protruding step, not a design element, it is a continuation of the foundation, therefore, first of all, it must be solid and protect the house from moisture, temperature changes and possible groundwater. It is very important that not only cold and moisture do not penetrate into the room, but also that steam is removed from inside the house.

If you're going to do it, do it first. A common problem In the fight against humidity in the house, there is a neglect of preparatory work. It is very important to carry out all work on installing and finishing the base in dry, warm weather. So, drainage is everything!

1. We dig a trench around the perimeter of the building, 50 cm wide and 20 cm deep.
2. We fill the trench with gravel, which ensures drainage. If desired, it can be reinforced with reinforcing mesh.
3. The surface of the wall of the future plinth - 50-70 cm from the ground - is cleaned of dirt, treated with water-repellent primers, so-called water repellents, and, if necessary, smoothed out unevenness.
4. If you are a perfectionist, you can additionally line the wall with carpet synthetic material with an air gap. This layer forms near the wall and ensures the evaporation of some of the moisture.
5. We make thermal insulation. It can be insulated with polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool. The last option is not very good, since mineral wool loses its insulating properties over time.
6. Now we proceed directly to cladding the base.

Of course, before even starting preparatory work, you need to select the cladding material.

When choosing a material, you need to take into account a number of factors: price, durability, degree of protection, lightness, appearance. The base can be non-protruding or protruding. If you choose the second option, you must use ebb tides. We will look at different types of plinth cladding with their pros and cons.

Finishing the base with plaster

The simplest option is plaster followed by painting.

pros- an economical and relatively easy to implement option. This work can be done independently, without resorting to the services of specialists. If you choose good exterior paint, you can give your home a very well-kept look.

Minuses– unstable to chips and cracks, short-lived.

Stages of work:

• Clean the work surface from dirt and uneven surfaces.
• We treat the wall of the future plinth with a primer. It is necessary to carefully coat all cracks and chips. It is important not to rush to the next step and allow the primer to dry completely. This may take more than two days.
• Apply plaster to the wall with a spatula. You can make a stone effect from plaster, but you still need to have modeling skills to do this, but you can look quite impressive, especially after covering it with paint. If you do not have such skills and work on your own, just smooth it out with a spatula, let the composition dry, also for about two days, then sand it and paint it. Most often used acrylic paint. It is waterproof, and at the same time vapor-permeable and frost-resistant. Polyurethane, alkyd and silicone paints are also used. It is not recommended to use enamel paints, since they are environmentally unsafe and do not allow air to pass through.

If you decide to make the base using the method of plastering over a mesh, you need to add an adhesive composition after applying a layer of plaster and press a polymer mesh into it about a third, which is smoothed on top with a metal trowel.

After another two days, coat the resulting base with acrylic primer.

But that's not all. If you are not a sculptor, but want to create the effect of natural stone with your own hands, rejoice, modern technologies have solved this problem too.

So, first apply a cement solution to the pre-treated surface, then decorative layer plaster, level it with a spatula... and make an impression with a special mold. The downside, of course, is that you need to purchase it. But everyone will mistake your plastered base for stone.

Prices for popular types of plaster

Plaster

Finishing the base with concrete

This method of finishing the base is more reliable ordinary plaster. It is also suitable for subsequent finishing of bricks, PVC panels and tiles. But you can do it even simpler. After concreting, paint the base with concrete paint.

Stages of work:

• We attach a metal mesh to the base. It is better to choose a mesh with a cell size of no more than 1 cm with a three-dimensional structure. This will allow for a larger area of ​​contact between the mesh and the solution, which will improve the reliability of the base. We fasten the mesh with dowels quick installation or nail dowels.

• we make formwork. When preparing the formwork, we install guide boards and secure them with pegs that are driven into the ground. Next, we fasten the shields in a vertical position, first on one side, then on the other. Every half a meter we fasten the shields with spacers and additional clamps; they will prevent the formwork from opening when pouring concrete. The outside can be secured with spacers or pegs.

• pour the concrete, wait for it to dry, remove the formwork, paint it and voila - your base is ready!

Stone finishing

Finishing with stone certainly looks better, although the taste and color... But still, stone, natural or artificial, will last much longer and will protect better from external influences.

Let's consider options for finishing the base with stone.

A natural stone

The natural stone that is used to finish the base can be sandstone, limestone, granite and even marble.

Marble, of course, looks rich. But this very expensive material has a big disadvantage - it absorbs moisture and dirt. It can be washed, but it is also very difficult. Therefore, marble is rarely used. But that's not all. There are options that are more expensive than marble, generally with exorbitant prices. This is, for example, labradorite. It combines the uniqueness of color and the durability of granite, creating multi-colored reflections in different lighting conditions. Your home will literally sparkle with colors! different time days. But you will have to pay a lot for this.

Pros: A house with a stone base looks much more solid and impressive. Longer service life, no need to repaint or finish anything, resistant to chips.

Minuses: Natural facing stone will cost you more than plaster with painting and finishing with other materials. Another disadvantage is stone - the material is quite weighty not only externally, but also in its mass, and this puts an additional load on the foundation. In such cases, a reinforced connection of the drainage pad with the foundation is mandatory. Often, stone requires complex installation and, therefore, entails an increase in installation costs. For example, granite blocks must be reinforced in addition to the mortar and special stops must be used.

Stages of work:

Since natural stone is very heavy, we need to strengthen the surface of the plinth:

• Using special fasteners, we mount the mesh to the wall.

• then we apply a solution of concrete or plaster for finishing work onto the mesh.

Applying the solution to the mesh

• After the surface has completely dried, treat the base with a primer using a roller or brush.

• The next stage, again after drying, is to apply a special high-strength glue.
• We attach the stone with glue in much the same way as tiles, without the use of cross-shaped beacons. Natural stone does not require the same distance between the seams, since the stones can also differ in size from each other. Be sure to wipe off any escaping solution.

• After complete drying, apply grout.

Fake diamond

The material is made on the basis of cement-containing mixtures with the addition of expanded clay crushed stone. There is simply no limit to imagination here. This material is manufactured in various sizes, profiles, color shades. That is, you can choose the design, color, size to match the style of the whole house, and ideally select the base cornice. Artificial stone can have a rough or smooth surface. All of the above can be attributed to the advantages of this coating. The downside is the high price of the material.

