Help on Tele2, tariffs, questions

It has long been a commonplace among modern authors that on February 23, 1918, the young Red Army did not win any victories, and the holiday was established on the occasion of the release of the Decree on the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. And on February 23, the appeal of the Council of People's Commissars “The Socialist Fatherland is in Danger!” was published. and began the mass enrollment of volunteers in the Red Army and sending them to the front against the advancing Austro-German troops.

Decree on the creation of the Red Army
But still, on this day the victory took place and on February 23 of this year we can honorably celebrate the 95th anniversary of the defeat of the Romanian occupiers near Rybnitsa by the Red Army. For many years this episode was forgotten, because the commander of the Soviet troops in this sector of the front was the well-known left Socialist Revolutionary Mikhail Muravyov, a lieutenant colonel in the Russian army.
Let us recall that the Kiev Central Rada on November 20, 1917 proclaimed the creation of the Ukrainian People's Republic as part of the federal Russian state, while making territorial claims to the Kherson, Ekaterinoslav, Kharkov, Tauride (without Crimea), Kholm and partially Kursk and Voronezh provinces. True, in many respects this remained at the level of declaration: the real power of the Rada, as its leaders themselves admitted, did not extend beyond the outskirts of Kyiv, and the lands of Novorossiya were controlled by the power of local Soviets.
On December 25, the First Congress of Soviets of Ukraine took place in Kharkov, proclaiming the Soviet UPR, and the Central Rada was outlawed. Within 5 weeks, the authoritative Kiev regime lost power over most of the territory of Ukraine, the troops of the CR were defeated, and a number of cities and provinces were liberated. In fact, no one commanded the troops of the Ukrainian army. The warriors of numerous “kurens” and “koshas” sat in the barracks, held meetings and passively waited for Muravyov to come and defeat them one by one. On February 8, Soviet troops took Kyiv.

