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Our friend and founder of the Khvoya brand Anna Feoktistova talks about where and what kind of lamps are appropriate to use and what design suits whom?

Lighting is the most important tool for shaping space. Its task is not just to illuminate, but to create a pleasant living environment.

Lighting is divided into natural and artificial:

1. The first is street (daylight) light. It is impossible to stay indoors for a long time without it. Sunlight solves many problems.

• light is a natural antibiotic that disinfects the room. According to sanitary rules and building regulations, insolation (lighting by direct sunlight) of a living space should be at least 2 hours a day. All microdistricts and residential buildings in Russia are designed with this in mind.
• Natural lighting has a good effect on a person’s health and psychological state, increases immunity and reduces the risk of depression.

2. Second - all light sources inside the house. It is they and their proper placement that will help make the interior not only beautiful, but also comfortable for life (by this I mean the level of physical and psychological state person). Let's talk about this.

Where to begin? Features of modern lighting in the interior

Start with yourself and determining your own needs!

Think about what you like to do, find a suitable area for it. Always try to answer the question “Why?”, then errors will be minimal.

For example: “There will be a sconce here, because on this wall I want to hang my favorite reproduction and highlight it with light. And this simple sconce design will be white, like a wall, because the main thing is the picture and the emphasis should be on it.”

Lighting scenarios in the apartment

You can create several scenarios in one space:

bright main lighting (chandeliers and any ceiling lighting).

muted evening, when bright light is not needed (sconces, floor lamps, decorative lamps, hidden lighting).

accent lighting for an area or object. When you need to highlight something (ceiling and wall lamps with directional light).

festive (decorative lamps, garlands)

When we talk about lighting options, we assume that different lamps will be turned on from different switches. You can also use switches for convenience. You can turn on the lighting from two switches located at different ends of the room. Such switches are convenient to use in long rooms, corridors, and bedrooms.

Using dimmers will also help in creating different lighting scenarios. The invention, of course, is not new, but very useful. Using a dimmer switch, you can adjust the illumination from each lamp. It is important to remember here that not all lamps are dimmable. Most LED lamps are non-dimmable.

Thinking through scenarios and making electrical wiring is one of the first stages in repairs.

What types of light sources are there?

The main source (or sources) of lighting. They give maximum light. And additional local lamps that organize secondary lighting scenarios.

Types of lamps:

1. Chandeliers

2. Pendant lights

3. Surface-mounted ceiling lamps for general lighting

4. Overhead spotlights

5. Recessed spotlights (spots)

6. Track lights

7. Sconce

8. Floor lamps

9. Table lamps

10. Decorative lighting – built-in LED lighting, holiday lighting, garlands

What to choose for the main lighting in the living room?

1. Chandelier

A chandelier is one of the types of pendant lamps designed to create shadow-free lighting.

The chandelier is the central element. It can become an accent in the interior, highlight a certain area, and act as the main source of lighting. For example, it will fit perfectly above the coffee table in the sofa area and become the main compositional element of the relaxation area. There is a truth and a minus: the possibility of rearranging furniture is limited by the fact that the chandelier organizes the space around itself.

In what interior is it appropriate to use a chandelier?

It is customary to emphasize the space with a chandelier, so it should be enough. Classic chandeliers are more elongated vertically, so they require high ceilings. Chandeliers in modern styles can be both horizontal and vertical.

If we talk about styles, designers are experimenting more and more and, along with understandable things, combining seemingly incompatible things! It is quite possible to find a classic chandelier in a concrete apartment, or, conversely, a modern geometric one - in walls with wide cornices and openwork moldings.

Using a classic chandelier in traditional interior, you don’t have to worry about the result – she’ll probably fit in well! But if you want to make an unusual accent element, be careful! The rest of the interior in this case should become the background, here and there in small details only emphasizing the style of the chandelier.

The installation height depends largely on the situation. Usually at least 2.2 m from the floor, so as not to touch your head or hands. However, if the chandelier hangs above the coffee table in the living room, it would be appropriate to make it lower.

One chandelier in the center of the room will not solve the lighting issue. This is the main element that gives a lot of light, but with it alone the corners will remain in the shadows. Therefore, additional light sources are necessary.

2. Spot lighting (spots)

Spotlights– small lamps with directional light, having a certain angle of light propagation and radius of illumination.

Types of ceiling spotlights:

built-in spots

surface mounted lamps

track systems

The peculiarity of the lamps is that they can be used both as main lighting and as accent lighting. The main thing is to choose the right lamp. Lamps come with different beam angles. For example, a conventional incandescent lamp has a scattering angle of 360 degrees, i.e. it shines in all directions and gives a general flood light. For halogen and LED lamps for spotlights with GU10 and GU5.3 bases, a narrower angle. Most often it varies from 20 to 150 degrees. The range from 20 to 40 is suitable for local illumination of a painting or decorative elements. For basic lighting you need an angle of more than 60 degrees.

