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Country farming requires storage space for prepared foods, vegetables, fruits and pickles. Ideal place For such purposes there will be an earthen cellar, as it maintains optimal temperature and keeps food fresh.

We want to tell you how to build wooden cellar with your own hands.

Wooden cellar

Peculiarities

The tradition of constructing underground storage facilities has been known for a long time, since previously we did not have refrigerators at our disposal, and there was a need to keep food supplies fresh. One came to the rescue here interesting feature our soil.

The fact is that the top layer of soil freezes in winter or warms up in summer to a depth of no more than 1 - 1.5 meters for middle zone Russia. In the northern regions this value increases for winter, in the southern regions for summer. Below this depth, an approximately constant temperature remains throughout the year at a level of 5–9 ˚С, which is comparable to the temperature in a modern refrigerator.

Important!
you can check temperature regime underground layers by measuring the temperature spring water winter and summer.
As a rule, it remains around +8 ˚С.

There are three main types of cellars according to the depth of immersion in the ground:

1. Ground. This type of design provides for a minimum depth of up to 25 - 30 cm, since such structures are installed in places with very high levels groundwater. In essence, this is an ordinary shed or storage shed for storing vegetables;
2. Semi-recessed. A depth of up to 60 cm is provided here; in this case, groundwater should be no higher than 1.5 - 2 meters from the soil level. Often towering top part structures are sprinkled with a thick layer of earth and turf for better thermal insulation;
3. Recessed. Structures whose depth exceeds 1.5 meters are considered completely buried. As a rule, such cellars are completely buried underground to a depth of 2–3 meters.

Important!
The most effective option will be a completely recessed one.
It is guaranteed to protect your supplies from freezing in winter and overheating in summer.

Materials for construction can also be different.

The most commonly used are:

• Rubble stone. Allows you to build strong and durable structures, but the work will be labor-intensive, and the price of the material and its delivery will be significantly high;
• Brick. Better to use ceramic brick, since its moisture resistance is higher. A good material for a basement, but quite expensive and labor-intensive to work with;
• Concrete plates. It is possible to construct the room from reinforced concrete blocks and slabs, but this will require the work of a crane. The design will be very strong and durable;
• Monolithic concrete. You can install formwork in the pit and fill the walls with concrete. If it is possible to order ready-mixed concrete, then this option is well worth considering;
• Wood. A traditional, time-tested option that is distinguished by an excellent microclimate, complete environmental safety and availability of materials.

When choosing wood as a building material for a cellar, you should remember its features, such as fear of moisture, rot and mold.

Important!
Wood is the best option in terms of microclimate and environmental safety inside the cellar, provided that all requirements for protecting the structure from moisture and mold are correctly met.

Selecting a location

After you have decided on the type of structure, its depth and the materials from which it will be constructed, you need to find appropriate place for the basement. There are two main options:

Usually, when building a house, the presence of a basement is provided for in the project, and it is dug out and strengthened at the stage of laying the foundation. Working in a built house will be much more difficult and costly.

Important!
If you want to have a basement inside your home, take this into account when designing.
Digging and arranging a basement inside a finished building is extremely inconvenient and difficult.

If you decide to place the cellar on a site separate from the house, then you should carefully study the landscape here. The best option is considered to be smooth open place, located on a small hill.

It is important to take into account the overall ensemble of buildings on the site. Cellars are not placed near compost pits, toilets, septic tanks, sewers, or enclosures with livestock. But about summer kitchen, home, utility shed, it will be quite appropriate.

It is advisable to provide a convenient and short path from your kitchen to the cellar, since you will have to walk along it quite often. It is better to turn on the lights twice: from the house and directly in the cellar.

Important!
Trees and plants with a powerful and developed root system should not be planted near the cellar, as this can destroy the waterproofing of walls and ceilings.

Construction of a wooden cellar

Construction starts from earthworks. If the groundwater level allows, then dig a pit 2.5 - 3 meters deep so that the room is completely underground and has a ceiling height that is normal for a person.

You can check the groundwater level in gardening partnership, from neighbors, in the regional geodetic service. You can also measure the depth of the water surface in a nearby well.

As an example, we have compiled instructions for building a recessed wooden cellar:

1. We dig a pit 3 meters deep. The dimensions should be 50 - 60 cm larger than the room in each direction for ease of processing the walls;
2. The soil should be compacted at the bottom, and four holes 70 cm deep should be dug in the corners at a distance of at least 50 cm from any of the walls;
3. The bottom of the pits is covered with a layer of sand and gravel 15 cm thick, and then covered with polyethylene with a full wrap around the walls. 2.5-meter sections of 100x100 mm pine beams are installed in the pits and concreted. The part of the beam to be concreted must be covered with bitumen;
4. The floor is covered with a layer of crushed stone, which is spilled with melted bitumen or resin. You can leave the dirt floor if the soil inside is dry;
5. When the pillars gain strength, they are tied. To do this, a 100x100 mm beam is laid on the upper ends, connecting it into half a tree and nailing it to the ends of the pillars with two nails;
6. The walls from the outside are covered with a strong board 40–50 mm thick or with a slab. For fastening, it is better to use galvanized nails or self-tapping screws with an anti-corrosion coating. On one side it is necessary to make a doorway and dig a descent for the stairs opposite it;
7. The ceiling can be made of logs or timber. A durable board 150x50 mm or glued is also suitable wood slab. On top of the ceiling you should lay polystyrene foam in a layer of 100 mm or fill it with expanded clay, straw or sawdust;
8. Don’t forget to remove the ventilation pipes, one for exhaust, one for ventilation;
9. The outside walls should be coated, then the entire structure should be covered. waterproofing membrane, polyethylene or roofing felt. It is desirable that the insulating carpet has a minimum of seams;
10. A staircase should be built opposite the doorway. It can be assembled from boards or made of concrete, brick or stone;
11. The pit should be filled with clay. It will create an additional barrier to moisture;
12. A canopy needs to be built over the entrance. Usually they make a classic basement entrance with sloping roof or gable canopy. Subsequently, a barn or summer kitchen can be placed above the cellar.

