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Most private housing projects involve a second floor or attic, and here the question arises - how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor. At a quick glance at the illustrations, it seems that only a talented craftsman can master a reliable and aesthetic staircase. But this is quite possible for anyone who has experience working with wood. You can order ready-made balusters and other elements in a carpentry workshop. But it’s much more pleasant to complete all the stages of making the stairs yourself, using the tips in the article.

Main types of stairs and their design features

Construction of a wooden staircase to the second floor of a private house requires skills in using tools, drawing up drawings and preliminary sketches. This is necessary to:

• see the main structural details;
• identify advantages and disadvantages;
• understand how the design can be refined and improved;
• determine how it will be decorated;
• think over its main supports for greater reliability;
• work out the dimensions of the steps so that it is not only comfortable on the descent and ascent, but also completely safe.

Choosing wood as the main structural material is correct both from the point of view of the environmental friendliness of the material and for reasons of practicality. Wood is a pleasure to work with for experienced professionals and novice craftsmen who want to know how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor? But it is important to choose the option that is feasible at this stage, and it is important that it fits harmoniously into the overall design of the house. This is a malleable material that, if present, suitable tool allows you to make a staircase of any shape:

• straight or round;
• simple or decorative;
• massive or lightweight.

Based on the type of construction, a distinction is made between marching (straight) and spiral (rounded) staircases. Wooden spiral staircases those on the second floor are more beautiful, but also more difficult to manufacture structural parts and assemble, so they are quite rare. Basically, this is appropriate when there is limited space, if an inclined flight of stairs is practically placed, only vertically between floors. It requires special installation precision and special design details, such as rounded railings.

But we can give an example of a parable about a Chinese master to whom a student came. The old man appreciated the admiration for the beautiful vase and the young man’s desire to master old technology, V general outline describing the features of the craft. But the impatient young man interrupted the master and asked why not make an elegant product, as in the sample, but simpler and faster, using modern technologies. But the wise old man replied that when he was young, there was no technology, only the secrets of craftsmanship, so he studied not from the primitive, but from perfect models.

Of course, today many are trying to use modern woodworking methods, machines and convenient power tool. And if no one knew how to make the simplest version of a straight staircase, they would try to master a more complex one technological process- wooden stairs to the second floor, photo:

Some complex designs are really not worth taking on, especially if it is author's design from real masters. But they can be used as inspiration, so that you have something to strive for.

For those who are confident in their abilities and are ready to learn good examples, it is better to start with a marching wooden staircase for the second floor. Depending on the area of ​​the room allocated for its design, you can choose not only a straight staircase, but also a rotary staircase. Up to the second floor they usually do:

• straight one marching stairs;
• rotary;
• screw;
• U-shaped two-flight;
• L-shaped two-flight stairs.

It is advisable to separate the installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor with more than 10 steps by a landing and a turn, after which it can ascend along the wall at different angles:

• 180º,
• 360º (helical).

Attention: Spiral staircases are structures with limited functionality, since it is difficult to lift heavy furniture and other large loads to the second floor. It cannot be shared by 2 people, and only 1 person can use it at a time. They are suitable when another staircase leads to the second floor.

Main structural details of a wooden flight of stairs

To make a wooden staircase to the second floor you will need a lot of wood. Structurally, it is a broken plane (steps and risers) with additional limiting elements. They all have their own names.

To make the parts of the staircase in a private house leading to the second floor, use high-quality dry boards or timber, without knots or other defects. Suitable:

• 40mm bars (steps);
• edged board of the same section or similar in thickness;
• For additional structural parts, you can take a thinner board.

Tip: The thickness of the balusters varies depending on general design, but you should not burden the structure of a wooden staircase with too massive railings with wide turned parts. It is much more expedient to order ready-made balusters turned on a machine from a carpentry shop.

A small dictionary:

• railings consist of handrails and balusters of different sizes and shapes;
• stringers - load-bearing beams on the sides of the steps, and these beams bear the main load, they hold the steps and risers;
• risers are needed to close the gaps between the steps, but you can do without them;
• the bowstring is part of the supporting structure, but less reliable than the stringer;
• stair steps - the main parts touched by the feet, consisting of a tread (horizontal) and a riser (vertical board under the step);
• The design of turning stairs includes additional supporting parts.

Attention: To save money, steps are often made narrower than the width of the foot. But if you can climb up the stairs comfortably and without touching your heels, but going down the narrow treads is inconvenient or even dangerous!

Steps come in different shapes, and even in one design of a wooden staircase they can be successfully combined:

• rectangular,
• radius,
• rounded edges;
• rounded corners;
• winders, non-standard shape;
• steps rotating with a certain angle.

How to make calculations and drawings?

Before you start making a wooden staircase to the second floor of a private house, you definitely need calculations and a drawing.

Attention: The staircase sketch can be developed on a computer using interior design programs for better visualization. Drawings and calculations for the number of steps on a wooden staircase to the second floor are made independently or using specialized architectural programs. Such services can be performed by architects or carpentry workers, as well as companies specializing in the manufacture of stairs. The quality and accuracy of the calculations will be guaranteed, although all calculations can be done independently.

Important: The choice of the design of a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands is based not so much on aesthetic preferences, but on safe and convenient movement. It should be so comfortable that daily use There should be no discomfort when ascending or descending.