Poster by Vladimir Fidman
However, a difficult situation arose in southern Novorossia at that time. During the First World War, the Kingdom of Romania spent a long time deciding which side to take, calculating the benefits like a gypsy. In the end, King Ferdinand decided that victory was on the side of the Entente and declared war on the Central European Alliance. As a result, German and Bulgarian troops quickly occupied almost the entire country, the government fled to Iasi, and the Russian army had to further lengthen the front line to protect the new “ally”.
And after the October Revolution, the little predator from the Danube decided to quietly show his teeth and grab a bigger piece. When the “self-demobilization” of Russian soldiers began at the end of 1917, the Romanians began to seize weapons and supplies from the army. It was possible to leave the front only by leaving them all their property. Then the creeping occupation of the lands of the Russian Republic began. On December 7, 1917, two regiments of the Romanian army, allegedly to purchase food, crossed the Prut River and occupied several border villages. And at the beginning of January 1918, the capture of cities began. Bolgrad, Cahul, Leovo, Ungheni were occupied. On January 6, a detachment of Romanian-Transylvanians from former Austro-Hungarian prisoners was sent to capture Chisinau. They acted in the spirit of “echelon warfare” - they arrived by train directly to the passenger station. But here the Red Guards received them and immediately disarmed them. However, on January 8, a major enemy offensive began. The work detachments could not contain him. After three days of fighting, Chisinau was surrendered on January 13. Bloody battles took place in Izmail, Kilia, Akkerman, and in the northern regions of Bessarabia. The defense of Vilkov was led by the legendary anarchist sailor Zheleznyak - Anatoly Zheleznyakov, commander of the fleet operating against Romania, chairman of the Revolutionary Headquarters of the Danube Flotilla. The Benders held out the longest. The city was defended by soldiers of the 5th and 6th Zaamur regiments, work detachments and city militia. The assault on January 29 was repulsed. On February 2, the Romanians broke into the city, but reinforcements arrived from across the Dniester and drove out the invaders. And yet, on February 7, the city fell. The Romanians herded about 3 thousand people to the locomotive depot, forced them to take off their outer clothing and kept them in the cold all day. More than 500 people were shot near the depot fence, nicknamed “Black”. Now there is a monument to the dead in this place.
On January 26, 1918, the RSFSR officially broke off relations with Romania, which began the occupation of Bessarabia (and sequestered its gold reserves, which were taken from Bucharest to Moscow). However, only small islands of Soviet power could really resist the Romanians, one of which was the Odessa Soviet Republic, formed on January 18, 1918 on parts of the Kherson and Bessarabia provinces.
The formation of the armed forces of the OSR proceeded slowly. The real military force was only separate parts of the 4th and 6th Russian armies of the Romanian Front. Concentrated in the Tiraspol region, they self-organized into a “Special Army” with an elected command. The commander was the left Socialist Revolutionary Pyotr Lazarev. Its strength, together with the armed forces of the Odessa Republic, barely reached 5–6 thousand people, of which 1200 were cavalry, up to 1500 were infantry. The rest represented a mass of rear guards, drivers, transport workers, and convalescents.
The organizing force of the region was the Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of the Romanian Front, the Black Sea Fleet and the Odessa Region (it included Kherson, Bessarabian, Tauride, part of the Podolsk and Volyn provinces), abbreviated RUMCHEROD. It was formed at the 1st Front and Regional Congress of Soviets on May 10–27, 1917 in Odessa. The majority in Rumcherod initially belonged to the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries, who supported the Provisional Government. On December 16, the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, Nikolai Krylenko, dissolved Rumcherod as not reflecting the mood and will of the soldier and sailor masses. At the 2nd Congress of Soviets, which began on December 23, a new composition was elected, fully recognizing the Soviet government and approving its policies. It consisted of 180 people: 70 Bolsheviks, 55 Left Socialist Revolutionaries, 23 peasant deputies, 32 deputies from other factions. The Bolshevik Vladimir Yudovsky became the chairman of the Rumcherod and later the Council of People's Commissars of the Odessa Republic. The troops of the Central Rada (Haydamaks) and cadets, who remained loyal to the Provisional Government, were defeated after 4 days of fighting and expelled from Odessa on January 17, 1918. On January 23, Rumcherod declared war on Romania.
After several skirmishes on the Dniester, the Romanian command was offered a truce for the period of negotiations, which was concluded on February 8. The Romanians did not expect resistance, and most importantly, their army was also not in the mood to fight. In the context of the rapid advance of Soviet troops, the Odessa Council of People's Commissars formed a special Supreme Collegium to combat the Romanian and Bessarabian counter-revolution, headed by Christian Rakovsky, who intervened in the Rumcherod negotiations and presented the Romanians with an ultimatum for the immediate cleansing of Bessarabia. Romania rejected it and negotiations were broken off on February 15.