Important!
Before work, absolutely all wooden parts must undergo deep impregnation with a complex antiseptic with antifungal action.

Conclusion

Wooden cellar – a good place for storing any food, vegetables or preserves. You can do it yourself, provided you follow all the rules for preparing the material and waterproofing the structures. The video in this article will make our instructions clearer.

Of course, if you want to get an optimally planned space at your summer cottage, take a careful approach to the use of space and the surrounding landscape, then all future buildings must be planned in advance. Such buildings include both the main residential building itself, as well as a bathhouse, a greenhouse, a gazebo, and a clearing for games.

We will also include the garage and cellar here. Be sure to decide whether you need a separate large space for storing food or if you can get by with a refrigerator.

One of the most common types of above-ground cellars - without a ceiling - is the “storage shed”

If necessary, be sure to build a cellar during the construction process in. If everything was not thought out in advance, the only way get a cellar - build an above-ground one.

This is where the disadvantages of an above-ground cellar lie:

• the need to divert effort and resources, when, it would seem, all construction work should be completed and the time has come to enjoy relaxation at your summer cottage, but this is not the most important disadvantage;
• you have to occupy precious areas of the plot for the cellar, and this is much more significant;
• distort the landscape;
• carry out hydraulic engineering work, essentially performing double work, because such work was carried out during the construction of the house;
• additionally and constantly accompany the condition of the above-ground cellar structure, which must always be in perfect condition if there is a desire to use the cellar to its fullest extent and for its intended purpose.

But enough about the shortcomings, otherwise they will no longer want to build.

Therefore, let's talk about the couple very much important advantages above ground cellar:

• such, if it is in perfect order, will perform its functions much better;
• this one is much more convenient to use, because, as a rule, there is a door at the entrance - essentially it is a large refrigerator the height of a person, into which you can go, and not look, which even the largest Electrolux provides us with.

Types of above-ground cellars

Such structures differ in a simple indicator - position relative to the ground level ().

Thus, there are 3 types of cellars:

• ground– almost entirely constructed on the surface of the earth;
• semi-recessed when about half the height of the cellar is underground;
• buried, when the entire cellar or the vast majority of its height is hidden underground.

In addition, cellars can be divided into two more types:

• built as a separate structure, or,
• wall-mounted, when the cellar uses the wall of an existing structure as at least one of its walls - a very good option and we advise you to take a closer look at it.

General scheme

Whatever type of cellar you are planning, its diagram, one way or another, will look like this (Figure “A”):

• A – the diagram represents a semi-buried type, but a layer of alluvial turf is still present;
• B – soil layer;
• C – a layer of clay as a protection against moisture; this is the use of non-heaving clay – the main way to deal with excess moisture (Figure “B”);

• D – pipe for ventilation of the internal volume – the most important element;
• E – a layer of clay with straw, this is the use of the most available materials characteristic of all successful cellar projects;
• F – roofing felt as waterproofing;
• G – croaker, additional element protection;
• H – brick, only wall-type construction sometimes allows you to get rid of the use of additional building material;
• I – internal, coating, waterproofing;
• J– clay castle;
• K – cement-sand screed;
• L – concrete base.

Helpful advice! The basic layout of the cellar involves the construction of a permanent concrete floor. If you are confident in your soil, you can leave the floor as it is, just compact it firmly.

But in the event of an unexpected manifestation of soil heaving and the appearance of water, we recommend using the control scheme shown in Figure “B”, where 2 is the soil itself, and 1 is several layers of sequentially laid clay instead of the extracted wet soil.

Wall diagram

Let's compare the wall cellar diagram with the main diagram; it has some simplifications, but in general both schemes are largely the same:

• 1 – ventilation system pipe;
• 2 – roofing felt for waterproofing;
• 3 – the wall of the house, which in many ways saves the entire structure;
• 4 – ceiling;
• 5 - the so-called bin - a storage place at ground level, note that the scheme also provides shelves for storage purposes;

• 6 – crushed stone, this method of soil protection is sufficient here, based on the fact that all preliminary analysis was carried out during the construction of the main building, which means there is confidence in the reliability of the soil;
• 7 – blind area, pay attention to the slope away from the cellar in the bypass ditch;
• 8 – bitumen coating;
• 9 – embankment – ​​usually this type of cellar cannot be made completely buried, since the depth is limited by the depth of the foundation of the main house itself;
• 10 – cellar wall – the wall is built on only two sides, which greatly simplifies all the work.

Recessed circuit

If the groundwater level is low, then the preferred type of cellar is completely submerged in the ground, although in this situation excavation work increases significantly:

• 1 – the same backfill with soil, but here there is much more excavation work;
• 2 – clay castle as an element of protection against moisture;
• 3 – cement screed;

• 4 – layer of concrete;
• 5 - crushed stone.

The ceiling of this scheme is made in a very original way - from a stone vault. But very often the ceiling is not used at all.

In this case, the most suitable design option for the roof ridge is the following:

1. on general view left:

• A – beam at the very top, ridge beam;
• B – small sheaves of straw;
• C – sheathing;

1. on the fragment on the right:

• D – sheathing;
• E – ridge beam;
• F – sheaves.

Work progress and equipment systems

The construction of the cellar itself consists of several, albeit voluminous, but not complex operations. The work is simplified by the nuance that everything needs to be done very reliably and efficiently, but due to the internal nature of all work, the external quality, visual, fades into the background.