Stages of work:

It would seem, what is the difference? Both are stone. But in this case, the weight of the artificial stone is still lighter and we can take two installation routes. The first, as in the case of cladding with natural stone, we strengthen the surfaces of the base; the second way does not provide for such a solution:

• leveling
• padding
• gluing the stone to the surface.
• applying grout.

Clinker brick finishing

This material is made from fireclay - fireproof clay, this is its advantage and advantage over ceramic bricks and facade plaster. Water-repellent and frost-resistant. Manufacturers provide a 50-year warranty on bricks. Cons: quite heavy weight and high price.

Stages of work:

The brick finishing technology is almost similar to the technology using artificial stone. Only cross-shaped beacons are used without fail.

It is imperative to take into account the hardening and drying time of the adhesive mixtures used.

Important: start work from the corner and lay out brick and stone from right to left.

Clinker tiles

You can't tell the difference between tile and brick by size and appearance. But the biggest difference between the tile is its thinness and lightness. Tile thickness from 8 to 21 mm. It is also convenient that there are corner elements, which allows you to perfectly close the corners of the plinth. pros finishing with clinker tiles - it is frost-resistant, moisture does not penetrate into it, it is very durable and has long term services.

When installing clinker tiles, as well as other similar finishing materials for external use, it is important to use frost-resistant adhesive solutions and mixtures for joints.

Stages of work:

• prime the surface

• Apply special frost-resistant glue. Here it is important to apply a layer of glue no more than 1 sq.m., because after 30 minutes the glue hardens and you simply will not have time to glue the tiles. In this case, we use cross-shaped beacons to create equal distances between the tiles.

• After gluing all the tiles, fill the seams.

Basement finished with clinker tiles

Prices for various types of clinker tiles

Clinker tiles

Basement siding or PVC panels

PVC panel finishing can be considered one of the cheapest options, which is its advantage. This material is also convenient because it is easy to install, convenient to clean, it is very light, frost and moisture resistant, and it does not burn well. Here, as in the case of clinker tiles, there are also corner elements, which is very convenient. Manufacturers offer many design solutions. You can install siding under brick, stone, mosaic tiles, tree. By the way, what is remarkable. This material can be used to decorate not only the basement, but the entire house.

The method of attaching the panels to the base is completely different from the previous ones. There are no adhesive solutions; metal or wood sheathing is used, which allows the house to “breathe.”

Don't forget to purchase connecting elements with plugs and guides.

The disadvantage of such material is debatable. Some people believe that it contains substances harmful to human health, but the manufacturers assure that this is not the case.

Stages of work:

• The first step in this case will be the manufacture of the sheathing. Lathing materials usually use special profiles with wooden slats. Of course, all materials must have the main characteristic for the base - moisture-repellent. Therefore, we treat all wooden surfaces with moisture-proof impregnation. When making the sheathing, we use a water level and a plumb line. The material is large in area, so it is necessary to avoid distortions in the structure.

• Waterproofing film can be used as waterproofing
• We install the insulation using special clamps or tape.

• Using self-tapping screws, we attach plugs and joints around the perimeter of the entire structure to which the panels will be attached.

Installation diagram of siding panels

Siding prices

Base thermal panels

Manufacturers are not standing still; they are coming up with more and more economical and ergonomic solutions. Plinth panels are clinker tiles or artificial stone tiles, mounted on a thermally insulating polyurethane foam base with precise adherence to the “brick laying” rows. Plus is a more convenient fastening, since the panel consists of about 12-14 “bricks”. Minus - artificial materials, as with PVC panels.

Base thermal panels made of polystyrene are very short-lived. This is a temporary solution to the problem. The best material for thermal panels in terms of durability is polyurethane foam. Therefore, when choosing this material, be sure to inquire about its basis.

The work steps for installing thermal panels are identical to basement siding made of PVC panels.

Prices for various types of base thermal panels

Base thermal panels

Mosaic plaster

This plaster is completely different in its properties from ordinary plaster due to the binding element - resin. The resin imparts a very important property to the base - it becomes waterproof and vapor permeable. And this is exactly what you need! And also the advantages of this material include resistance to low temperatures and ease of application. The plaster contains small grains from 0.8 to 3 mm in diameter and looks like a multi-colored mosaic.

The downside is that it cannot be applied to lime surfaces, heat-saving, as well as on artificial stone surfaces. It may also require adjustments during its operation.

Stages of work:

• clean and prime the surface of the base
• Apply a layer of regular plaster. You can do without it, but it will serve as an additional leveling step.
• Apply mosaic plaster using a stainless steel trowel. It can be applied to lime-sand, gypsum, cement plastered surfaces and concrete.

Porcelain tiles

This also includes quartz agglomerate - a slab of quartz or granite chips, again based on resin. The advantage of these materials is their high strength and resistance to external influences. You could even call it eternal; that would be an ideal option. If not for the minus - high cost.

Stages of work:

• We install the metal stainless frame to the wall using self-tapping screws, starting from the bottom of the structure, then the guides and side strips. The distance between the wall and the frame is 2-5 mm. This is necessary for ventilation.
• We fix a waterproofing film on top of the frame between the guides.

• We attach the tiles to the frame, having previously applied a thin layer of concrete mortar. The solution should be thick enough. We install the tiles on the frame using fasteners on the tiles.

Important: Be careful when working with porcelain tiles. Despite its strength, the edges of the tiles may break off during installation, which will result in a loss of tightness between the seams.

Prices for different types of porcelain tiles

Porcelain tiles

Flat slate

Flat slate is made from a mixture of asbestos, water and Portland cement. Slate can be pressed or unpressed. In our case, it is better to use pressed one, it is more durable. This material has a lot of advantages. Due to the asbestos in its composition, it is very durable and fireproof, does not corrode, is quite flexible, is not subject to temperature changes, is durable, and does not heat up in the sun. It has good sound and thermal insulation, and is resistant to aggressive environments. And most importantly, it has a low price. Disadvantages - when sawing slate, harmful asbestos dust is formed, it is inconvenient to install it alone, assistants are needed.

Stages of work:

• We prepare the surface of the base, prime it, and insulate it.
• preparing wooden sheathing.
• attach flat slate to wooden sheathing, as well as to drywall using self-tapping screws. We start from the corner of the house.
• We must cover the slate fastening points at the corners with galvanized iron corners using screws.
• We paint the slate, preferably with acrylic paint.