Odessa Republic
Appointed commander of the front on February 14, Muravyov received a telegram from V.I. Lenin: “Act as energetically as possible on the Romanian front.” He reported that units of the 8th Army loyal to the Bolsheviks were coming from Podolia to Bessarabia and offered to unite with them. Within 24 hours, the Commander-in-Chief transfers 3,000 of his soldiers in trains from near Kyiv to the Dniester to the Bendery region, and he himself goes to Odessa, where the front headquarters was located. From here he sends a telegram to Lenin: “The situation is extremely serious. The troops of the former front are disorganized, in reality there is no front, only headquarters remain, the location of which is not clear. The only hope is for reinforcements from outside. The Odessa proletariat is disorganized and politically illiterate. Not paying attention to the fact that the enemy is approaching Odessa, they do not think to worry.”
On February 20, 1918, Soviet troops under the command of Muravyov launched a decisive offensive near Bendery. Here a Romanian regiment was defeated and three guns were captured. The arriving units of the 8th Army were given the command to advance on the Balti-Rybnitsa line.
A. Sobolev’s book “The Red Fleet in the Civil War” (1926) says: “Romanian troops, having invaded Bessarabia, very quickly captured the latter and began to advance to the line of the Dniester River. However, the organized units of our army, created at that moment by Rumcherod, managed to delay the enemy’s advance in the area west of the Dniester estuary, and somewhat to the north, after the battle at Bendery (110 versts north of the mouth of the Dniester), defeat the latter. Meanwhile, to the north, led by Comrade. Muravyov Red Guard units inflict a brutal defeat on the Romanians at Rybnitsa on February 23, 1918, on the Dniester (100 versts northeast of Chisinau), and we captured up to 40 guns.”
Successful battles continued for six days. The Romanians were also defeated in the Slobodzei area, on the Rezina-Sholdanesti line, and received a sensitive blow in the Kitcan area. By March 2, 1918, Muravyov’s troops finally repulsed the Romanians’ attempts to gain a foothold in Transnistria. 15 guns and a large number of small arms were captured from the Romanian army, and 500 Romanian soldiers were captured. The defeat at Rybnitsa showed the inability of the Romanian army to carry out serious military operations.
From the beginning of March 1918, fighting broke out on the approaches to Ackerman. The defense of the city was headed by a Bolshevik - Commissar N. Shishman. Mobilization was carried out in the district and the 1st Bessarabian Regiment and the Akkerman Front (30 km from the city) were created, with a force of 2 thousand bayonets, which held the defense against the Romanian army until March 9, 1918. Muravyov even suggested that Moscow launch an attack on Chisinau-Iasi with the forces of its army in order to start a world revolution from Moldova and Romania. He is also developing plans for the redeployment of 2 thousand soldiers near Akkerman and an offensive towards Izmail.
Romania hastened to offer negotiations. They took place in Odessa and Iasi. The joint protocol on ending the Soviet-Romanian armed conflict was signed by Romanian Prime Minister Averescu on March 5, and Soviet representatives, including Muravyov, on March 9. Romania pledged to withdraw its troops from Bessarabia within two months and not take any military or hostile actions against the RSFSR. On March 8, the Red Army received an order to cease military operations against the Romanian troops.
However, a few days after negotiations with representatives of Germany and Austria-Hungary, the Romanian side annulled the peace treaty with Soviet Russia. At this time, Romania left the alliance with the Entente and fell under German-Austrian influence. The representative of the Romanian government, Argetoianu, signed a separate peace treaty in Bufta with the representative of the Central Powers, German General Mackensen. Germany and Austria-Hungary allowed Romania to occupy Bessarabia. The royal government realized that the Austro-German troops, who had captured Kyiv and Vinnitsa in early March 1918, would be in Odessa any day now and would destroy or force Muravyov’s army to retreat. This explains the fact that already on March 9, 1918, having forgotten about its obligations under the treaty, Romania captured Akkerman (present-day Belgorod-Dnestrovsky) and the neighboring village of Shabo, thus completing the occupation of Southern Bessarabia (Budzhaka). In this, the Romanians repeated the path of the Central Rada expelled from Kyiv, whose representatives exactly a month earlier signed an agreement with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary in Brest-Litovsk. German “peacekeeping” troops were allowed to enter the territory of Ukraine and solve food supply problems there. 450 thousand soldiers rushed to the fertile expanses in order, as current Ukrainian historians claim, to expel the Bolsheviks and restore the independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Thus, Ukraine in 1918 saved the enemy empire from famine and was to continue to remain its breadbasket.