Three main operations

Here are five operations that will need to be performed during the construction of a deep-type cellar with embankment:

• a pit is dug to a depth of up to 2.5 meters - the cellar itself will be a meter high - 1-1.8 m, but it is necessary to take into account large work on the foundation;
• the soil is thoroughly compacted and covered with fine gravel in a layer of 30-40 cm;
• then a layer of lean concrete at least 10 cm thick is laid; although the thickness largely depends on the condition of the soil, if the soil is not trustworthy, then the thickness can be increased to 20 cm;

Helpful advice! We strongly recommend everything concrete works carry out at one time and do not put off part of the filling “for tomorrow”. This is due to the need for uniform hardening of the entire mass of concrete and over the entire area at the same external conditions. This is the only way to protect the entire layer from the occurrence of excessive stress.

• when the base is ready, they begin to build the walls, not forgetting the need to leave space outside up to the soil layer for waterproofing and drainage;
• upon completion of the walls, a concrete screed is laid on the floor;

• The final main stage is laying the floor.

Additional and fundamentally important operations

Perhaps, during the construction of any other structure, all the main work on the floor ends. But that was not the case with the cellar. Next, we need to establish four more very important systems, without which the question of how to build an above-ground cellar cannot be resolved.

These four systems are:

• ventilation - usually there is no choice for above-ground cellars - the ventilation system will be natural,
• insulation – using polystyrene foam boards as the outer layer,
• waterproofing - most often roofing felt is used, also laid outside,
• drainage is a combination of layers of crushed stone and sand, the system is supported externally by a blind area and a drainage ditch.

All systems are fundamentally important and mutually complement and support each other.

conclusions

On the one hand, the instructions for building a ground cellar are quite simple. But it will still take a lot of time to configure this structure to properly perform its task. The price of mistakes is very unpleasant - too high humidity and the temperature inside, which means the inability to preserve anything for a sufficiently long time ().

Fight with possible disadvantages, constantly monitor the condition of your cellar and gradually you will achieve the desired goal. Be sure to review and save for future use additional video in this article, it will definitely come in handy.

Nowadays, almost every family has personal plot as small dacha, where city residents plant vegetables and take care of their fruit trees, grow flower crops.

However, in the fall, many owners begin to think about where to store all the vegetables and fruits collected from the garden.

The ideal option for this is a cellar, which maintains the optimal temperature for storing preparations and vegetables all year round.

In this article we will talk about how to build a cellar without extra costs, what requirements and recommendations must be followed during construction.

The structure of the cellar and its differences from the basement

Between the cellar and the basement there are serious differences.

Materials required for building a cellar

For the construction of a cellar, materials such as concrete, cinder blocks and bricks.

Porous materials, such as polystyrene foam, will easily allow air and moisture into the room, so additional costs may be spent on waterproofing and ventilation.

To build a cellar with your own hands, we will be needed:

• crushed stone and gravel;
• river sand;
• clay;
• roofing felt;
• cement;
• bricks;
• ceiling boards.

The main stages of constructing a buried cellar

Preparing a pit and a solid foundation for the cellar

Having chosen a place to build a cellar, and having decided on the size of the structure, it is necessary clear the soil surface of vegetation, stones and sticks.

In order for the cellar to be durable and serve you for many years, it is important to properly dig the pit and prepare the foundation for pouring the floor and installing the walls:

• First you need dig a hole of a certain depth, depending on what type of cellar you have chosen. In our case, the height of the structure will be about 2.5 meters. In addition, it should be taken into account that part of the space will be occupied by an entrance space or a hatch, stairs and shelving, so the pit should be dug with a margin, which will depend on your preferences

Helpful advice! Before digging a pit, you should check the meteorological forecast for the coming week, since the presence of precipitation can significantly complicate the construction process.

• After preparing the pit, it is necessary to treat the base of the cellar, level and compact the top layers of soil. The floor in the cellar must be stable and level. To get rid of excess moisture, we need to fill the bottom of the cellar with a layer of crushed stone or gravel up to up to 30 cm.

Pouring the floor with clay and concrete

To build a floor in the cellar, you need mix clay solution with a small content of quartz sand (no more than 10% of the total amount of clay) with water.

You should have the consistency of thick sour cream. Using the resulting mass, pour gravel into an even layer to a height of about 3 cm.

In order for the building to serve you for many years, a clay floor will not be enough, so many people strengthen it and poured concrete. To do this, a reinforced mesh is installed on the dried layer of clay to strengthen the floor covering.

On top of it it is necessary to pour a layer of concrete mortar to a height of approximately 5 cm.

To prepare concrete mortar, you need to take five parts of river sand and one part of high-quality cement. For example, on 1 kg we should take some cement 5 kg sand.

Most often, the proportions are indicated on cement packages necessary materials, so it is better to follow these recommendations. Filling the base of the cellar with a solution 5 cm, you need to level it and give it a couple of weeks to dry completely.

Construction of walls in the cellar

An important stage in the construction of a cellar is walling. Let's look at the rules for building brick walls step by step:

1. Before you build walls, you need to level with a shovel or trowel, so that the brick laying is as even as possible
2. A prerequisite for laying bricks is foundation cleared of earth and pieces of clay, on which the first layer will lie. The foundation is necessary for the stability of brick walls. For its construction, the remaining concrete solution that was used to fill the floor is used. The width and height of the foundation depends on the load that will be placed on it in the future. Typically the width of the walls is made from 1 brick, so we fill the foundation so that it protrudes above the floor level by 15 cm and let it dry
3. The beginning of the masonry must begin from the corner of the wall where the doorway will be. The laying must be carried out in a checkerboard pattern, that is, starting with a whole brick, the second layer will begin with half a brick, the third with a whole brick, and so on
4. When laying a brick on the foundation, it is necessary each time tap with the handle of a trowel for better bonding and to allow excess solution to come out. In order for the walls to be smooth and strong, it is necessary to check each erected row using a building level
5. Cement mortar for fastening bricks is prepared in the ratio 4 parts sand to 1 part cement powder
6. At the same time as cement, experts recommend preparing a thick clay solution by mixing clay and water in the ratio 2×1, which needs to be filled free space between the earthen wall and the brickwork. This will serve as an additional layer of waterproofing.