Important: Before installation, it is necessary to treat the slate sheets with an antiseptic composition. If the thickness of the slate is more than 1 cm, the sheet should only be cut with an electric saw in order to avoid large amounts of asbestos dust.

So, when everything is ready, we proceed to install the ebb and flow sills to prevent damage to our base by flowing water. Otherwise, all efforts will go down the drain.

Installation of ebb tides

They can be metal, aluminum, plastic. A more beautiful, but expensive ebb can be installed from clinker figured bricks or beveled clinker tiles, but here it’s quite the hard way installation, so you can’t do it without a professional.

Stages of work:

After cladding the base and before cladding the walls of the house, it is necessary to strengthen the flashings.

• for better adhesion of the ebb to the surface of the base, we make slopes at an angle of 15 degrees, level the top line horizontally, if necessary. Cement mortar should be thick.
• We wait a few days, the cement should dry thoroughly.
• We attach the sills directly to the wall using dowel-nails.
• if the facade of the wall is sheathed along guides, then the ebbs must be attached to these guides with self-tapping screws.

Important: ebbs should protrude at least 50 mm above the base. The planks are attached to each other overlapping each other, with obligatory coating with frost-resistant sealant.

If you use wide metal ebbs, you will additionally need to use brackets for mounting to the wall.

The process of finishing the basement is quite labor-intensive, so it is important to use high-quality materials from the huge selection of building materials for finishing it, so that you don’t regret anything later, since the basement is a very important part of the house for preserving the warmth and strength of the building. And don’t forget about the exterior of the building, everything should be harmonious.

Video - Beautiful do-it-yourself plinth

Any homeowner sooner or later is faced with the fact that it is time to repair or simply improve the building of their home or office. When choosing materials for the facade and roof, we must not forget about this important element buildings, like a basement. Its finishing needs to be taken care of separately, but naturally, it should be combined with the overall appearance, style and materials. There can be several options for installing a plinth: flush with the wall of the building, protruding and recessed - the choice of finishing material and application technology will also depend on its original structure.

Base finishing options

To date, construction companies, who carry out turnkey repairs, offer several options for finishing the base:

• plaster,
• mosaic plaster,
• brick,
• clinker tiles,
• natural stone
• artificial stone,
• professional sheet

Now let’s figure out how to choose the cladding for the plinth and what each of the materials is.

Naturally, such a ubiquitous material as plaster cannot but be used in finishing the basement sections of the facade. A plastered plinth will look beautiful and stylish if you choose the right type of material that successfully complements the style of the building, and, of course, its application is done well.

This material is strong enough to provide external protection to the building. But, it is clear that it will not be able to compete with stone or siding trim in terms of durability. However, it is worth noting that under conditions of high atmospheric humidity, exposure to ultraviolet rays and chemical corrosion, plaster, as a finishing material, has shown itself to be quite worthy. And as for the breadth of assortment, plaster will probably be the first among all other finishes.

The variety of types, textures and shades suitable for finishing the base is simply amazing. Any hardware store has at least the most common ones on its shelves:

• structural,

You can use classic textures, or you can add a little bit of your imagination to the finishing and get a unique, original design. As for shades, in addition to the available dyes - there is also a huge selection of them, you can order professional tinting in exactly the shade you dream of.

Recently, plastering the base “like a stone” has been gaining popularity. This is natural - the craze for finishing with stone, natural or artificial, has led to all sorts of ways to reduce the cost and simplify finishing work.

It goes without saying that imitating stone with plaster is much more economical and faster than laying natural stone.

The most common types of stone design plaster are imitation marble, granite or sandstone. Latex-based plasters can additionally provide an “antique” effect - cracked stone. In the same way, you can create visual analogues of other materials - wood, timber, pebbles and many others.

The advantages of plaster as a finishing material for cladding the base are obvious:

1. Easy to apply. Even textured decorative plasters can be applied independently without any special skills in construction work.
2. There is no need to use special construction tools or equipment. Plasters are sold both in dry form, where you just need to add water and stir the solution, and in the form of a ready-to-use mixture.
3. The widest range of colors, textures, application options– all the types of plasters and designs that can be obtained with their help are even difficult to describe in one article.
4. Plaster is easy to adjust or fix. Perhaps this is one of the easiest materials to repair. Moreover, you can do this, again, with your own hands.
5. Well, and undoubtedly, the advantage is price of this material.

In addition to its advantages, plaster also has understandable disadvantages. Among them it is worth noting:

1. Not particularly high coating strength. Yes, this material can protect against external influence, however, it is significantly inferior to other possible finishing options, which are much more reliable.
2. Not durable. No matter how competently the plaster is done, even if the application technology is strictly followed, the plastered surface will not last as long as marble, and this should not be expected.

Plaster, despite its significant shortcomings, has been used for a long time to finish the basement of buildings; it looks beautiful and harmoniously combines with other finishing materials. And given its low cost, it can be updated as it wears out.

The material itself, mosaic plaster, is, roughly speaking, a mixture of crumbs and resin. Modern plasters are produced using acrylic resin, which has wonderful plastic and strength characteristics. This makes mosaic plaster not only beautiful, but also a durable material for finishing the basement of a house.

The crumb can be of different sizes. There are three types of fraction sizes: small, medium and large. Which one to choose is determined by the buyer at his own discretion and based on the overall design of the building’s decoration.

Before finishing, the base is also prepared in the standard way: cleaning from dust, priming. If there are no too noticeable irregularities, then there is no need to level them - plaster will do this.

Mosaic plaster is sold in a ready-to-use form. It is usually packaged in plastic buckets of various sizes. The mixture has the desired consistency and shade. When purchasing material, always try to calculate the required quantity as accurately as possible and provide a small reserve. Pay attention to the batch number and production date - different batches may have different colors, which will be very noticeable on the finished base.

There is nothing complicated in applying plaster; even people who do not have finishing skills can cope with this task. Plaster is usually applied with a metal float; it is important to maintain the thickness of the layer and apply the material in one direction so that strokes are not noticeable.

If you decide to entrust the finishing to professionals, they will most likely prefer an automated application method - by spraying. Application this way is much faster and easier, but, naturally, not everyone has a sprayer.