Spot and track lamps are appropriate in almost any interior, be it an interpretation of the classics, loft or minimalism. You can make them completely invisible or, conversely, accentuated.

If you use lamps as the main lighting, it is important to correctly calculate exactly how many lamps are needed and at what distance from each other they should be located. As a rule, the distance between spotlights is no more than 1.5 m. Of course, there are calculation formulas, but it is best to contact a lighting store, where the manager will help you determine the required power and number of lamps for your room.

Result:

Use a chandelier in a tall, large room in combination with additional lighting elements.

Spotlights are suitable for rooms with low ceilings, rooms with frequent rearrangements, and for accent lighting.

3. Wall lamps (sconces) – which ones and why?

Wall lamps are sources of additional lighting mounted in a wall or on a wall. There are two types - built-in or overhead (sconces).

Overhead sconces come in different designs:

Carobaceae. The most familiar and widespread type of sconce.

Wall (surface). Appropriate in cases where the room is narrow so as not to interfere with the passage. Most often used in corridors and staircases.

Lighting for pictures.

Stationary. Sconces that do not have additional scenarios illuminate only in one position.

Adjustable. The design of such sconces has movable elements, by controlling which you can change the lighting.

With reflected light. Such sconces give a soft, light light. Most often, wall sconces are found with reflected light.

With directional light.

The type of sconce largely depends on the style of the interior and its purpose.

Switch the main light to the sconce and achieve a subdued, cozy atmosphere. They will help organize a work area, a place for reading, and highlight an interesting wall texture.

If you want to use a sconce in your work area instead of a table lamp, try an option that can be adjusted from the wall up to 60 cm so that you can control the light as needed.

Remember, the lamp should not interfere with the passage. If the room is narrow, use surface sconces that do not protrude too much. Or ditch them altogether and use accent ceiling lighting.

Any lamp needs space, so choose a place for the sconce so that it is not “crowded” on the wall.

Kitchen and dining group

The kitchen area should have general lighting and work surface lighting. This is a set necessary for convenience and cooking.

In addition to uniform lighting with lamps, it would be nice to place a lamp above the dining group. This could be a pendant lamp or sconce.

The lamp should be installed in the kitchen at a height of 1.3-1.4 m from the floor (50-70 cm from the countertop).

If we talk about lamps above the bar counter, then the height here should be made a little higher - 1.6-1.8 m from the floor.

If the table is against the wall, you can use sconces. An interesting solution - console Wall Light with extension up to 1 meter in length. The installation height of such a lamp is also 50-70 cm from the table top.

If your room is small in size, do not overload it; use small lamps or lamps in light colors or with glass shades. Openwork lamps made of metal or wood can look impressive.

Many manufacturers produce series of lamps, in the same material, but in different sizes and forms, and invite us to experiment and show imagination. Combine into various combinations and hang it on different heights!

What can you experiment with?

With wire!

Pendant lamps with textile braided wires look impressive. This can be a twisted wire or a simple round braided wire. Quantity color options huge!

Exposed wiring can be an interesting design element. Attach it to the surface of the wall or ceiling with clips for open wiring; if the cable is twisted, use insulators.

It is important to know!

If you use a ceiling lamp or chandelier in the center of the kitchen as the main lighting, do not hang pendant lamps above the dining room! They will "argue" with each other. The best solution would be sconces.

If the main lighting is spotlights, pendant lights above the dining room would be a great option!

Corridor lighting

Let's consider several options.Let's say we have a wide, spacious hall with a width of at least 1.5 meters with a console table for keys or a banquette. For such the premises will be suitable central lighting with a chandelier or overhead lamp. You can make sconces on the walls. Place them, for example, above a table or near a mirror. The installation height of sconces can vary from 1.6 to 1.8 m above floor level.

If your hall is narrow and long, the best option there will be the use of recessed or surface-mounted accent lights.

Recessed lamps would be appropriate in a minimalist interior. These can be either spotlights or linear ones.

Advice! If you have a long corridor, you can visually make it smaller by making the far wall an accent wall and highlighting it. All bright or illuminated surfaces appear visually closer.

Bedroom lighting

The bedroom can also have basic lighting in the form of a chandelier or spotlights. ceiling lamps. Although it is often not done in order to initially create a cozy atmosphere for relaxation and sleep. The issue of lighting in this case is solved with decorative lamps. This could be sconces, spotlights individual elements interior, hidden LED lighting. And, of course, night lights by the bed so that, for example, you can read a book.