After building the walls, you need to let the mortar harden for about for a week, after which you can design the ceiling with a ventilation system and waterproofing.

Waterproofing

Availability waterproofing layer is a necessary requirement when building a cellar.

The most popular materials for wall insulation are roofing felt or hydrostekloizol. In addition, experts advise treating walls and floors with a special waterproof compound.

So, after we processed the brick water repellents, it is necessary to waterproof the walls using roofing felt and cement.

Mounted on walls 2 – 3 layers of roofing material using heated bitumen, after which they must be plastered cement mortar.

Hot bitumen is a molten bitumen mastic made from hydrocarbons and their derivatives. It is a fastening material that has water-repellent properties.

Construction of floors

Ceiling in the cellar must be as durable and reliable as possible.

To build the ceiling in our cellar we use metal channels, which are U-shaped metal structures.

Due to the fact that the weight of the ceiling is very large, you should build it yourself supports, supporting the ceiling. First, a base is made of four boards fastened together, and wooden supports are installed on them.

This entire structure is installed on the base of the floor and supports concrete ceiling until it dries completely.

To build the ceiling, we place it on the top layer of brickwork reinforced mesh, fill it with cement mortar and wait for it to dry.

After which you can begin laying the channels at a distance of about half a meter from each other. In this case, it is necessary that the channels go perpendicular entrance opening.

When making ceilings in the cellar, you need to leave holes for ventilation pipes, each of which is approximately 15 cm in diameter.

Ventilation in the cellar

Ventilation in the cellar is an important point when designing a cellar in the country.

If a sufficient amount of fresh air does not enter the room, this may cause serious harm to human health.

The most popular type of ventilation is supply and exhaust. To organize it, you need to take two plastic pipes and place them in the openings of the ceilings.

One pipe is placed at a height half a meter from the floor. Fresh, clean air will flow through it into the room.

Another pipe is needed to remove musty and harmful air outward, it should be located above the ceiling, protruding downwards 10 – 15 cm.

Installed on pipes plugs and protective caps, protecting against excess moisture.

Design of shelves and racks in the cellar

The design and decoration of the premises should be done after all construction work is completed.

Many owners prefer to build an entire wall wooden shelving with shelves of different sizes.

Some people attach metal to the walls hanging shelves that can withstand the heavy weight of stored products. Metal corners attached to the wall by welding in selected places.

When choosing certain designs for the cellar, you should proceed from what products will be stored there.

The most popular option among summer residents is prefabricated shelving, which are simply attached to the entire wall. The advantage of such shelves is their mobility, that is, in dry sunny weather they can be taken out to dry.

Attention! All wooden elements in the cellar, it is advisable to coat it with a special anti-insect agent, which will protect the building from cockroaches and beetles.

You can watch detailed information about building a cellar at your dacha with your own hands in this video.

Cellar – important element any suburban area, it is indispensable for storing vegetables, fruits and canning. The article contains information on how to build a cellar at your dacha with your own hands: step by step description will help to take into account a lot of nuances, starting from the right choice places and ending with the installation of waterproofing and. The external arrangement of the building also has great importance, and the construction of shelving and drawers will help to use the space efficiently.

Do not confuse the cellar and the basement. Building a cellar at your dacha with your own hands can come down to simply digging a hole and minimally arranging it. The choice of the type of structure depends on many parameters, for example, on its intended purpose, on the climatic conditions of the region, financial capabilities, etc. Also, when choosing the type and materials for building a cellar in a country house with your own hands, you need to take into account its location.

It is easier to build a separate building than, for example, to build a cellar under the house, but this option will require more materials, and therefore more finance. Making storage under a residential building or outbuilding will be cheaper, but this option is limited in space.

One of the most popular options is an ice cellar. It copes well with the function of long-term storage of food even in the hot season and is especially in demand in the southern regions. It is quite difficult and expensive to build this type of cellar in a private house with your own hands, but the result is characterized by high performance characteristics, durability and reliability.

Another good option for this building is a storage unit with two sections. As a rule, this type is used when it is necessary to avoid mixing the odors of various vegetables and fruits that are simultaneously stored in the cellar. To build such a storage facility you need less materials than for a glacier.

A separate type of cellar is a wine cellar. It is used for storing wine products and has its own design features and nuances that must be taken into account in order to properly build the cellar. As a rule, in such storage you can store not only wine, but also various preserves.

The nuances of arranging a cellar with your own hands at a high groundwater level

When choosing a location for storage, it is very important to take into account factors such as total soil moisture and groundwater level. The lower it is, the easier it will be to build the structure, and the less often repairs will be needed. If we are talking about a free-standing structure, then you should choose the highest place on your site. It is best to determine the groundwater level when it is at its maximum, that is, in spring or autumn. If there is a well or borehole on the site, then you can determine the maximum elevation using them, otherwise you will have to drill a well separately.

It will be somewhat more difficult to build a cellar if groundwater is close. How to do this as efficiently as possible? First of all, it is necessary to pay great attention to the waterproofing of the structure. Also, with high soil moisture, it is worth using for better waterproofing of the cellar from groundwater. Construction Materials, characterized by increased resistance to water. In this case, you should not use wood or plywood, but rather give preference to concrete and brick.