And in that forgotten war, the losses of the revolutionary troops on the Danube, Akkerman and Transnistrian fronts are still not precisely known even to historians studying this period. But it can be assumed that directly in battles with Romanian troops in Budzhak and Transnistria, between 1.5 and 2 thousand soldiers died.
Since March, the Odessa Republic began fighting with the troops of Austria-Hungary. By March 3, Austrian troops, having captured Podolia, reached Balta, where individual units of the UPR army were concentrated. The appearance of Austrian units near Balta threatened the rear and the commander of the Southern Soviet armies M. Muravyov ordered units of the 3rd Odessa Army to stop the advance of Austro-German troops along the line of the Southwestern Railway and close the Dniester - Birzula - Pomoshnaya - Znamenka front.
On March 5–7, there were still battles between the Reds and the Austro-Hungarian army at the Slobodka and Birzula stations (now Kotovsk). By the way, the defense of Birzuly was commanded by the same legendary sailor Zheleznyak, the “liquidator” of the Constituent Assembly. In these battles, the Austrians lost more than 500 soldiers and officers killed. The small and poorly organized units of the Odessa Army could not resist the regular enemy army and began to retreat. Austrian troops, having captured Birzulu, struck at the Razdelnaya station, located an hour's drive from Odessa. It became clear that the Bolsheviks could not hold the city.
The Odessa council proposed surrendering the city without a fight (296 votes for evacuation, 77 against), citing the passivity of the masses. Rumcherod also recognized the defense of Odessa as useless. Muravyov was forced to give the order to retreat. On March 12, the City Duma took over power in Odessa and agreed with the Austrian command on the unhindered evacuation of the Red Armies. The next day, units of Austrian troops under the leadership of General Kosch occupied the city abandoned by the Bolsheviks without a fight. The Odessa Republic ceased to exist due to the occupation. The Soviet authorities were evacuated to Sevastopol on the ships "Sinop", "Rostislav", "Almaz" along with archives, valuables and military property.
Documentary epilogue.
On June 26, 1940, the People's Commissariat of the USSR V.M. Molotov presented the Ambassador of the Kingdom of Romania G. Davidescu with a note: “In 1918, Romania, taking advantage of the military weakness of Russia, forcibly tore away from the Soviet Union (Russia) part of its territory - Bessarabia - and thereby violated the centuries-old unity Bessarabia, populated mainly by Ukrainians, with the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. The Soviet Union never reconciled itself to the fact of the violent annexation of Bessarabia...
Now that the military weakness of the USSR has become a thing of the past, the Soviet Union considers it necessary and timely, in the interests of restoring justice, to begin, together with Romania, to immediately resolve the issue of returning Bessarabia to the Soviet Union.
The government of the USSR believes that the question of the return of Bessarabia is organically connected with the question of the transfer to the Soviet Union of that part of Bukovina, the vast majority of whose population is connected with Soviet Ukraine both by a common historical destiny and by a common language and national composition. Such an act would be all the more just because the transfer of the northern part of Bukovina to the Soviet Union could represent, however, only to a small extent, a means of compensating for the enormous damage that was inflicted on the Soviet Union and the population of Bessarabia by the 22-year rule of Romania in Bessarabia.
The Government of the USSR proposes to the Royal Government of Romania:
1. Return Bessarabia to the Soviet Union.
2. Transfer to the Soviet Union the northern part of Bukovina within the boundaries according to the attached map.
The Government of the USSR expresses the hope that the Royal Government of Romania will accept the present proposals of the USSR and thereby make it possible to peacefully resolve the protracted conflict between the USSR and Romania.”
The Kingdom of Romania could not refuse these offers. More precisely, I didn’t take the risk.