Mosaic plaster can last for a long time without changing its appearance. This is a beautiful, durable and comfortable finish for a plinth. It does not require any maintenance and retains its appearance throughout the entire period of use.

Without unnecessary exaggeration, this is the most common type of basement finishing for residential buildings.

1. Firstly, a brick base is durable, beautiful and goes well with other materials.
2. Secondly, which is important for home craftsmen, it is quite possible to do it with your own hands.
3. Well, thirdly, brick is probably one of the most low-maintenance building materials, therefore, having completed a high-quality finish just once, you can confidently expect that it will last for many years.

As a last resort, if some part of the masonry becomes unusable, it can be partially replaced and general form will not suffer from this.

The brick base is frost-resistant and at the same time, it is not afraid of the scorching rays of the sun. This is also an undoubted advantage of the material and makes it accessible to any region of our country.

Also, due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly materials, it should be noted that brick is just one of them - it is completely harmless to human health and the environment. Modern brick manufacturers can boast of decent equipment and quality materials. On the shelves of construction hypermarkets you can find many varieties of bricks - for every taste and imagination of the buyer.

The last priority advantage of the brick finishing of the plinth is its low cost - compared to other materials, this is perhaps the most budget-friendly, but at the same time its appearance is not inferior to others.

Finishing the base with clinker tiles is visually no different from finishing with brick. But, of course, much cheaper and easier to implement.

Before finishing work begins, the base of the plinth must be thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt; if this is not done, the adhesive mixture will be unevenly applied, which may cause the tiles to fall off. The base on which it will be laid clinker tiles, must be smooth and durable - if there are cracks or damage on it, they need to be repaired in advance, the same goes for unevenness - they need to be leveled, otherwise the tiles simply cannot be laid in an even layer. Immediately before starting installation, it is advisable to prime the base well with a special solution - primer. This will reduce glue consumption and improve its adhesive properties.

The tiles must be laid strictly according to the level, otherwise the rows may not be even, which will be visually very noticeable and will require labor-intensive rework. They always start from the bottom row, and only after laying it along the entire perimeter of the building do they begin the next one - and so on.

A steel float is perfect for gluing tiles. Apply glue to the base with its smooth side, and then run the side with the teeth over the solution - this way you get required thickness for gluing tiles, and the relief surface will allow the tile to be more firmly fixed to the wall.

The last stage is grouting the joints between the tiles. The grout must be selected in accordance with the parameters of use, namely: resistant to moisture and temperature changes. Such a product will not be cheap, however, its effectiveness will pay off in the very first winter.

Clinker tiles are often used to finish the basement precisely because of their great similarity to brickwork. It can also be used either fully or partially - to finish only the base, the corners of the building, or to highlight any elements of the building.

Cladding the base with natural stone

Of course: beautiful, expensive, natural. It is impossible to argue with the statement that a plinth made of natural stone looks very elegant and can complement, or even decorate, the overall appearance of the facade.

When planning stone finishing, be sure to pay attention to its quality - the durability and strength of the base will depend on this.

In this case, several types of stone can be used:

1. River stone. Not only does it have a beautiful appearance, but it will also perform well when interacting with atmospheric phenomena. River and sea natural stone contains a large amount of mineral salts, which makes it practically invulnerable to precipitation, snow or ice.
2. Limestone. The stone is quite durable and at the same time, not particularly expensive.
3. Marble. Naturally, this is a very expensive pleasure, but if you consider how durable and resistant the material is to any type of impact - both mechanical and atmospheric - then its wave quality justifies its cost. Moreover, you won’t need much of it to finish the base.

Whatever type of stone you use, you can immediately highlight the advantages of this finish:

1. Naturalness. Accordingly, it is completely environmentally friendly pure material, safe for health.
2. Durability. Stone finishing can maintain its appearance for centuries. This is especially true for marble, river or sea stone.
3. Unique design– nature itself did its best by painting the stones; their unique texture and coloring are certainly capable of decorating any construction project. By finishing the base with natural stone, you will provide the building with a spectacular appearance.

The advantages of natural stone are obvious even to an amateur in construction work, however, it also has disadvantages, which you also need to be aware of when planning the finishing of the base.

1. Finishing the base with natural stone must be done after the house has completely settled. Since, as already mentioned, stone is one of the most durable materials, it is not able to undergo virtually any surface tension. Hence the simple conclusion - finishing the base with natural stone will be done correctly only after the building has completely settled. Naturally, this is impossible for a new building - since shrinkage can occur over a long period of time - here everything will depend on the type of soil and the building itself. Otherwise, as it settles, the base, finished with natural stone, will develop unsightly cracks, and the material may spontaneously fall off.
2. The second important drawback also follows smoothly from the advantage of the stone - its weight. Anyone can understand that a plinth made of natural stone is not only beautiful and durable, but also very heavy. And not every facade can safely withstand such weight. Professional construction companies, when planning the installation of a stone plinth, always calculate the strength characteristics of the building and its ability to withstand such loads.
3. The third disadvantage will simply be the cost of this natural material , especially with regard to marble, river or sea stone - these varieties, unfortunately, are expensive, and not every homeowner can afford them.

Natural stone is not only a strong and durable finish, it is beautiful, elegant and expensive - both in the literal, financial sense, and in the figurative - visual sense. Of course, it makes no sense to combine such material with frankly cheap wall decoration - stone is quite demanding in terms of general concept finishing.

Finishing the basement of a house with artificial stone

Naturally, given the high cost of natural stone, the construction market has found a way out for more economical buyers. In this case, it is an artificial stone. In appearance, it is almost completely identical to natural stone - it can repeat the texture of the stone, even taking into account its variety - river, sea, marble, and so on.

Thanks to the progress that has made great strides in the construction industry, artificial stone made from concrete, with the help of special dyes, acquires a color similar to natural stone.

Artificial stone is sold in various sizes - you can choose large or small stones, depending on the design project buildings and your taste. You can choose stones correct form or shapeless. In any case, when choosing an artificial stone, you need to pay attention to its quality - the material must be made carefully and be as similar as possible to its natural counterpart.

Lay artificial stone on regular or special glue solution, having previously cleaned the base from dirt. The seams are filled with mortar and jointed, like brickwork.

The main advantage of artificial stone is that its cost is several times lower than that of natural stone. Outwardly, it looks impressive, given the large assortment of colors, textures and shapes, but the price is at least three times lower.