Let us remind you a little about how to calculate a wooden staircase to the second floor. All calculations of the height and width of the structural parts of the stairs are done in different ways:

• according to formulas;
• according to a computer program;
• simple calculations.

The width of the steps depends on the width of the doorway, and if the stairs go from one door to another on the floor above, they are guided by the size of the passage to the second floor. And in order to calculate the number of steps, it is important to take into account their height (including the thickness of the board), divided by the distance from the floor to the top of the second floor. But there are many subtleties that are important to consider, for example, a rotating design involves a landing that will replace one step. There may be a wide winder step at the bottom that does not fit into the general calculations.

Tip: Flat wide stairs They are considered the most convenient, but they also take up a lot of space. However, under it you can equip a pantry, toilet or niches for working tools and useful items.

The calculation of a comfortable staircase is twice the height of the riser plus the width of the tread (step) and is directly proportional to the average step of a person. At the same time, the step of a person of average height on a straight plane is about 600-640 mm.

Attention: Climbing stairs is calculated using the formula: 2a+b = 600...640 mm.

It is also important to consider sufficient height free space above your head so you don’t have to bend over when there’s another flight of stairs above. Calculations begin with measurements of the height between floors and the parameters of the staircase opening, after which you can make drawings of wooden stairs to the second floor:

• the angle of rise of the stairs varies between 23° - 45°;
• the width of the tread (step), taking into account the width of the foot, ranges from 200 to 330 mm;
• height of risers in the range of 150 - 180mm;
• overhang of the tread over the step below within 50 mm.

A greater overhang is made when the width of the steps is forced to increase when the size of the flight is insufficient. Having made all the calculations, you can purchase lumber or order ready-made structural parts. When ordering a project and structural elements from a specialized company, make sure that:

• the wood was dry and of high quality;
• all parts are numbered and correspond to the drawings or sketches;
• all cuts and grooves where small parts should fit were designed;
• the surfaces are processed (grinding, rounding, etc.), that is, they are completely ready for quick assembly.

Further work will resemble assembly children's construction set. However, if you are wondering how to build a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, then if you have a good tool, you can do all the work yourself. Perhaps this experience will become your profitable business in the future.

Each staircase option needs its own step-by-step technology. In general terms, it is better to familiarize yourself with this process in the master class. To avoid any incomprehensible moments, watch the video about the wooden staircase to the second floor:

The simplest plan for constructing a staircase

You shouldn’t start with stairs of complex design, so let’s start getting acquainted with a straight single-flight design. Rough plan works:

• We make calculations, make a sketch or diagram of the stairs;
• we make a reference blank for the tread and riser, according to which we then measure the remaining parts of our steps so that there are no different sizes due to errors;
• we mark and cut out stringers with notches for steps.

Tip: It is most convenient to work with a power tool, and if you do not have one, we recommend renting one. To save on the number of days of skiing, do all the calculations in advance so that you can do it in 1 day. Having returned it, set aside a day for assembly, inviting 1-2 assistants or auxiliary workers.

The stringers are placed parallel, on a place convenient for attaching steps, temporarily fixed with wooden slats through 3-4 cutouts.

It is more convenient to first install risers, which will add strength to the wooden structure. And we’re already building on this foundation. stair steps screwdriver.

Attention: Before fixing the staircase parts, it is important to sand all surfaces and remove all irregularities in the cross sections. The rounded and milled edges look beautiful.

The most difficult task remains - to securely fasten this heavy structure to the passage to the 2nd floor. They do it different ways, for example, so that the top of the span is attached to special wooden racks or directly to the floor and ceiling with special parts.

The final stage is securing the handrails with balusters, and attaching the railings to them. After this, the stairs are covered with stain and varnished or painted with enamel. A good addition would be LED lighting.

Attention: Another staircase layout will differ in installation, so use the above as an example. For 2-flight staircases, the platform and supports are first secured, to which the flights are led - photo.

Modern trends towards rational use of territory, more than ever, encourage building houses not “width”, but “height”. This applies to private buildings, but even apartment residents are trying to organize a multi-level layout, thereby expanding the usable area. To combine the upper and lower spaces, it becomes necessary to build a staircase to the second floor, the features of which we will dwell on in more detail.

Types of stairs by design

When designing a staircase, you will first have to focus not on the design, but on the area of ​​the room in order to select the ideal product in design and size. There are two main types:

Marching stairs

A common version of stairs, designed taking into account the biomechanics of movements and providing comfortable, safe movement. They consist of marches ranging from 3 to 15 steps. If the maximum number is not enough, the height is divided into two openings, between which a small platform or winder steps. Such structures are already called two-flight.

Marching stairs vary in shape and can be straight, rotary (L-shaped or U-shaped) or curved. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to rely on the area of ​​the room, the height of the ceilings, and the location of the second floor.

Based on the type of supporting structure, there are two types of marching products: on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are laid on top of the beam, and in the second - with inside special grooves are made in the supporting element.

You will also have to choose the type of steps. Details with risers look more massive and will fit perfectly into classic interior, and those without them are suitable for a modern home due to their lightweight construction.

In general, staircases are presented in a wide range, and even for small ones you can choose a suitable example or combine it with other items.

Spiral staircases

The principle of such structures is very simple: steps are attached to an installed rod, which rise upward in a spiral. They do not take up extra space and are quite compact.