Helpful advice! You can also check the groundwater level using folk signs. To do this, you need to leave a piece of wool at the construction site and egg, and cover them with a clay pot on top. If in the morning there is dew on both the wool and the egg, then groundwater is close, but if there is only dew on the wool, it is far away.

Recommendations for building a cellar with your own hands: how to do it as efficiently as possible

Regardless of what type of construction you choose or what materials you plan to use, there are a number of general recommendations, which should be followed when building a cellar step by step with your own hands:

• if you are going to use wooden elements, they must be pre-treated with a special impregnation to protect them from the harmful effects of moisture;
• It is best to start building a cellar in the summer, when the groundwater level is at the lower level. In this case, the soil will be the driest, and the risk of flooding of the structure will be minimal;
• To ensure efficient storage of products, it is very important to consider the ventilation system;
• if you want the structure to maintain the desired temperature, it is recommended that when building a cellar with your own hands, you make two doors separated by a vestibule;

• special attention should also be paid to thermal insulation, then the optimal temperature in the cellar will be ensured at any time of the year;
• The choice of tools and materials for construction is very important, so you should familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages in advance various types. The construction itself must be carried out in a clearly recommended order.

Features of using various materials

Most often, materials such as brick or concrete blocks are used in construction. They tolerate it best high humidity and low temperatures, and are also characterized by durability, reliability and relatively low cost. When building a brick cellar with your own hands, you should take into account the operational characteristics of each type of this material:

• cinder block or foam brick is characterized by increased fragility, so these varieties are not recommended for use in the construction of underground storage;
• sand-lime brick is more durable, but reacts very poorly to high humidity. This means that a building made from it cannot boast of a long service life;

• red brick is an ideal option for a cellar in a private house. How to make a building from this material as efficient as possible can be learned from numerous step-by-step instructions from specialists.

If you decide to use concrete blocks during construction, then you will definitely need specialized construction equipment, since they are characterized by heavy weight. A cellar made from them will last a long time and maintain the temperature well.

Also, when building a cellar in a house with your own hands, you can use bricks that have already been used, if its condition allows it. And if you are simply going to line an earthen pit with wooden boards, they must be thoroughly treated with antiseptics to prevent rotting.

Note! Usage concrete slabs, reinforced with metal, is also possible. But in this case it will be quite difficult to maintain the desired temperature, so this material should not be used for a building in which you are going to store food.

Do-it-yourself cellar at the dacha: step-by-step construction guide

Strict adherence to the sequence of actions is the key proper cellar. How to make the construction as efficient as possible, spending a minimum of time and effort on it? For this installation work must be done in a certain order.

Arrangement of the pit

The turf is removed from the selected area, after which the ground is leveled and markings are made. Many photos of a do-it-yourself cellar show that specialized construction equipment is often used to build a pit, but if this is not possible, then you can use shovels and spades. Job advantage hand tools is that this allows you to preserve the structure of the soil. If the soil in the selected area is loose, then the walls of the pit should be sloped to avoid crumbling.

The dimensions of the cellar depend solely on your needs, but remember that the size of the pit should be 0.5 m larger than the size of the structure itself. In the process of building a cellar with your own hands, the excavated fertile soil can be distributed throughout the summer cottage. After finishing the work, the evenness of the bottom should be measured with a level and corrected if necessary.

Construction of the foundation

Although you can do without this stage (by simply filling the bottom of the pit with crushed stone or filling it with bitumen), the arrangement of the foundation will increase the level of waterproofing of the cellar from groundwater. How to make the foundation as efficient as possible, but not too expensive? To do this, you can use a reinforcing frame, on top of which a concrete mixture is poured. The recommended foundation height is about 40 cm. Installation of the foundation is prerequisite when building a cellar in a country house with your own hands, if groundwater is close. Thematic videos on the Internet will tell you how to make the foundation correctly.

Walling

If you use bricks to build a cellar under your house with your own hands, then you will need a number specialized tools. These include a trowel, construction cord, mason's hammer, building level and a bucket for the solution. For greater efficiency, you should use the help of another person.

A mixture of clay and sand or cement can be used as a mortar connecting the bricks. When building an underground or above-ground cellar with your own hands, laying should begin from the corners, and the first row is laid without using mortar in order to more accurately plan the position of the wall. The bricks of the next rows must be sunk into the mortar until the seam thickness is approximately 12 mm.

Helpful advice! Be sure to use a building level and plumb line when laying walls. Using the first, you check how evenly the brick is laid, and using the second, the correctness of the angles.

DIY cellar floor installation

When constructing a ceiling, it is best to use wooden boards. If the structure is being built under a house, then beams can be used as a ceiling, and the ceiling of an above-ground cellar at the dacha is made with your own hands step by step from PKZh slabs or slate. In this case, the surface can be flat or gable.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling is done according to the same principle as the thermal insulation of a conventional roof - the gap between the wooden beams and the roofing material is filled with a layer of thermal insulation.

Types and features of floor installation in the cellar

There are many various options when arranging the floor in the cellar, which one is better depends on your preferences, the purpose of the building, the characteristics of the soil and other factors. You should also familiarize yourself with the specifics of each method in advance; this will help you quickly and efficiently build a cellar with your own hands. Both video and photo instructions can greatly facilitate the installation process.

Dirt floor- the simplest and cheap option. There is a misconception that the correct floor in the cellar should only be earthen, but this is not so. Even well-compacted soil will not protect the room from dampness and mold.

If you nevertheless decide to make a dirt floor in the cellar, then the base must be carefully leveled and compacted, after which a layer of gravel about 10 cm thick is poured. The advantage of this option is zero installation cost, but there are many more disadvantages. These include a high risk of flooding of the premises and a high probability that metal elements will rust, and wooden ones will rot.