However, this material also has a significant drawback - its low durability compared to natural stone. In order to somehow increase the resource of finishing with artificial stone and extend its presentation, after it has been laid and fully secured, the finished base is treated with special strengthening solutions - this event allows you to extend the life of the finish by four to five years.

Currently, perhaps, one of the most common finishes is both for the walls of the house and its base. Such popularity is ensured by the availability of the material, its widest range - in construction hypermarkets, siding panels are presented in huge quantities, their color and texture can satisfy the most demanding customers.

Siding has long been widely used in European countries for finishing buildings, in last years it has flooded our market too. The demand for this material in the coming decades is due to its clear advantages over others:

1. Siding is the easiest material to repair. That is, if suddenly there is a need to replace some part of the area finished with siding, then doing this is not problematic - the main thing is to have the same material - from the same batch as the one being replaced. The most the right decision here - just buy it a little more, so that you have something to replace it with.
2. The material is very light weight. When planning its installation, you do not need to calculate the load on the foundation, since it is completely insignificant. Siding can be used for finishing without thinking about the strength of the walls of the building as a whole.
3. To install siding, you need simple design – it’s easy to do, and the most interesting thing is that, using such a frame, you can lay insulation inside, significantly reducing the heat loss of the building. A device of this design allows the use of various types of insulation - from elementary to the most modern, and in such a way that it will not be visually noticeable in its finished form.
4. Siding has excellent performance properties : it calmly withstands any atmospheric conditions - precipitation, wind, frost and high temperature without changing its properties or appearance. Some sellers of construction hypermarkets dissuade buyers from siding, citing the fact that, when exposed to direct sunlight, the colored types of this material can fade. Actually this is not true. Only low quality material or materials not intended for use in such conditions can fade in the sun.
5. A variety of textures and shades of siding. Of course, one cannot fail to note the variety of textures and shades of siding presented on the shelves of modern stores. Manufacturers produce siding that imitates stone, boards, or any natural materials; its shade can be very diverse. This is exactly the type of material that can be easily matched to absolutely any façade style.
6. Easy care. Elementary simple care of the finished finish is also an important advantage. Don't need any special means and events - siding is easily cleaned of dust and dirt with ordinary water.
7. Ease of installation. Finally, for the jack of all trades, the most important advantage This material will be easy to install. It is quite possible to install siding yourself, having only superficial knowledge of construction or finishing work.

For all its undeniable advantages, siding, like any other material, cannot but have disadvantages. They are:

1. Weak strength against mechanical damage. Unfortunately, such a convenient material in every sense can be easily damaged even without hitting it particularly hard. This is especially true in the case of finishing the base - since it is precisely in the area of ​​the most frequent mechanical damage.
2. When installing siding panels, it is necessary to take into account that the seams between them are rubbed with a special compound– this will make them invisible.
3. By itself, siding is a thin and cold material. That is, if you do not plan to use it for it, think carefully about whether you will get a warm enough building after the renovation.

Despite its shortcomings, siding continues to be a popular finishing material today. It is used in a variety of cases, including for finishing the base - this option goes well with siding finishing the entire facade, as well as with other types.

A convenient and practical material for finishing many construction projects, including the basement of a house. As you know, the base must be protected as reliably as possible from moisture, precipitation, sunlight and similar natural influences. - metal shaped sheet, thickness from 0.5 to 0.9 mm - excellent for installing such protection.

Profiled sheets can be offered for sale in various widths, but the height is usually two meters. To finish the base, as a rule, an ordinary wall corrugated sheet is used; it is designated PS-8, PS-10, S-8 and S-10. You should also pay attention to the color options; this material is presented in about fifty shades.

But it is worth considering that different manufacturers They paint their products differently, therefore, you need to buy this material at a time, from one batch - otherwise, there may be problems with the different colors of the finished finish.

The corrugated appearance of the corrugated sheet can be used as a design move by placing the sheet both vertically and horizontally and even diagonally to the main facade of the building.

Since the corrugated sheet is attached to a specially constructed frame made of a U-shaped profile, it is usually used in some form to increase the thermal insulation characteristics of the building.

Among the obvious advantages of profiled sheets, the following should be noted:

1. Good strength characteristics. Metal sheet is reliable and dignified, you don’t have to worry about atmospheric phenomena.
2. Quite an interesting look– the main thing is to successfully select the remaining finishing materials, harmoniously combining the corrugated sheet with the appearance of the entire building as a whole.
3. Resistant to corrosion– does not rust, since the corrugated sheet is sold painted or galvanized.
4. Fairly affordable price.

The disadvantages of the profiled sheet are:

1. Low heat resistance. The corrugated sheet itself is cold and without a special insulation system, it is not advisable to use it.
2. Not suitable for every building style. Profiled sheet is, one might say, a minimalist design that needs to be carefully combined with other materials.

Profiled sheet – modern and original way There are not many types of finishing for the base, but still, from the range of colors available, you can choose exactly what you need. As for durability and strength, its properties are excellent.

The finish for the plinth must first of all be durable, so it is worth choosing a material that will be reliable and durable, while taking into account the current climatic operating conditions. Secondly, the basement decoration decides a lot in the overall appearance of the building; an incorrectly selected color or texture can visually ruin the rest of the façade.

Therefore, it is important to take into account the compatibility of the material for finishing the basement with the overall house. Both shades and relief are important here - they should harmonize or be contrasting. A small but significant factor is also the style of the building. If this is a classic, then there is no need to decorate the base with colored corrugated sheets, and if we are talking about asceticism, then natural granite would be inappropriate here. These are, of course, more subtle nuances, but it is also advisable to pay attention to them, showing a sense of taste and proportion properly.

Currently, the construction market is so diverse that there is plenty to choose from. A wide variety of materials are available, both in appearance, characteristics, and cost. The choice is yours!

According to architectural canons, the plinth is a part of the building lying on the foundation, and is considered as a transition wall between fundamental basis and the outer walls of the house. The complex of works on the external finishing of the entire building includes measures for finishing the basement, while the finishing materials for the basement of the house are somewhat different from the materials chosen for finishing the walls of the house. This is due to the close location of the base to the ground, where it is more susceptible to the influence of moisture and cold air than the walls of the residential building themselves. Thanks to development modern technologies finishing the external surfaces of residential buildings and creating new finishing materials, builders of private houses received ample opportunities for the arrangement of original and practical plinths at affordable prices.