The main reason why spiral staircases are inferior to marching ones is the difficulty of moving due to the lack of strong support. It is not recommended to install such an instance in a house where children or elderly people live. Considered optimal following parameters: the central width of the steps should be at least 20 cm, and the widest part should be no more than 40 cm.

In other cases, spiral staircases can be considered excellent option for both modern and classic styles. Thanks to their spiral shape, they become a key element of the interior, and products will help diversify the design different forms- from square to octagonal.

Stairs on rails

It is not possible to install this type of staircase in the center of the room - it is supported by a load-bearing wall, to which the steps are attached using bolts. Collected into one system they form a single load-bearing element, giving lightweight design, an almost weightless appearance, thanks to which it is often used in modern interiors.

Despite the visual fragility, the products can withstand from 500 to 1100 kg, depending on the material and manufacturer. In addition, the bolts allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation.

Staircases on rails with railings, which take part of the load upon themselves, are popular. You can experiment with the base, shape and lighting to create a unique look for your home.

Choosing material for the stairs

Stairs are made from different materials, which give them certain aesthetic and practical properties.

Wooden stairs

When imagining a staircase in a house, an image of a solid wooden structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture immediately appears. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or minimalist wood of simple species. Optimal options Ash, walnut, and beech are considered, but pine is not strong enough to withstand the required load. Varnish coating will protect from negative impact environment, but it will have to be updated regularly.

This material is suitable for any designs, but looks most organically as marching products. For country or American style such a solution is irreplaceable.

Metal stairs

Metal structures will serve you for half a century, maintaining their original, neat appearance. appearance. To do this, select instances from of stainless steel, which does not corrode, since chrome-plated or painted versions have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.

The plasticity of the base allows you to give the staircase and its parts any shape. Metal is often combined with other materials, such as wood, glass, concrete. It makes elegant wrought iron handrails.

Concrete stairs

Unlike more natural materials, concrete does not have lightness or sophistication; in its pure form it is unlikely to fit into a classic interior, but instead will give a feeling of solidity and integrity.

Such structures are quite reliable, can withstand high loads and do not deteriorate over time. Unfortunately, they are difficult to install yourself, but the low cost of raw materials makes up for this drawback.

An important advantage of concrete stairs is the possibility of decorating them: with stone, wood or even tiles. The unique rough texture will not be noticeable, but you will get an aesthetic design at an affordable cost.

Stone stairs

Marble has a stunning deep texture, but as a stair covering it wears out quickly, within just a few years. Granite or quartzite have the opposite properties. Much cheaper artificial analogues also cope well with their role.

Stone stairs are often combined with metal handrails, and by adjusting the decor you can fit them into many styles.

Glass stairs

If the first place comes to design, which does not require ten years of good “service”, glass structures no competitors. Steps are made from this material, which are attached to bolts or used on spiral staircases. It acts harmoniously in tandem with metal, enhancing the gloss effect and imparting reliability to such a fragile product.

Indeed, glass stairs can be damaged by a strong impact, but even without it, noticeable scratches appear on the surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to take hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered the most reliable, but tends to darken over time.

Styles and design

Because of their shape, stairs often stand out among the interior ensemble, while remaining an organic part of it. To do this, when developing a design, you need to focus on the basic style of the premises.

Staircases in a modern style

Modern aesthetics loves laconicism and restraint, the use of practical materials, their combination to create more complex type. Preference is given to pure geometric shapes, lines, and smooth surfaces.

The style works with the features of the space, so the type of staircase design can be any, the main thing is that it looks good in the interior.

Classic style stairs

As mentioned above, classics are characterized by the use of three materials: wood, metal and decorative stone, among which the first is clearly the leader. Initially, you need to choose rooms with a large area, since even the staircase here has a massive appearance.

Often these are marching products on stringers or bowstrings with closed risers, divided into several spans and fenced with strong railings, often with characteristic carvings.

Loft style stairs

Concrete stairs to the second floor harmoniously interact with the style of the loft, emphasizing its industrial character. However, other bases would also look appropriate.

The staircase must be extremely simple design, providing comfortable movement. Since the loft interior, according to the rules, is placed on large areas, then you don’t have to worry about the size of the structure.

Stairs in minimalist style

It is desirable that minimalist staircases attract attention to themselves as little as possible. Ideally, they should fit into the overall volume of the room, forming a single functional whole with it.

Means of expression are kept to a minimum: the texture of the material, smooth lines, natural colors. Perfect solution- steps on rails.

Art Deco staircases

Elegant and multifaceted Art Deco strives to emphasize its “status” in all details - from the base of the stairs to the railings. The latter can repeat complex, intertwining patterns inspired by floral images.

Marching staircases will look monumental and noble; spiral staircases, due to their spiral shape, themselves correspond to the Art Deco style, but bolt fastenings will seem too simple.

Where to post: basic rules

Installing stairs to the second floor is a very personal process that depends on the size, layout and height of the ceilings in your space.

The most popular place for a staircase remains the hallway, especially in spacious mansions. This way, when you enter the house, you immediately have access to all rooms without wandering through the corridors.

The second most popular place to place a lift is the living room. This is convenient for buildings with a medium area, if the second floor leads to a private room, for example, a bedroom. In the hall combined with the kitchen, the stairs can be used for zoning.