Concrete floor- a good option to protect the room from high groundwater. Concrete screed can act not only as a floor covering, but also as a base for the installation of other materials.

To build a concrete floor, it is very important to level the surface, after which a cushion of crushed stone and sand 15-20 cm thick is installed. The sand must be thoroughly moistened and compacted, and bitumen must be poured on top. In order for the concrete base to be as strong as possible, you can install on top of a layer of bitumen metal grill. After this, you can begin pouring concrete.

You can install the waterproofing layer either on a sand cushion or on top of concrete. In the second case, it is necessary to pour another concrete layer on top.

Clay floor- a reliable, but very labor-intensive option in terms of installation. Requires large quantity high-quality material, so it is used quite rarely. Clay is considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials. It is laid on a base of crushed stone 10-15 cm thick, which can be impregnated with bitumen. Under the clay, it is worth installing a layer of waterproofing made of roofing felt or other material, and cracks that may form after drying are sealed with a clay-lime mixture.

Brick covering– strong, durable and attractive appearance. In addition, the material is quite cheap and easy to install. The brick floor is laid on a bed of fine crushed stone or gravel, and a clay mortar is poured on top. The bricks are slightly sunk into the mortar close to each other. You can also hammer cement mortar into the seams between the bricks using a stiff brush.

Wooden floor– used in ground options cellars or where groundwater is very deep. Before installation, wood must be treated with special impregnations to extend its service life. Wooden boards are mounted on top of timber logs, which, in turn, are laid on a base of crushed stone and clay. It is best to fasten the boards using self-tapping screws, but you can simply nail them.

Note! For each of the materials you will need a separate set of tools, which it is better to purchase in advance.

Design and installation of a ventilation system

If you are building a ground-based structure, then the flow of air into the cellar can occur naturally through small openings. For underground structures, ventilation must be supply and exhaust. The outlet of the exhaust pipe should be located near the ceiling, and the suction pipe should be located near the floor. Many do-it-yourself photos of a cellar in a country house show that the ventilation outlets are equipped with special curtains, this allows you to more accurately control the temperature in the room.

Installation of stairs and doors

If the cellar is being built under the house or if you need to save space, you should make an almost vertical staircase to the cellar with your own hands. How to make it as safe as possible for descent? It is recommended to use handrails. Photos of a do-it-yourself cellar staircase show that it can be built from wooden planks fixed directly into the ground, as well as from brick or other materials.

Doors are mounted in ground-based design options; in other cases, a hatch is used. Making a cellar hatch with your own hands is quite simple.

Making a hatch

If the cellar is located under a house or outbuilding, then a hatch is used as an entrance partition. You can buy a cellar hatch, or you can make it yourself. The second option will allow you to get a design that exactly suits your needs. Self-installation includes the following steps:

• a location for the future entrance is selected. It is very important that access to it is as simple as possible and not cluttered with shelves, drawers and other objects;
• The dimensions of the hatch are determined. It all depends on your needs, but its parameters should not be less than 75x75 cm. In order for the room to be airtight, the side edges of the hatch must be sheathed with a sealant;
• a cellar hatch cover is being made. How to make it light and durable? For this, it is best to use wooden boards impregnated with drying oil. They are connected to each other with slats, and a sheet of plywood is nailed to one side of the lid. If we are talking about a cellar in a residential building, then the top of the hatch cover can be sheathed with the same floor covering as the floor around it. It is worth considering that if you plan to install a cellar hatch under tiles, its design must be made of sufficiently durable materials that can withstand all the ceramics. If you prefer to use steel, then for the lid you will need a sheet with a thickness of at least 3 mm, which is welded onto a metal frame;

• a handle is attached. The best option would be a special hidden or folding design. If the cellar is in non-residential premises or there is a need to save money, then you can use a regular door handle;
• the hinges are screwed on. These can be regular door hinges or car hinges with springs. The latter option will make it easier to open the lid and fix it in any position.

There are many answers to the question of how to make a cellar hatch with your own hands, so you should choose the option that is most suitable in your particular case.

Wiring and lighting

Due to the fact that the design of the cellar provides for high humidity, the wiring in it must be reliably insulated. The best option for wiring is copper wires with double layer of insulation. Light bulbs should be placed in the driest places and additionally equipped with protective caps. It is strictly forbidden to make sockets when building a cellar. How to properly make wiring as safe as possible can be seen in training videos from specialists.

Installation of waterproofing in the cellar

As already mentioned, insulation from moisture is very important point when building a cellar at the dacha with your own hands. How to make waterproofing most effective - there are many options, and the choice of the optimal one depends on the level of soil moisture and the design features of the building.

Waterproofing can be external or internal. The external one is done during the construction stage, while the external walls are sheathed with insulating materials, and drains are installed, drainage wells and other designs. Internal insulation done after the cellar is built. In this case, before using insulating materials, groundwater must be drained, otherwise the work will be ineffective.

Types of materials used for internal waterproofing

If you made a cellar in your country house with your own hands from waterproof concrete, then you are unlikely to need additional cladding insulating material. But for a brick structure you can use the following waterproofing options:

• mastic or bitumen - used in cases where the groundwater level is below floor level. The solution is heated and thin layer applied to walls, resulting in the formation of a reliable waterproof film;

• – the most expensive, but also the most effective option. It is good because it increases not only the level of resistance of walls to moisture, but also their frost resistance. Also, penetrating waterproofing reliably seals all cracks and micropores, is characterized by a long service life and is quickly installed;
• Cement-based polymer mortar is one of the most reliable and easy-to-apply waterproofing materials. It fits tightly to the walls and reliably protects them from mechanical damage;
• moisture insulation membrane type– consists of various polymers, among which liquid rubber based on bitumen is very popular.