After finishing the basement, it is even visually different from the building Source domzzz.ru

Purpose and functions of the base

Builders and architects have different interpretations of the purpose of the plinth. Builders consider the basement as part of the foundation, while architects usually consider it bottom walls.

This is interesting! From the point of view of ancient Italian architects, the plinth is an independent structural element - the foot of a building, column or monument lying on a foundation (the Italian word “zoccolo” literally translates as a shoe with a wooden sole).

According to building codes the foundation walls must be raised above the ground to a height of 15 to 250 cm. This visible part of the foundation, called foundation wall, and is called the base. The plinth is an intermediate structure that combines load-bearing walls buildings with a foundation. In Fig. Below is a concrete foundation with a brick base.

Construction of a brick plinth on the foundation Source vi.decorexpro.com

The main functions of the basement wall of a building are:

load perception from the upper part of a residential building ( load-bearing function);

ensuring the stability of the building, creating a strong pedestal, perception of linear deformations during settlement of the house (support function);

protection of walls from exposure to atmospheric sedimentary moisture (waterproofing function);

providing thermal protection for basements (thermal insulating function);

fencing the space between the piles and the grillage in the case of a pile foundation (enclosing function);

creation of an appropriate architectural appearance of the erected building (architectural and decorative function).

Video description

More about the advantages of the basement floor in the video:

Differences between basement and basement

The ground floor, also called the ground floor, should not be confused with the basement and imagine it as a sort of dark, damp room.

It is important! The basement floor is located inside the perimeter of the foundation walls and can be installed in buildings with any type of foundation. The basement can only be arranged inside strip foundation. In some variants of foundations (such as piles), the base is simply absent. In the case of a pile foundation, the pile heads are raised above the ground to a height of at least 20 cm, and a grillage is laid on them, which serves as support for the walls of the house.

In Fig. Below is a house on a pile foundation, in which the piles protrude a considerable distance from the ground. To close the resulting free gap, a false base is formed by laying walls made of facing bricks or sheathing piles decorative panels type of siding. Finishing of the foundation will be inexpensively provided by using materials used for the external cladding of the facade, taking into account the peculiarities of the location of the false base.

For such a house you need a false base Source tema.ru

Using the example of false plinths, the main differences between the basement and the ground floor become clear:

The walls of the basement of a house are always load-bearing; the load from the upper floors of the building is partially distributed on them. Basement walls are not always load-bearing, but can only perform enclosing and architectural and decorative functions without bearing weight loads from the building.

The ground floor can be recessed to a slight depth or even be above ground. A basement is a room buried in the ground. The basement can be classified as a basement floor, while the basement is not always buried in the ground and cannot be considered a basement in such cases.

Ground options ground floors are preferable in regions with deep freezing of the soil and during construction in areas with close groundwater. Arrangement of basements in such cases is very difficult and is associated with significant financial costs.

Despite such a significant difference in purpose and design, the ground floor and basement allow for identical practical use– on their premises you can set up a workshop, a garage, plan a living room and even build a full-fledged sauna.

Types of basement structures

Practiced options for finishing the base of a house take into account its location relative to the plane of the outer wall (see figure below):

Types of location of the plinth relative to the wall Source domsireni.ru

a – protruding type;

b – in one plane (flush);

c – sinking.

The following positions are indicated in the figure:

pos. 1 – external wall;

pos. 2 – waterproofing;

pos. 3 – foundation.

The protruding type of foot (pos. a) gives the building the appearance of a powerful structure with increased stability. From an architectural and aesthetic point of view, the protruding type is more advantageous than foundation walls made flush or sunken.

Appearance of the protruding plinth Source remont.kz

However, they necessarily require the construction of a protective cornice with drainage functions to prevent water from flowing from the walls to the base. The construction of a protruding type foundation wall is advisable for houses with thin walls or when building a warm underground for its thermal protection, in order to compensate with its width for the small thickness of the outer wall.

Recessed type base (pos. c), when outer wall(item 1) hangs over the foundation (item 3), is considered more effective and reliable in terms of protecting the waterproofing layer (item 2) from mechanical influences and atmospheric moisture. It is more economical in terms of material consumption, since the thickness is smaller and the construction of a drain cornice is not required. But regarding its aesthetic qualities, the opinions of architects differ diametrically. Some are convinced of an aesthetic loss due to the impression created that the house has reduced stability compared to its actual value. Other designers consider the contours of the recessed plinth to be more compact and modern.

This is what a wall with a sunken plinth looks like Source domsireni.ru

Sometimes the base is built flush with the plane of the wall. It is believed that in such cases the waterproofing line is broken, and the location of the waterproofing layer itself appears random.

When constructing a flush base, it differs only in color Source 2gis.ru

Purpose of basement finishing, requirements for finishing materials

The base experiences a greater volume of loads than the underground part of the base of the building. Along with the weight load from the entire structure, it has to counteract the buoyancy forces from the soil during soil heaving, that is, the mechanical loads on the base are multidirectional.

It is clear that to finish the surface of the basement wall it is necessary to use materials with increased quality indicators compared to traditional cladding. In addition to mechanical loads, they must withstand environmental influences well:

temperature changes;

negative impact of sedimentary moisture - rain, snow, melt water, condensing fog;

exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation;

wind loads.

As a result, the finishing of the basement of the house is carried out for the following purposes:

minimizing the negative impact of environmental weather conditions on the foundation and lower layers of external walls;

preventing the penetration of dirt and chemical compounds into the materials of the walls of a residential building, provoking processes of destruction of the foundation;

protecting the foundation from possible formation of mold, mildew, and insects.

Video description

The video shows an example of how to veneer the base of a house inexpensively and beautifully on a pile foundation:

Rough base protection

In order for the base to fully perform its functions for a long time, it itself must be protected from wind loads, temperature changes, atmospheric and pervasive ground moisture. Before you begin finishing the basement wall, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures for the so-called rough protection of the basement. There are five main aspects of rough protection of the base from possible destruction and preventing distortion of the geometry of the building itself.

On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in finishing materials for finishing country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Laying drainage communications along the perimeter of the basement wall

For creating drainage system At the base, a trench is dug into which drainage pipes are laid with perforations over the entire surface. Through them, moisture that gets inside will be drained to the drainage well. Trench with specially laid drainage pipes sprinkled with sand and gravel, then filled with earth.