To somehow compensate for the impressive size of the staircase, it can be combined with another functional item, using the empty space. This applies to marching structures located next to the wall. The construction of such products is more complex and requires detailed measurements and careful planning, but the final result will allow you to make maximum use of every square meter of the room.

The under-staircase area can serve as a frame for cabinets. The solution is relevant in the hall (storage of clothes and shoes) or living room (for a home library and household items).

The staircase can be organized in the form of a wall in the living room, along the protruding parts of which movement between floors is carried out.

Connoisseurs of quality drinks can arrange for themselves large collection wines, enclosing it with glass doors and installing lighting.

In the resulting niche you can put a small sofa, decorate cozy place for relaxation and privacy, and install shelves on the side walls.

The space under the stairs is suitable for creating separate room- pantry, office or mini-workshop. Any child will be delighted with such a secluded children's playroom.

Using these ideas will allow you to take a different look at stairs in the house, which will turn from a bulky object into a functional solution.

Design of the staircase to the second floor - photo

It is difficult not to notice the staircase even in the most spacious interior, which is why so much attention is paid to its design. Even more diverse shapes, decor options and layouts are in our photo selection. Enjoy watching!

at 09/06/2018 6,928 Views

The staircase is of great functional importance - it connects several floors

Construction trend two-story cottages due to two factors: the desire to increase living space and preserve free space land plot. And then wooden stairs in a private house become an important element of the project. They act as a functional link between floors and require a competent approach to their arrangement.

• Technical requirements
• Design nuances
• Classification
• Material and style



An original functional solution - one of the steps of the staircase smoothly flows into a desk

Technical requirements for a wooden staircase to the second floor

Even the most elegant and stylish wooden staircase to the second floor must comply with the standards and technical requirements requirements for its construction. First of all, it must be durable, comfortable and safe. In terms of functionality, the staircase must meet three conditions: constructiveness, decorativeness and utilitarianism. This means that the stepped structure fits perfectly into the interior of the house, does not clutter up the space and is comfortable to use.



High railings will make the stairs safer



Graceful spiral staircase

If we look at the digital values ​​included in regulatory requirements, then they specify the value individual elements wooden stairs - the width of the opening, the height and width of the steps. Here is the minimum for each element that is not recommended to be crossed:

• opening width – at least 1 meter;
• height of steps – at least 12 cm;
• step width – at least 25 cm;



Inside flights of stairs there is a large shelf with books - functional and unusual



Spectacular staircase in modern style

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The size of the area between floors must be at least 1 square. m. The height of the railing is measured not lower than the level of the hips of a person of average height.

These are the optimally convenient dimensions that should be followed when constructing any types of stairs.



When designing a staircase, pay maximum attention to its ergonomic dimensions



A staircase divided into several small flights will be more comfortable for climbing.



Spectacular design of a spiral wooden staircase

TOP 10 wooden stairs to the second floor (photo, price)

Model
Characteristics
Coniferous staircase LS-92


• Stair height: 2475 mm
• Minimum opening for 2nd floor: 1800 x 830 mm
• Dimensions in plan: 1850 x 1030 mm
• March width: 720 mm
• Material: pine needles
• March inclination angle: 45°
• Number of steps: 11 pcs
• Number of lifting steps: 12
• Step thickness: 40 mm
• Step height: 225 mm

Staircase made of pine needles LS-01U


• Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 2700 mm
• Minimum opening for 2nd floor: 1640 x 900 mm
• Dimensions in plan: 1650 x 1390 mm
• Possible turns: right, left
• March width: 730 mm
• Material: needles
• March inclination angle: 37°
• Number of steps: 13 pcs
• Number of lifting steps: 14
• Step width: 260 mm
• Step thickness: 40 mm
• Step height:193mm

Staircase made of pine needles LS-10U


• Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 2920 mm
• Minimum opening for 2nd floor: 1900 x 850 mm
• Dimensions in plan: 2380 x 830 mm
• March width: 830 mm
• Material: pine needles
• March inclination angle: 53°
• Number of steps: 12 pcs
• Number of lifting steps: 13
• Step width: 170 mm
• Step thickness: 40 mm
• Step height: 225 mm
• The fence can be installed on any side

Coniferous staircase Prestige LP-11


• Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 3200 mm
• Minimum opening for 2nd floor: 1800 x 970 mm
• Dimensions in plan: 2790 x 1000 mm
• March width: 810 mm
• Material: pine needles
• March inclination angle: 50°
• Number of steps: 15 pcs
• Number of lifting steps: 16
• Step width: 210 mm
• Step thickness: 40 mm
• Step height: 200 mm

Pine staircase K-002M/3


• Stair height: 2925 mm
• Minimum opening for the 2nd floor: 2920 x 1560 mm
• Dimensions in plan: 2050 x 2920 mm
• Possible turns: right, left
• Material: pine
• March inclination angle 42°
• Number of steps: 15 pcs
• Step thickness: 40 mm
• Step height: 195 mm

Pine staircase K-033M


• Height from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper floor: 3120 mm
• Stair height: 2925 mm
• Minimum opening for the 2nd floor: 1820 x 1820 mm
• Dimensions in plan: 2050 x 1800 mm
• Possible turns: right, left
• Material: pine
• March width: 950 mm
• March inclination angle 42°
• Number of steps: 15 pcs
• Step thickness: 40 mm
• Step height: 195 mm