Note! It is very important to have effective ventilation for reliable waterproofing of a cellar in a country house with your own hands. How to build a ventilation system so that excess moisture does not condense in the storage? The installation of a supply and exhaust system is best suited for this.

Procedure for installing waterproofing

Numerous photos of a cellar in a private house show that waterproofing can be hidden under decorative wall panels. This is not a prerequisite, but only affects the appearance of the walls. The nuances of installing a waterproofing layer depend on the type of material chosen.

Waterproofing using bitumen or mastic for the walls of the cellar under the house with your own hands, as a rule, is not difficult. To do this, the walls must first be plastered, and the waterproofing itself is best applied in two layers. Before the coating dries completely, it is recommended to sprinkle it with fine dry sand.

Before installing penetrating moisture insulation, the surface of the walls must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust, and then moistened with water. After applying the insulation layer for several days, it also needs to be constantly moistened. Before installing penetrating waterproofing, concrete walls are treated with a wire brush.

For application liquid rubber, the walls must be leveled and cleaned. After this, the surface is primed and applied to it using a brush, spatula or roller. waterproofing material. Decoration Materials can be mounted directly on a layer of liquid rubber after it has dried. Photos of wine cellars, for example, show that the walls are lined with wood panels.

The cement-polymer mixture is applied to well-moistened walls using notched trowel or brushes. It is best to do this in several layers.

DIY installation of shelves in the cellar: photos and instructions

Shelves and racks are integral elements of any cellar and basement. There are several types of cellar racks, which can be bought in specialized stores, but it is much easier and more economical to make them yourself. The most popular options are the following:

• Wooden shelving is one of the most common answers to the question of what to make a shelf from in the cellar. The material is environmentally friendly and easy to use, and for shelving it is best to use timber with a cross-section of 100x100 mm and boards 3-4 cm thick. The installation scheme is very simple - racks are made from timber, in which sockets are cut to secure the shelves. In order for wooden shelves to last longer, they are impregnated with special compounds;

• Concrete shelving is a good option if you want to know how to make your cellar shelves as durable and moisture-resistant as possible. To create concrete shelves, you can use reinforced concrete slabs or niches in the walls that are filled with concrete screed;
• shelves made of steel angle – used in rooms with low humidity levels, otherwise the structures can very quickly begin to rust. In order to make a shelf in the cellar for cans, as a rule, it is used welding machine, but you can get by with simple self-tapping screws. First, frames are made from metal slats, then shelves are attached to them;
• plastic shelving is one of the most economical and simple options, which is distinguished by its attractive appearance and resistance to moisture. However, plastic does not tolerate well low temperature, therefore cannot boast of durability.

Helpful advice! When wondering how to make a shelf in the cellar with your own hands, and what material to choose for this, consider the level of humidity in the room, as well as the average weight of the cans and boxes that will be stored on the racks. Concrete can easily withstand even very heavy loads, but plastic cannot boast of this.

From the same materials you can make boxes for potatoes in the cellar. As a rule, they are equipped with removable covers, which are installed if necessary. Regardless of what material you choose, in the warm season it is recommended to take shelves and drawers outside to dry. This will prevent the formation of mold and the proliferation of pathogens.

When the construction and interior arrangement of the cellar is completed, you can think about exterior decoration ground structure. Its option depends solely on your preferences - you can simply pour an earthen mound, or you can decorate it with turf or ornamental grass, turning it into an element of landscape design. During the process of building a cellar with your own hands, use video and photo instructions that will help you take into account all the nuances and arrange a practical and functional room.

Preface

Having a well-built cellar in a private home will help preserve vegetables and preserves until the next harvest. There are quite a few solutions for constructing such structures, but the most common is considered to be a cellar under the house.

Cellar or basement?

Reliably storing supplies throughout the winter is an important task for garden owners, so arranging space for potatoes and other vegetables must be done according to all the rules. In order to prevent the potatoes from sprouting and the lids on the jars from rusting, you will have to not only dig a hole. Ventilation, as well as waterproofing and interior decoration must meet certain requirements.

The main point from which all the differences between a cellar and a basement arise is the purpose of each structure. The basement is partially heated, so it is used as workshops, warehouses or other utility rooms, as well as garages, as can be seen in the photo. The structure, which is located under the house and is called a cellar, performs a different function, being a storage for:

• vegetables and fruits;
• jars of jam and pickles;
• homemade wine;
• barrels of sauerkraut, cucumbers or tomatoes.

It is necessary to maintain the appropriate temperature inside the cellar; ventilated drawers, shelves and racks are installed here, the successful placement of which is often photographed. The construction of a cellar, unlike a basement, requires less space, and its decoration can be quite simple and uncomplicated.

Is it possible to make a cellar in the basement?

If there is a cool basement under the floor of the house and the temperature in it remains relatively low even in the summer, you can allocate part of it to make storage for vegetables. This option is quite acceptable. But there’s no way to create a basement in the cellar, and you won’t even be able to find photos of such “transformations.”

To build a cellar under the house with your own hands in the basement area, you need to separate a smaller part of it wooden partition. Inside you will need to install shelving, make separate lighting and ventilation. To keep the cellar cool, you should install a thermal insulation layer. It is important that heated air does not enter inside, and the temperature is maintained at a level slightly above zero degrees, which is considered for a cellar optimal mode. It is better if the storage facility has an individual descent and complete autonomy from the main basement. Finishing the cellar should include treating the walls with one of the following compounds:

• antifungal;
• slaked lime;
• copper sulfate.