"Defender of the Fatherland Day" is a Russian national holiday celebrated on February 23. It was established in 1922 as Red Army Day. From 1949 to 1993 was called “Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.” Now this holiday has been renamed “Defender of the Fatherland Day.” “Defender of the Fatherland Day” is a Russian national holiday celebrated on February 23. It was established in 1922 as Red Army Day. From 1949 to 1993 was called “Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.” Now this holiday has been renamed “Defender of the Fatherland Day.”

History of the holiday “Defender of the Fatherland Day” Arose in 1918 as the birthday of the Red Army to commemorate the victory near Narva and Pskov over the German conquerors. “Defender of the Fatherland Day” Arose in 1918 as the birthday of the Red Army to commemorate the victory near Narva and Pskov over the German conquerors. In order to protect the Soviet state from Kaiser Germany, the Soviet government began organizing regular armed forces. On February 21, it addressed the people with the appeal: The Socialist Fatherland is in danger! On February 23, Red Army Day was held in Petrograd under the slogan of defending the socialist Fatherland from the “Kaiser’s troops.” In order to protect the Soviet state from Kaiser’s Germany, the Soviet government began organizing regular armed forces. On February 21, it addressed the people with the appeal: The Socialist Fatherland is in danger! On February 23, Red Army Day was held in Petrograd under the slogan of defending the socialist Fatherland from the “Kaiser’s troops.”

“Do not despair, these formidable storms will turn to the glory of Russia.
Faith, love for the Fatherland and commitment to the throne will triumph.”

Holy righteous warrior, Russian naval commander, Admiral Fedor Ushakov

The history of this holiday begins with the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops of Germany in 1918. On this day, detachments of the emerging Red Army stopped the enemy on the approaches to Petrograd.

During the years of Soviet power, it was celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy, each year acquiring a truly national character. The holiday gave a feeling of involvement of all our compatriots, especially men, in protecting the family and the Motherland.

Since 1992, February 23 is celebrated as Defender of the Fatherland Day. This day is intended to remind us not only of those who are now carrying out difficult military service in the ranks of the Russian Armed Forces, but also gave their strength and lives in defense of their country.

By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 32-FZ “On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia” in 1995, February 23 was included in the list of days of military glory of Russia.

End of the First World War

First World War 1914-1918 was the result of the aggravation of the contradictions of imperialism and the uneven development of capitalist countries. The most acute contradictions existed between Great Britain - the oldest capitalist power - and the economically strengthened Germany, whose interests collided in many areas of the globe, especially in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Their rivalry turned into a fierce struggle for dominance in the world market, the seizure of foreign territories and the economic enslavement of other peoples.

Acute contradictions also existed between Germany and France.

The interests of Germany and Russia collided mainly in the Middle East and the Balkans. The Kaiser's Germany also sought to tear Ukraine, Poland and the Baltic states away from Russia. Contradictions also existed between Russia and Austria-Hungary due to the desire of both sides to establish their dominance in the Balkans.

The contradictions between the imperialist powers had a significant impact on the balance of power in the international arena and the formation of military-political alliances opposing each other. In Europe, at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, two largest blocs were formed - the Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; and the Entente consisting of England, France and Russia.

Creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA)

After the October Revolution of 1917, Russia actually left the war. “Peace to the peoples!” - such a slogan was proclaimed by the Soviet state from the first days of its existence, inviting all warring countries to stop fighting on the fronts of the First World War and make peace. On December 2, an armistice agreement was signed in Brest-Litovsk, and later peace negotiations began.

The regiments of the old tsarist army were disbanded, their soldiers, exhausted from trench warfare, went home. But the peaceful respite was short-lived.

The main opponents of the conclusion of peace were Trotsky and the “left communists”. Trotsky, who headed the Soviet peace delegation in Brest, put forward the slogan "No peace, no war" and declared that the Soviet country would not sign the annexationist peace, but would end the war and completely demobilize the army.

Taking advantage of this, the German command launched an offensive with large forces along the entire Russian-German front on February 18. On February 21, 1918, the Kaiser's Germany, violating the truce, moved its troops to Petrograd.

Peace negotiations were interrupted. It soon became clear: the enemies would not leave the new state alone, and it would have to be defended with arms in hand. Therefore, in January 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a Decree on the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA). It was created from the most conscious and organized representatives of the working people.

FORMATION OF THE RKKA TROODS, RUSSIA, 1918

The Soviet government addressed the people with an appeal: “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” Thousands and thousands of volunteers responded to it and joined the newly formed units of the Red Army. The spirit of patriotism and love for one's Fatherland have always been a qualitative feature of the peoples inhabiting Russia.