Prestige turning staircase


• Standard step height: 190-225 mm
• Step width: 300 mm
• March width: 900 mm
• Step material: pine/beech
• Fencing material: beech, metal
• Material: pine
• Step thickness: 40 mm

Solo turning staircase


• Standard step height: 180-230 mm
• Step width: 300 mm
• March width: 900-1000 mm
• Step material: pine/beech/oak
• Version: without installation/with installation
• Fencing material: standard balusters d 25 mm, beech handrail d 50 mm, forged balusters (additional option)
• Material: pine
• Step thickness: 40 mm

Staircase "SuperElegant" straight


• Step width: 300 mm
• Step material: beech/oak
• Version: without installation/with installation
• Color: optional
• Material: pine
• Step thickness: 40 mm

Staircase "SuperElegant" turning


• Standard step height: 180 mm (step height possible from 140 to 230 mm)
• Step width: 300 mm
• Step material: beech/oak
• Version: without installation/with installation
• Fencing material: standard (metal balusters, beech handrail), forged balusters (additional option)
• Color: optional
• Material: pine
• Step thickness: 40 mm



Small staircase in a pastel interior



Stylish staircase in an eclectic atmosphere

Nuances of staircase designs to the second floor

On initial stage When designing a staircase with a turn, it is necessary to designate its location and decide on the design. Since such a piece of furniture has a decent size, it is natural that it affects both the design of the room and the arrangement of other details. There are a few important things you need to think about.



Turning stairs are very practical

• First, find a convenient location for the beginning and end of the stairs.
• Secondly, solve the issue of organically filling the free space under the stairs.
• Thirdly, think about lighting the staircases.



Beautiful staircase made of light wood

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When starting to calculate the stairs, you need to take into account the following values:

• the total height of the room, including the thickness of the ceiling;
• the width of the opening plus its height between floors.



Interesting modern design

In addition, safety requirements are taken into account. These include reliable fencing and correct lighting, and standard angles of ascent and descent.



Attractive implementation in dark wood



Laconic design of a wooden staircase



Interesting design idea

Types of stairs in a private house

When choosing the type of staircase, you need to rely on the dimensions of the room. For a private house, two design options are acceptable - marching and screw.

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• Marching staircase- This classic type designs that ideally match the biomechanics of human movements. The structure is divided into marches, installed at an angle of 30-45°. It can be angular or straight. The rotation angle of the marches can be 90° (quarter turn) and 180° (half turn). The size of the area between floors must be at least 1 square. m.



Marching staircase with a platform between floors

The advantages of a flight of stairs include ease of manufacture and the highest level of safety. If we talk about the disadvantages, then this is the high consumption of materials and the cumbersome design. Obviously, this type of staircase is suitable for spacious rooms.



Marching staircase with a contrasting color combination

• Screw design The staircase looks impressive, but it is difficult to construct. It is not divided into marches. The chain of steps is strung on one central support and connected to each other by railings. The steps, as a rule, have a wedge shape, in which narrow end attached to the beam.



Wide spiral staircase

The advantages of the screw design are aesthetics, small dimensions and affordable price. The disadvantages include the labor-intensive construction process and increased risk of injury. However this a good option for a room with limited space.



Spiral staircase as an art object

Important! The smaller the opening of the spiral staircase, the steeper the climb. Please note that not every member of your family will be able to handle such a design.



A staircase can be a work of art



Bright staircase with beautiful carvings



Avant-garde design of a wooden staircase

Classification of stairs to the second floor in a private house

In the manufacture of stairs, a certain classification has been adopted, based on the presence or absence of individual elements of the structure. To understand what design you need, let’s take a closer look at the details.

So, for an amateur, a staircase consists of railings and steps. A professional will tell you that a step is a tread and a riser. We place our foot on the tread, and the riser is the height bar for the step. Depending on whether the staircase has a riser or not, it is considered open or closed.



Closed staircase made of light materials

The next criterion by which stairs are distinguished is the method of fastening the steps. For this purpose, stringer beams, bowstrings and support pillars. The first ones support the steps of the stairs from below, in the second case the steps are fixed in the recesses of the fences and supports. In a spiral design, support pillars are used to secure the steps.



This design uses support pillars

If you have a desire to build a staircase with your own hands and you are not embarrassed by the intricacies of its construction, then be prepared to study the design features in detail and make accurate calculations.

Advice! When constructing a wooden staircase yourself, entrust load and safety calculations to professionals to avoid hazardous situations.



Such a staircase will easily become the main element of the interior



Wide steps guarantee comfort and safety of operation

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Material and style of stairs

Since we are talking about wooden stairs, it is worth paying attention to the types of trees that are best suited for them. Elite representatives are oak, walnut, beech and ash. Oak has a high density, it is strong and reliable. Budget options - pine, spruce, cedar, fir. Do you want to combine affordable price and good performance? Choose birch or maple.



A wooden staircase looks solid in the interior

In addition, an excellent solution could be using wood and metal. Combined wood and metal stairs- This is a tribute to the interior style. A common solution is a combination wooden steps and metal railings. At the same time, the railings serve not only the safety of the structure, but also carry a decorative load. In terms of decoration, metal, especially forging, has more possibilities than wood.