Video description

The video shows an example of drainage for the basement floor:

Applying waterproofing to the outside of a basement wall

The base is waterproofed after the initial waterproofing of the foundation base and reinforced belt. Sequence of work:

the foundation superstructure is coated with hot bitumen or bitumen mastic;

several layers of roofing material are applied on top;

coated with a penetrating waterproofing compound.

Production of blind areas

Blind areas are called concrete-filled inclined strips along the perimeter of the building, coming close to the basement wall. A slight slope “away from the wall” prevents water from accumulating near the foundation superstructure during rain or when snow melts. The width of the blind area should be at least 25 cm greater than the size of the roof extension. Sequence of work:

remove the top part of the soil;

lay a drainage cushion of sand and crushed stone;

a layer of concrete is poured on top of the cushion, ensuring a slope from the wall.

Blind area for the foundation Source subscribe.ru

Plastering the surface of the plinth

Performed to level and strengthen the surface. This reduces the likelihood of cracks forming, causing subsequent possible destruction. Typically, in preparation for plastering, a metal mesh is pre-stuffed and then plaster is applied. To impart water-repellent properties to the solution, a plasticizer is added to it.

Installation of ebb tides

These structural elements act as a protective canopy for the foundation wall. The ebbs can be ceramic, steel or aluminum, plastic or brick.

Upon completion of the complex of protective measures, the main finishing of the base begins.

Methods for finishing the base

Among the methods of finishing a basement wall practiced in private housing construction, the most popular are the following technologies:

applying decorative plaster, creating relief compositions imitating granite, marble or natural stones;

use of decorative siding panels;

finishing with corrugated sheets and corrugated sheets;

resin-based tile finishing;

cladding with natural or artificial stones, facing bricks, clinker tiles;

covering with thermal panels;

finishing with slate and cement particle boards.

Photo of finishing the base of the house - imitation of stone when finishing the base Source domsireni.ru

Finishing with decorative plaster

Finishing the base or facing the foundation can be done cheaply without loss of operational and aesthetic qualities using decorative plastering. The main advantages of this technique are:

fairly high vapor permeability;

resistance to temperature changes;

ease of application to the surface to be plastered;

wide variety of color palette;

good maintainability for repair and restoration work;

affordable price.

Additional Information. Experts believe that when comparing the entire set of indicators in terms of cost, quality, durability, maintainability and practicality of the coating, finishing the base with plaster turns out to be the most advantageous option.

Among the shortcomings, users note:

small operational resource;

the need for constant updating of the paint coating;

Difficulties in cleaning the surface from contamination.

Modern trends in the artistic and decorative design of the facades of residential buildings have not gone unnoticed plaster finishing plinths.

Decorative plaster can be used to give the surface any shape Source dom-steny.ru

In private homes, the most popular types of plaster are now those that create exclusive compositions:

textured compositions used to create paintings, drawings, color mosaics;

glazing compounds that help create interesting effects;

relief decoration “like stone”.

Siding finishing

When finishing the basement of a private house in Moscow with its climate and colder regions, siding panels are often used - the term “basement siding” has even entered construction practice. At its core, siding is in a universal way finishing any surface of the house, however, the panels for covering the base are somewhat different from the classic wall analogues.

If wall sidings are represented by panels with a thickness of 0.7-1.2 mm and a length of almost 4 meters, then for the plinth reinforced panels with a thickness of 2.5 to 3.0 mm are produced (almost 3 times thicker wall cladding!) and a length of 1.0-1.13 m with a width of up to 47 cm. This ensures increased resistance to mechanical damage, including accidental impacts, and rigidity with respect to temperature deformation.

Standard siding panel "brick" Source sargorstroy.ru

On Russian market facing materials, basement siding is represented by plastic and metal panels that imitate the texture of natural stones, wood, and brick. Plastic panels for the plinth are made from PVC and polypropylene resins, modified with special components to improve strength, resistance to fire and sedimentary moisture. Metal - made of steel and aluminum.

The main advantages of basement siding include:

increased strength and rigidity of each panel individually and the assembled structure as a whole;

resistance to the negative effects of biological factors - fungus, mold, insects;

excellent moisture resistance;

increased mechanical strength in relation to impacts and chipping;

wear resistance to the abrasive effects of dust and debris particles;

small deformations due to temperature changes, building settlement or soil swelling;

wide temperature range of application – the panels do not lose their properties both in severe frost (down to minus 50 degrees C) and in heat exceeding + 50 degrees. C);

resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation - the material does not age quickly, and the color does not fade;

excellent maintainability – panels can be easily replaced if necessary;

Easy to maintain - the panels can be easily washed from dirt.

A significant disadvantage of basement siding is the need to install a special frame, which significantly increases the cost of finishing materials and the complexity of finishing work.

Siding panels cannot be installed without sheathing Source podvaldoma.ru

Installation of basement siding panels also has its pros and cons. The advantages of the panel installation process include the following aspects:

panels can be installed on any type of plinth;

no preliminary leveling of the wall surface is required;

high culture and cleanliness of installation work;

Fastening the panels to the frame sheathing using self-tapping screws and to each other using tenons and clamps ensures rigid fixation of the siding to the base.

Installation problems for plinth panels include:

the need to correctly align the frame under the panels;

painstaking installation, the likelihood of defects when connecting panels, which can subsequently affect the appearance of the base and its performance;

the need to use special tools for cutting and fitting panels.

Finishing with corrugated sheets and corrugated sheets

Cladding the base with a profiled steel sheet is to some extent an analogue of siding technology, only plinth panels replaced with corrugated sheets or corrugated sheets with appropriate modifications to the frame. In addition to the protective function, finishing can also be performed for decorative purposes.

Video description

The video shows an example of finishing the basement of an old house:

The corrugated sheet has a more rigid wave profile than the corrugated sheet. According to their intended purpose, profiled sheets are used as roofing material, however, C13 corrugated board, having a wave height of 13 mm, is allowed for cladding the plinths of private residential buildings. The thickness of the corrugated sheet is 0.6-0.7 mm, which is quite enough to create a durable cladding for the foundation superstructure. Corrugated sheets are supplied with galvanized or polymer coating.