Both old and young rose to defend the Fatherland. On February 22 and especially February 23, in Petrograd, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and other cities, workers’ rallies took place with great enthusiasm, at which decisions were made to join the Red Army and partisan detachments. About 60 thousand people were mobilized to repel the enemy in the capital alone, of which about 20 thousand were immediately sent to the front.

On February 23, 1918, detachments and regiments of the Red Guard already fought with the enemy and stopped his advance near Pskov and Narva. This day began to be considered the birthday of the Red Army. Thus, in the battles for the freedom of the Motherland, a new type of army was born - the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.

Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops of Germany (1918) - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland

Among the many traditional and newly discovered holidays, there is one special one - February 23, Defender of the Fatherland Day. Its very name contains a noble calling and duty to defend the Motherland and its people.

This holiday had different names over the years. Today's name - Defender of the Fatherland Day was adopted by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation on February 10, 1995, according to which February 23, the day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser's troops of Germany (1918), is celebrated as the Day of Military Glory of Russia. Let's turn to history. It was 1918, the civil war.

The question of creating a revolutionary army became especially acute in connection with the offensive of the Kaiser's German troops on Petrograd that began on February 18, 1918. The combat program for mobilizing the working people to repel the enemy was the decree-appeal “The Socialist Fatherland is in Danger”, adopted on February 22 by the Council of People's Commissars. Registration of volunteers for the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army was carried out everywhere. Its first military units stood up to defend the young Soviet Republic and in the battles near Pskov and Narva gave a worthy rebuff to the invaders. This is how our glorious Armed Forces were born. In memory of this, February 23 began to be celebrated annually as the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy.

Red Army

birthday

Was near Narva

on the day of the battle.

Our great-grandfathers

our grandfathers

They celebrated it with a victory,

Marked with a bayonet

butt

In an open field

under snowfall.

The Germans were walking -

overcoats of sulfur,

Helmets

with peaks on top!

Customized them

officers.

Behind the shelves

the guns were rolling.

And behind them

carried shells -

That's why they'll bang

in Petrograd!

Climbed to Peter

evil force,

Machine gun fire

mowed,

Didn't spare the lead

shrapnel!..

Chains of the red fighters

thin out...

But without flinching,

they stood

To Petrograd

didn't retreat.

In hand-to-hand combat

the Germans were beaten

In a snowy field

stopped.

Choked

their offensive.

Verse near Narva

thunder of guns.

Since then

people celebrate

Red Army

birthday.

The young Russian army is now going through a difficult time, but the title of Defender of the Fatherland will not fade or be erased in the noble memory of the people.

We offer questions for historical competitions, games, and quizzes.

"With a Russian warrior through the centuries"

(historical competition)

I round “Our heroic strength”

1. There were strong and mighty heroes in glorious Rus'! Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich... Which epic heroes do you know? (Mikula Selyaninovich, Volga Vseslavyevich, Svyatogor the hero, Alyosha Popovich, Samson Samoilovich, Danube Ivanovich, Vasily Buslaev, Vasily Kazimirovich, Bermyata Vasilievich, Vasilisa Mikulishna, etc.) See the magazine “Read, learn, play.” - 1999.- No. 3.-P.109.

2.Which hero did the earth carry through force? (Svyatogor the hero from the epic “How Ilya from Murom became a hero.”)

3.Which of the heroes “loves the Mother, the raw earth?” (Mikulu Selyaninovich from the epic “How Ilya from Murom became a hero.”)

4. How did Ilya Muromets become a hero? (“The wanderer poured water into a ladle, Ilya drank and sensed heroic strength in himself.”)

5.Which of the heroes will take it by cunning rather than by force? (Volga Vseslavovich from the epic “How Ilya from Murom became a hero.”)