Wood looks great with metal

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The choice of style determines the material. Wood is always a classic. In addition, a wooden staircase will fit perfectly into country, Provence, and rustic style. It will not disturb the harmony in the Baroque and Renaissance. To be convincing style solution pay attention to the color of the wood. For Provence it is better to use light wood, but classics love dark shades.



Successful antique styling

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An visual lesson on how to make a wooden staircase yourself, and a detailed calculation for each detail of the structure can be found here:

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In this article we will look at the types, their advantages and disadvantages. We will also understand the installation requirements, consider the materials and a brief description.

There are a wide variety of types of stairs to the second floor. At the same time, the choice of design should be decided at the stage of developing the house project. As for their type and material of manufacture, they depend not only on design standards, but also on the design, as well as the area of ​​the room. The approach to the stairs should be convenient, and the ascent should be as comfortable as possible.

Current SNiPs indicate that the choice of dimensions and location depends on:

• the minimum permissible distance from the stairs to the end of the corridor (at least 1.6 m);
• the smallest march width future design(varies from 1.05 to 1.2 m);
• maximum slope of the march (not higher than 45 o);
• the ideal number of climbs in one march (at least two);
• number of steps in one flight (ranging from 13 to 18);
• the width of the platform between the flights (not less than the width of one flight).

Important! These provisions apply only to structures inside residential premises. It is necessary to draw boundaries between internal, technical and external staircases. For the latter, these requirements may differ.

Everything else is a flight of fancy. And it is worth noting that now you can find unusual and even strange offers on the market.

Types of stairs to the second floor

There are many factors to consider when choosing stairs:

• design (with or without rotation);
• location (in the center of the room or against the wall);
• technical possibility (stationary or folding);
• price;
• material (concrete, wood, glass, etc.).

The most popular and convenient designs are: 1. L-shaped. Very common due to its simplicity. As a basis, take two marches, which are located at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. The marches are connected by an intermediate platform. This design has one turn.

2. U-shaped. It is optimal to use in large rooms, as it is more bulky compared to the previous type. It is usually installed in houses with great height between floors.

3. Marching. Simple, but the most cumbersome design of all.

4. Screw. Optimal for small spaces. It looks aesthetically pleasing, although it is somewhat inconvenient when lifting compared to other options. But they are the most compact. 5. On pain. 6. On bowstrings. 7. Modular.

Advice! If you are limited in space, choose screw design(with a turn). There is a wide variety of styles and shapes, so you can easily find the right one.

As for concrete stairs, they are installed extremely rarely in private houses. Often these are external stairs. Let's take a closer look at some types of structures.

Screw

Spiral staircases are installed where it is necessary to save space, and where a straight staircase simply will not fit . Not the best convenient option in use. Often such structures are installed in the basement or for access to the attic. Aesthetically they look very impressive. They are made in the shape of a square, circle or polygon, or with a smooth rotation. If it is located in ground floor, the most reliable will be a concrete base. The material used can be almost any. It is possible to order hardware with plastic, wooden, glass steps or brick. It can also be made entirely of stone, metal, wood. But not everyone can afford a staircase with a turn. The complexity of manufacturing and installation significantly affects its price.

Marching

This type of stairs has become the most popular due to:

• simplicity of the design itself and its installation;
• taking into account the mechanics of human movement. This gives comfort and convenience when descending and ascending.

The main feature of marching stairs is that they are installed only where there is a lot of free space: at least 3 sq.m.

However, there is an opportunity to save space. For this purpose, turning stairs with intermediate platforms are used. At first glance, such designs are quite complex, but they are quite realistic. The most popular are single-flight and double-flight designs.

Manufacturing material - concrete, plastic, stone, wood, glass or combinations thereof. It is possible to make a staircase structure using bricks. Today, the basis for sustainability is .

The name comes from the German “Bolzen” (bolt). The advantage of this type is ease of installation. Steel is often used as a material, which greatly simplifies the fastening of some elements. The diameter and number of steel rods affects the strength of the structure. The rods can be mounted in the ceiling, walls, floor or interior partition. Such stairs are compact and economical. The main requirement for them is location near a solid concrete wall. When choosing the type of stairs great importance

is given to its design. It can be performed on bowstrings or bolts. Sometimes they are combined. To give the product a noble look, choose bowstrings. These are beams that provide the steps with support from below and on the sides. Bolts are metal fasteners that hold steps in the wall during frameless construction of stairs. To form the frame use metal elements , steps are made of metal, concrete, wood, glass, brick and reinforced concrete. They look light and fragile, however, they can withstand heavy loads (up to 1.5 tons). This, coupled with minimum set

components, makes them attractive. Usually this is a one-flight staircase. Installation of stairs on rails

Designs on bowstrings

The most elegant type of stairs, in which the steps are attached to a support beam from the inside. Climbing and descending along them is very convenient, but installation is labor-intensive, which limits their use in the case of individual construction.

You can familiarize yourself with the installation features of such a design in. The material used is almost any, except concrete.

• Modular stairs
• The second floor is popular because it has a number of advantages:
• affordable installation price;
• possibility without special skills due to simple design;
• good compatibility with any finishing materials;

the ability to assemble structures of any type: screw, corner, combined configuration; Possibility of installation in rooms with any ceiling height.