The advantages of profiled sheets include:

high strength qualities;

visual appeal, the ability to implement various types of design compositions;

resistance to corrosion and discoloration from environmental influences;

ease of installation, minimal labor required for installation on the base;

affordability.

It is important! Cladding the base with corrugated sheets is a budget option for finishing foundation and basement walls and is clearly superior to other technologies in terms of price/quality.

Among the disadvantages, two factors can be noted:

the monotony of the corrugated pattern, which some users perceive as an indicator of an unpresentable interior;

the need to take into account the geometry of the overall design of the building, since the wave bends of the sheets may completely not correspond to the artistic style of the building (“do not fit” into the design).

The issue of combining the patterns of the wall and the plinth is one of the main ones when finishing the plinth of a private house with corrugated sheets Source sevparitet.ru

Resin based tiles

Plinth tiles produced using resin binders have a thickness of only 3-5 mm. The tiles are easily bent at any angle, they can even be rolled, which is why this facing material is commonly called flexible stone. The length of the tiles varies from 24 to 36 cm with a width from 5 to 7 cm. Resin-based tiles are available with smooth and relief surface, imitating in color and texture the entire range of natural facing materials - stone, wood, facing brick.

Facing made of “flexible stone” Source moypodval.ru

Due to their high flexibility, tiles on resin bases can be easily laid on plinths of any configuration, including arcuate geometry. The installation features of such tiles are as follows:

When laying the tiles, they are glued special glue to the previously leveled and primed surface of the basement wall;

It is allowed to lay tiles directly on concrete surfaces and on the top layer of thermal insulation;

tiles are easy to cut with a knife and large scissors;

The time for complete drying of the glue is 2-3 days.

Finishing with stone, brick, clinker tiles

Finishing the base “like stone” or “like brick” gives the residential building solidity and monumentality. It is not at all necessary for home owners to spend money on granite, marble, rubble stone or brick. The decorative functions of finishing from natural stone materials are successfully performed by various types of facing tiles with a texture that imitates natural stones or brick.

Natural stone tiles

It is a complete decorative alternative to classic stone foundation masonry. On the back side the tile is smooth, but on the front side the stone is not processed, preserving its natural identity.

Natural stone cladding - great option for finishing the foundation of a wooden house Source moypodval.ru

Stone-like facing tiles, imitating natural stones, are produced on a cement-sand base with the addition of paint, plasticizers and protective compounds. Artificial stones have high strength characteristics, do not absorb water, and are easy to clean with a water jet. Artificial stone is more plastic than natural stone, so it can better withstand accidental impacts and sudden temperature changes.

Stone-like cladding Source piatachok.ru

Clinker

Clinker tiles are a version of facing bricks made by annealing special refractory clay. Sintered clay is very hard, and its glossy surface has high hydrophobic properties. After laying, clinker tiles create an imitation of brickwork.

It is important! Clinker tiles are characterized by high chemical inertness to negative impacts environment and is superior in durability to natural and artificial stones.

Cladding the base with clinker - as an option for finishing the foundation of a house from the outside Source tr.decorexpro.com

Facing brick is natural ceramic product, fully imitating brickwork. It has high thermal insulation and strength qualities, which are so necessary to protect the base and the entire facade.

Basement finished with facing brick Source domsireni.ru

Finishing with base thermal panels

Base thermal panels are facing tiles equipped with inside insulation. Facing decorative material Thermal panels are clinker tiles that imitate natural stones, brick, shell rock, porcelain tiles or ordinary ceramic tiles with a “brick” imitation. Polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam is used as insulation. The thickness of the insulation layer is 20-80 mm.

Note! Practice has shown that the use of thermal panels with foamed polystyrene for cladding a basement wall is unacceptable. This insulation option is short-lived and has weak heat-shielding properties.

Thermal panels are exterior finishing and insulation Source blogremonta.com

Finishing with slate and cement bonded particleboard

Finishing the base with flat slate is a good budget option for exterior home decoration. For the manufacture of flat slate Asbestos fiber, Portland cement and water are used. It is recommended that the cladding of the basement wall be made of pressed slate, which is much denser and stronger than its non-pressed counterpart. The main advantages of slate materials include:

resistance to aggression of sedimentary moisture;

low water absorption coefficient;

resistance to low temperatures and sudden temperature changes;

resistance to open flames, slate sheets do not burn;

slate can be painted using acrylic primer and acrylic or silicone paint;

long service life within 25-30 years.

Among the disadvantages, the following factors are necessarily mentioned:

increased fragility - slate is capable of collapsing from dynamic impacts, for example, from being hit by a stone;

asbestos dust generated when cutting sheets during the installation process is extremely harmful to humans. Processing of sheets is carried out only in respirators.

Budget options for finishing the plinth Source domsireni.ru

Cement-bonded particle boards (CPB) are made by pressing wood chips with cement. The basis of the CBPB is chips of a large fraction, the top layer is formed from chips of a smaller fraction. The building materials market offers DSP sheets with a thickness of 8-36 mm. To finish the basement wall, sheets with a thickness of 16 to 20 mm are used.

The advantages of DSP are as follows:

good moisture resistance;

resistance to low ambient temperatures;

high degree of fire safety of DSP cladding;

resistance to rotting;

ease of machining.

The disadvantages include two factors:

heavy weight of each cladding element;

service life does not exceed 15 years.

Finishing the basement in a wooden house

When finishing the foundation of a wooden house and cladding the basement, special attention is paid to carefully waterproofing and thermal insulation of the entire basement belt around the building. The wood from which the walls of a home are built is susceptible to rotting and mold growth, and is vulnerable to excess sedimentary and ground moisture. Only reliable protection the base will prevent liquid from penetrating into the wall part and will not allow it to freeze in cold time of the year. After taking measures to waterproof and thermally protect the base, it can be finished using the technologies described above.

Finishing the base of a wooden house Source remlandia.ru

Conclusion

The long-term trouble-free operation of a residential building depends on the strength and reliability of the plinth around the building. When the basement is destroyed, a destructive reaction of the building begins, leading to a deterioration in the appearance of the building and a decrease in its strength qualities, up to local destruction of the walls and foundation. Any method of finishing the basement to a certain extent protects and improves the façade of the building. Developers are only required to achieve an optimal match between price, quality and decorative properties of the finishing material, so that the basement cladding does not stand out from the overall picture of the appearance of the building.