6.Which Russian prince did the heroes Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich serve? (To Kyiv Prince Vladimir the Red Sun.)

7. For how many years did Nightingale the Robber sit on the direct road from Chernigov, not letting either horse or foot pass? (Thirty years.)

8. How old was young Volga when he gathered his mighty squad of twenty-nine people and went with it to an open field, to the wide steppe? (Fifteen years.)

2nd round “With a Russian warrior through the centuries...”

What did the weapons of the ancient Russian warrior consist of? (Bows and arrows, spears, swords, maces and axes. Chain mail, helmets and shields protected from blows.)

What was included in the concept of “combat armor”? (Chain mail is an “iron shirt” made of metal rings. A canvas shirt was worn under the chain mail. On top of the chain mail, noble warriors wore armor or shell made of solid metal plates.)

Who commanded the army? (As a rule, the army was led by a prince or governor. The regiments were commanded by boyars or noble warriors.)

When did the word “soldier” appear in Rus'? (In the Petrine era.)

The main striking force in ancient times. (Cavalry.)

Selected and privileged part of the troops in Russia, first created by Peter I. (Guard.)

Who introduced the St. Andrew's flag into the navy? (Peter I. White color is a symbol of purity and innocence - this is faith, an oblique cross is a symbol of fidelity. On which cross was the Apostle Andrew crucified for preaching Christianity? This apostle, according to legend, reached the Russian borders with the good news.)

In memory of what 3 victories of the Russian fleet are there 3 white stripes on blue sailor collars? (Gangut, Chesma, Sinon.)

Which Russian commander wrote the words: “It’s hard to learn, easy to fight”? (To A.V. Suvorov.)

What is the origin of the phrase “from great to ridiculous is one step.” (These are the words of Napoleon during his flight from Moscow in 1812)

What statements of great commanders can you cite?

Remember the names of famous Russian military leaders. (Alexander Nevsky, A.V. Suvorov, M.I. Kutuzov, P.A. Rumyantsev, G.K. Zhukov.)

When and which Russian soldiers first had a uniform military uniform? (The Streltsy - from the middle of the 17th century.)

III round "Invincible and legendary..."

What is the date of birth of the Russian Army? Why this day? (February 23, 1918 in Petrograd was declared “Day of Defense of the Fatherland.” On this day, many thousands of Petrograd workers joined the ranks of the Red Army. The initiative was supported in many cities. The 1st detachment of the Red Army was formed and sent to Narva and Pskov, which On February 23 he won a significant victory.)

Which Civil War commanders do you know? (Budyony, Kotovsky, Blucher, Tukhachevsky.)

When was the title of Hero of the Soviet Union established? Who was first awarded it? (April 16, 1934 7 pilots who saved the Chelyuskin crew: Kamanin, Vodopyanov, Doronin, etc.)

What military orders and medals, named after outstanding Russian commanders and naval commanders, were established during the Great Patriotic War? (Orders of Suvorov, Kutuzov, Ushakov, Nakhimov.)

Name the military leader who received the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union for Operation Bagration. (K.K. Rokossovsky.)

What weapons of the Great Patriotic War became the prototype of modern rocket guns? (Guards mortars, lovingly nicknamed “Katyushas” by the people.)

Name the pilots three times Heroes of the Soviet Union. (I. Kozhedub, A. Pokryshkin.)

Name the modern types of troops. (Air Force, Airborne Forces, Navy, Border Troops, Railway Troops, Air Defense Troops.)

Under which emperor did a regular navy appear in Russia? (Under Peter I.)

Name the types of small arms of the 20th century. (Three-line rifle, SKS ships AKM and Abakan assault rifles, Degtyarev machine gun, TT pistol, etc.)

What distinctive sign do our soldiers have? (Stripe.)

Name the names of the heroes who hoisted the Victory Banner over the Reichstag. (Kantaria, Egorov.)

How does a submarine “hear”? (Using hydroacoustic equipment.)