May be with or without rotation. The word “module” is the key word, which covers the entire concept. Prefabricated system: assembled from parts that fit together. Thus, U-shaped and L-shaped stairs can be made. If necessary, the modules can be adjusted, making it possible to individually select the lifting height, its geometry, and form a unique shape of the structure. staircase design:

• welded (cast). There are pipes on each side of the module different heights and diameter;
• made of two components: a long pipe with a plate for fastening steps and a welded part with short pipes;
• consisting of several individual components that do not have welds.

The assembly of this staircase is similar to a constructor; installation is carried out independently, and it is not necessary to have special knowledge. Instructions are included with the product. Assembly takes several hours and is carried out by one or two people.

Features of materials and installation location of the stairs

Wood is the most common material in the manufacture of staircases due to its environmental friendliness. However, according to requirements fire safety number of marches wooden structures there should be a maximum of two, that is, with one turn.

But concrete stairs are made only in extreme cases. Usually they can only be found in apartment buildings.

Important! The moisture content of wood used for construction is very important: its level should not exceed 15%. Otherwise, over time the steps will creak.

Metal is a strong and durable material. But stairs are almost never all-metal - the construction is too heavy. To reduce weight, metal is combined with wood, glass or stone.

An important point when choosing the type of structure is the location of its installation. For example, a wide and light staircase made of plastic or wood is more suitable for the hallway. This will make it possible to visually expand the room. The use of bricks is unacceptable here. For small ones premises will suit folding ladder. The vast majority of such structures are made of aluminum or wood. Since a folding ladder must withstand heavy loads, it is better if it is made of hardwood. Accordion designs are the most convenient because they can be easily removed to the second floor. By the way, folding stairs are perfect for climbing to the attic.

A retractable design is an ideal way to optimize space and the ability to isolate the entrance to the second floor. To optimize space, the space under the stairs can be used for shelving or cabinets. It is also necessary to consider the lighting of these staircase structures.

Idea! A folding staircase is a great space saver and allows you to add some flair to your interior.

Let's sum it up

Of course, it is better to entrust the design and creation of a staircase structure to professionals. They can make it safe and easy to use. Concrete, iron, wood, brick stairs – Any of your ideas can be brought to life. Be that as it may, the design must meet the following criteria:

• be durable and withstand heavy loads;
• the width of the steps is at least 28 cm, the height between them is 16-18 cm;
• the railings must have a height of at least 0.9 m.

Double-flight or single-flight design - the choice is yours. The main thing is convenience and safety. Selection beautiful stairs

If your private house or multi-level apartment contains more than one floor, then the issue of constructing a staircase will arise at the very beginning of the renovation. When choosing a design and material for making a staircase, it is important to be guided not only by your stylistic preferences, but also not to forget about safety and ergonomics. Let us highlight several criteria by which the choice of staircase design and materials for its manufacture is made:

• The location of the staircase is of particular importance - the front staircase in the center of the hall, living room or the secondary one at the back of the home;
• the location of the future structure relative to the room, its dimensions and the number of square meters allocated for the direct construction of the staircase;
• the level of safety of the structure will depend on whether small children and elderly people live permanently in the house - some modern models stairs may be unsafe;
• the thickness of the walls to which the structural elements will be attached;
• interior of the premises in which the structure will be located.

A staircase in a private house or apartment is not only a structure that helps you get to the upper level, but also important element interior, affecting its appearance, arrangement of furniture and decor. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the choice of a staircase model with all seriousness, weighing all the advantages and disadvantages of each model and the material for its manufacture.

Staircase options for private houses

All staircases can be divided into marching and spiral (spiral) staircases. Most often in modern homes, marching structures are used, which in turn are divided into the following subtypes:

• structures on stringers - consist of beams that are separately attached to the base (made of wood, metal and concrete);
• Stairs on bowstrings - steps are attached to the inside of the beam. The structures have a complex structure and can be made of various materials;
• structures on rails - all structural elements are connected with bolts (there are metal and wooden).

Let's take a closer look at each of the options for marching stairs.

Staircases on stringers

One of the most common options for constructing stairs in private houses are structures on stringers. Among the advantages of such models are the following:

The method of fastening the steps in such structures will depend on the number of beams attached to the base - two or one. Stringers, in turn, can be straight, broken or screw.

This type of staircase is available in various variations, you can create a truly individual design structures based on the traditional model.

The use of glass or plastic transparent railings in the form of screens allows you to create a lighter image of the staircase for a modern interior. The only drawback is the lack of railings in the idea, which we are used to, and the inability to lean on the fastenings. But with such short marches, this disadvantage is insignificant, unless there are elderly people in the house with mobility problems.

Designs on bowstrings

Stairs on bowstrings have a sophisticated appearance that will look most harmonious in classic style interior and derivatives from it stylistic direction. The steps in such structures are attached to the support beam from the inside. The complexity of the design and excellent appearance do not prevent the structures from having incredible high level convenience, safety and comfort of movement.

Such structures can be made of metal and wood, or act as combinations with other materials.

Structures on the highways

As a rule, ladders on rails are made of metal (this is due to the peculiarities of fastening the elements of the structure), but they can also have a combined composition of manufacturing materials. Due to the fact that all elements are connected using pins and bolts, the structures have a fairly simple and laconic appearance, but are incredibly strong and durable. Structures can support high weight. The fact is that the support beam is mounted to the ceiling, wall or floor with metal rods.

The main advantage of this design is the ability to disassemble for repair or reconstruction. The steps in such stairs can be open or closed, have different shape and execution sizes.