For thermal insulation, choose polystyrene foam or glass insulation. In numerous photos posted on this site, you can see that the front trim is made from fiberboard or plywood sheets. To prevent soil from the cellar from entering the house, a layer of expanded clay, pebbles, or straw is placed on its floor.

Advantages of a cellar located under the house

There are many positive aspects that speak in favor of installing a vegetable storage facility directly under the house. First of all, there is no need to allocate a separate place for construction, which is especially important for small garden plots. IN winter period you don’t need to dress specially to get a jar of cucumbers or a few potatoes for borscht.

At high level groundwater no need to install separately drainage system, which will require additional material investments. And only one pit will need to be made. It should be noted, however, that if the water level in the ground is high, it is not recommended to create a cellar located under the house, since it will be too damp, and during the period of snow melting, water will most likely appear in the vegetable storage. Although good waterproofing and underground drainage can correct the situation.

Construction of a cellar during the construction of a house

Responsible owners are concerned about the question of how to build a cellar located under the floor of the house correctly, so that no problems arise later, and its photo can be shown to friends. There can be only one answer here - it is necessary to carefully approach all stages of construction, from excavation work to the installation of shelving. This structure must be erected at the stage of laying the foundation, since subsequently dismantling the floor and digging a deep and wide hole under it will be difficult and impractical. During the construction process you will need:

• dig a pit;
• build walls;
• perform waterproofing and, if necessary, thermal insulation;
• install the ceiling and hatch;
• make cellar ventilation under the house;
• fill the floor with sand or pour concrete;
• finish the internal surfaces;
• install drawers and shelves;
• build a ladder.

To prevent a “surprise” in the form of leaking water from accidentally appearing in the cellar during a flood or heavy, prolonged rainfall, before starting to dig a pit, you will need to find out at what level the groundwater lies. You can look into the nearest wells, and if there are none, drill a well at least 2.5 meters deep and wait a couple of days to see whether water appears in it or not.

The depth of the cellar is determined depending on the groundwater level (GWL), taking into account the requirements for its minimum depth of 1.8 meters. At shallower depths:

• it will be inconvenient to stay and move in the storage;
• the air temperature will rise 7–8 degrees higher, which will affect the preservation of vegetables.

The ideal option is the distance from the groundwater horizon during a flood to the cellar floor - at least a meter. For lower values, enhanced waterproofing of the walls and floor of the building or the construction of a separate semi-underground cellar will be required. Photos of similar buildings can be seen here. The optimal depth of the cellar under the house is considered to be 1.9–2.25 meters.

The storage area for vegetables must be at least five square meters. The dimensions of the pit are determined taking into account the thickness of the walls (25–30 cm) and the cavities intended for applying waterproofing and installation on the outside of the clay castle. The walls of the cellar are made from:

• monolithic reinforced concrete;
• red brick;
• cinder blocks;
• logs

After the device sand cushion(up to 20 cm high), laying a layer of crushed stone (10 cm thick) and reinforcing mesh made of wire rod (0.6 cm in diameter), the floor in the cellar is poured with concrete. In this case, it is necessary to maintain the slope of the base towards the technical pit intended for collecting condensate or in case of groundwater.

Then the installation of heat, steam and waterproofing of the floor and hatch is carried out. This will avoid the appearance of excessive condensation on the ceiling, the penetration of cool air and a specific smell into the house. Simple finishing the cellar requires wall cladding wood materials, such as slab or lining. Look at the photo to see what it looks like in reality. To avoid the appearance of mold and rotting processes, they are treated with compounds containing an antiseptic.

An interesting fact is that finishing a cellar can be expensive and exclusive. For example, in the photo of wine cellars you can see that they are lined with natural expensive materials and decorated with exclusive elements. Inside there are chairs, tasting and chess tables, audio systems. And all this, if desired, can be done directly under your home.

Waterproofing

If water penetrates into the cellar, you do not have the slightest chance of saving the harvest. But water will not be able to get inside the storage facility if its walls and floor are well insulated, and all cracks and seams are hermetically sealed.

Roofing felt glued to hot bitumen is traditionally used as waterproofing. From the inside, walls and floors can also be treated with penetrating waterproofing mastics and coating mixtures with good adhesion. In modern waterproofing compounds and masonry mortars special additives are added to increase moisture resistance and help create a durable layer that prevents breakouts or punctures. When choosing waterproofing, it is recommended to give preference to coating materials.

In the case of groundwater lying close to the surface of the earth, it is necessary to install a high-quality drainage system that will remove moisture not only from the cellar, but also from the entire house.

Ventilation

Installing the best waterproofing will not save your home vegetable storage from the presence of increased moisture in the absence of ventilation. The resulting condensate has negative impact on vegetables and fruits in boxes, nets and containers. To get rid of it, you will need properly executed supply and exhaust ventilation of the cellar, the installation of which should be given special attention. Signs that ventilation is inadequate include:

• stale, heavy air;
• the appearance of mold and mildew;
• feeling of dankness and dampness.

Ventilation is installed from two sections of pipes, which are located in opposite corners of the cellar. One of them, the exhaust one, is installed under the ceiling, and the other, the supply one, half a meter from the floor. Both pipes should go out to the street at the same level, but it is allowed for the top of the supply pipe to be lower.

For device forced ventilation An electric fan is installed in the exhaust pipe. Additionally helps remove unnecessary moisture quicklime, the bucket with which is placed in one of the corners of the building.

The cellar under the house is very convenient to use and pleases its owners in winter time of the year. In numerous photos posted on the Internet, you can see excellent examples of such premises. But for its proper functioning, a number of requirements must be met, including the installation of reliable waterproofing and ventilation. At the right approach it's not too much difficult task, so don’t just place vegetables underground; it would be wiser to dig a full-fledged cellar.