What are the military units called? (Division, brigade, regiment...)

Name the types of warships. (Battleship, destroyer, cruiser...)

Literature:

Books

Aleeva N. Heroes of Russian history M., 2001.

Belovinsky L.V. With a Russian warrior through the centuries: A book for students. - M., 1992.

Begunova A. The Path Through the Centuries: Fragments of the History of the Russian Army. - M., 1988.

Durov V.A. Russian awards of the 18th - early 20th centuries. - M., 1997.

Zverev B.I. Pages of the Russian naval chronicle: A manual for students. - M., 1981.

Mavrodin V.V., Mavrodin V.V. From the history of domestic weapons 1984.

Book of the Youth Soldier., Collection. - M., 1982.

Smirnov G.V. Stories about weapons. - Novosibirsk, - 1989.

100 questions - 100 answers: About the army, aviation, navy. - M., 1986.

Articles from periodicals:

Amusina L., Viktorov A. “St. Andrew’s flag flies victoriously” // Education of a schoolchild. - 2000.- No. 2.- P.41-43.

Bobrova L.V., Budkovaya L.N. “Hussars are dashing knights...”: Evening of honor // Read, learn, play. - 2000.-№7.- P.40-46.

Bichevaya E.V., Egorova E.Yu. “To fight to the death for our land...” Evening of historical portraits // Read, learn, play. - 2000. -№7.- P.52-58.

Vorobyova N. Defender of the Fatherland Day // Education of schoolchildren. - 2003. - No. 1. - P.64-66.

In search of the Holy Grail. Material for the knight's tournament. - “Teacher's Newspaper”, Special. Release. 2001. - No. 30-31. - P.45-48.

Danilova O.G. "Soldiers are not born." Evening - farewell to the army //. We read, study, play. - 2000.- No. 8.- P.4-8.

Degtyareva O.V. “Bow, Russia!” Evening dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day // Read, study, play. - 2002.- No. 8.- P.4-10.

Defender of the Fatherland Day. - Scenarios for school holidays, - book 2. - pp. 3-15.

Zharikova V.I. “It’s hard to study, it’s easy to go”: an educational game // Read, learn, play. - 2000.- No. 7.- P.36-39.

Kashinets M.G. “It’s hard to learn, easy to fight / Armor, weapons / Military history of Russia XI-XIV centuries // Read, learn, play. - 2001. - No. 8. - P.10-13.

Kirikova I. Defender of the Fatherland Day // Education of schoolchildren. - 2002.- No. 10.- P.57-60.

“Beautiful in formation, strong in battle.” Review-competition for the best Youth Army branch “Guardsman” // Educational newspaper. - 2001. – Special. issue No. 30-31. - P.39-42.

"A red star". Quiz // Read, learn, play. - 2000. - No. 7. - P.61-62.

Kurnosova L. Young men swear allegiance to Russia // Education of schoolchildren. - 2002.- No. 9.- P.74-78.

Kurnosova L. On Defender of the Fatherland Day // Education of schoolchildren. - 2000.- No. 10.- P.49-50.

Lesnicheva T. “Bogatyr Rus'” Script for an erudite competition dedicated to the defenders of the Fatherland // Supplement to the magazine “Vneshkolnik” - 2001.- No. 3.- P.5-8.

Morozova L.B. “With the Russian warrior through the centuries...” A series of events for Defender of the Fatherland Day // Education of schoolchildren. 2003.- No. 2.- P.62-65.

Petrushina E. Evening dedicated to Defender of the Fatherland Day // Education of schoolchildren. 2003.- No. 2.- P.62-65.

"Field of Russian Glory". Game scenario dedicated to the Russian Army Day // Out-of-school student. 20002.- No. 2.- P.16-19.

Ryazhskikh M., Aleksandrov A. “Soldiers are kids” // Education of schoolchildren. 1999.- No. 4.- P.54-56.