Due to the fact that such stairs do not have a base, the space under them can be used for the benefit of the household by arranging a place to relax, a reading corner with a small library.

Spiral staircase - exclusive interior

Spiral staircases are especially popular in private homes, where little usable space is allocated for the arrangement of the structure. Spiral stairs consist of steps, handrails and a post (base). This is surprising, but spiral staircases can be not only round, but also octagonal and square. In houses where there are small children or elderly people with mobility problems, it may not be worth using such original models, but in other cases, spiral staircases can decorate any interior, not to mention the practical side of the issue.

Most often, such structures have a metal frame, but there are also options made entirely of wood. Combined structures look very impressive, not inferior to metal structures in strength and durability.

Materials for making stairs

Currently, various materials are used for the manufacture of stairs; we will highlight the most popular of them:

The most popular, as many years ago, are metal and wooden stairs, due to their environmental friendliness, strength, durability and relatively low cost of structures. But depending on the interior style of the room in which the staircase is installed, various combinations of these materials with glass, natural or artificial stone and even plastic are used.

For many years, wood has proven itself to be strong, durable, wear-resistant and environmentally friendly material, continues to be one of the most popular options for construction raw materials for the manufacture of stairs. Such stairs can be of three types:

Sometimes there are designs that combine two options for fastening degrees within one structure. Some rooms require this design features space, in others it is simply a design method of bringing originality to the interior.

Wooden stairs with metal railings, decorated with wrought iron decor, look traditional, impressive and safe. Such structures will organically fit into many interior styles.

The combination of metal and wood provides many variations for the design of a durable and reliable staircase that will organically fit into a modern interior style, loft or country style.

A stone staircase is durable and strong, but requires an impressive foundation due to the large weight of the main structure. More often natural stone it is used only for the manufacture of steps and risers, but even in this case the weight of the structure will be impressive. Artificial analogs have fewer requirements, but the strength and durability of such materials is significantly inferior to natural raw materials. But the appearance is difficult to distinguish from natural material, but it's worth it fake diamond significantly cheaper than natural.

Stone stairs with wrought iron railings look luxurious. This is surprising, but the classic image of a staircase will be relevant not only in traditional styles interior, modern style favorably accepts the integration of such structures.

The stairs, the steps of which are made of untreated stone, look impressive, durable and safe. The rusticity of such a structure is added by original railings made of flexible branches, which at first glance have not undergone any treatment.

Concrete stairs are one of the most budget options. They are quite strong and safe, but unfortunately not as durable as their counterparts made of metal, stone or wood.

Stairs that use glass to make steps look incredibly light, even airy. For such structures, specially tempered glass is used, the strength characteristics of which are increased. In combination with the chrome-plated surfaces of the frame, a staircase with glass steps will effectively complement a modern interior style, hi-tech, pop art or loft.

Staircases with original design

Some staircase models represent a designer's flight of fancy. Such structures can raise the bar for the uniqueness of your interior to sky-high heights, but in pursuit of unusual constructive ideas It is important not to forget about the safety and ease of use of the structure.

You can add uniqueness to even the most traditional staircase by decorating the railings or the space under the steps in an original way. For example, facing risers with ceramic tiles with a bright ornament allows you to bring not only uniqueness to the interior of the room, but also positive attitude, festive appearance.

A staircase with a curved base, which is not a spiral, but at the same time has smooth shapes, looks more than impressive. The steps are attached to the center of the base, which has a curved shape. Of course, with such a staircase design it will be difficult to do without railings. Such a structure does not take up much space and does not require a massive base - support.

A staircase with one turn of flight is most often used in multi-level apartments to provide access to the upper level; sometimes similar structures are found in private houses. If there are no small children or elderly people in your home, then you can limit yourself to a design without railings.

In rooms decorated in country style you can often find rustic elements in the design of stairs. As a rule, rusticity affects elements of railings, sometimes supports.

Staircase lighting - an element of safety and decor

Illuminating the steps or space near the stairs can not only become an element of security for your home, but also add originality to the interior and provide you with the opportunity to create various options atmosphere depending on the use of one or another type of lighting.

Illuminated steps look impressive and allow you to safely move between floors of your home at night.

The space under the stairs - practical and aesthetic use

There are never too many storage systems. This thesis is familiar to all homeowners. That is why the most popular use of space under stairs is arrangement various types cabinets, shelves and even entire racks.

By building a bookcase under the stairs and placing it next to it comfortable armchair and a floor lamp, you will provide your household with the opportunity to read a book and relax in privacy, without using the useful space of the rooms, which is often simply not enough for such functional areas.

Sometimes it is possible to mark under the stairs workplace or even a full-fledged office with desk, chair and storage systems for books and stationery.

Some homeowners choose to designate the space under the stairs as a wine cooler. In addition to the functional background, such storage systems look impressive and modern, becoming the highlight of the interior.

Sometimes you can see the use of the space under the steps as storage systems for stairs, limited on both sides by walls. But with such a structure drawers It is important to remember that you should not overload the containers; the safety of moving up the stairs will partly depend on this.

In some houses (depending on architectural features premises) it turns out to rationally use not only the space under the stairs, but also the territory of the landings between the flights. Soft spots for sitting by the window will help organize an area for reading or conversation.

Staircase to the second floor - modern, safe and attractive design