A convenient height for installing a sconce for reading can be about 100-120 cm from the floor.

Bedside lamps can be pendant, wall, or table. By the way, they can be placed asymmetrically - on one side of the bed there is a lamp, on the other there is a table lamp.

If we talk about pendant lamps, you can combine 2-3 lamps together. The recommended installation height for the lampshade is 90 cm from the floor. In this case, it’s a good idea to think of a small hook for fixing them so that they don’t sway from side to side when you accidentally touch them or open a window and the wind blows.

The main thing for bedside lamps is that you can turn them on without getting out of bed. Choose lamps with a switch on the body. Or make a pass-through switch - one at the entrance to the bedroom, the second above the head of the bed.

Light in the nursery

A child’s room is a whole world with many tasks and functions - it is a bedroom, a playroom, and a workplace. There should be general lighting in the form of a chandelier or spotlights, a sconce by the bed (or pendant lamp), a table lamp, and possibly some other additional decorative lighting.

It is advisable to choose a sconce by the bed in the nursery with a power button on the body and a rotating one so that you can adjust the direction of the light. The installation height of the sconce is at least 50 cm above the bed.

Shower and toilet

In addition to general lighting, it is also good to have mirror lighting in the toilet. This could be a sconce or lighting mounted in a mirror. Its main purpose is to shine light on the face without creating cast shadows. Therefore, it is good if the sconce has a general flood light or with the ability to rotate the lampshade.

Interesting solutions can be obtained with LED backlights. It is only important to remember that it makes sense to highlight something beautiful. This could be a wall made of an unusual material (for example, stone, wood or relief) or a separate interesting element on the wall.

When choosing lamps in wet areas It is also necessary to look at the level of protection against moisture. It is designated as IP44, where the first is protection against penetration of solid objects and dust on a scale from 0-6, the second is the degree of protection from moisture on a scale from 0 to 8. More about this in our other post about the protection class of devices - . If the lamp is marked IP44, it is suitable for wet rooms.

Where can I find lamps?

Logical question! Well, first of all, of course, in the store. And there are several productions that I would like to separately pay attention to. High quality thoughtful design. But judge for yourself!

If we talk about built-in, surface-mounted lights and track systems, I would recommend two brands. The first one is more economical option, the second one is more premium. Both are worthy of attention.

SLV is a German brand of built-in and surface-mounted lighting. Minimalistic design and excellent quality!

Centrsvet is another manufacturer of spotlights and recessed lamps in the styles of minimalism and functionalism.

A pendant lamp or chandelier is an important topic; I have already said that they can become an accent around which the rest of the space will be formed. The choice of pendant lamps is very large, it is easy to get confused. Therefore, I’ll tell you a little about design icons that are always popular and always appropriate, and about lamps that I like, but have not yet gained such popularity.

If three or four years ago loft-style lamps were at the peak of popularity, now A popular return to the styles of the 60-80s of the last century. Designers are not afraid to mix retro styles with minimalism, classic or loft. Many manufacturers make replicas of lamps created famous designers XX century. Factory FLOS, for example, whose history began in the 70s. XX century.

One of the first lamps was Zeppelin (pictured above), which is still being successfully produced today.

The design of the 60s-80s and big brands is not limited to everything. Dima Loginov, a famous Russian designer, one of his lamps is Mountain view, designed for the Axolight factory, in the photo above. There are young productions in Russia, the founder of one of which I myself am: Khvoya, Woodled, Garage Factory, Tayga Design, Anastasiya Koshcheeva, Mayna. Some of them were dedicated to wooden lamps. Designers work with traditional Russian materials and technologies. This makes the lamps memorable and sets them apart from their foreign counterparts.

Many are members of the Industrial Designers Club and are gathered in a common space - the Design Library in Moscow.

NEEDLES. Pendant lamp "Cap"

WOODLED. Pendant lamps "Rotor and Sputnik"

GARAGE FACTORY. Pendant lamp "Loona" and sconce "Boomerang"

Taiga Design. Pendant lamps "Crusta White" and "Iussi"

Anastasia Kosheeva. Series of pendant lamps "Svetoch"

MAYNA. Floor lamps "Aton, Las, Nodo"

Conclusion

Everything in the world is changing quickly. Most recently, in the bedroom, we conservatively placed two table lamps or sconces on the bedside tables. And now we are trying asymmetrical compositions and unusually shaped lamps! In this article, I have collected the rules that guide my work as a designer. However, sometimes something looks beautiful precisely because it was done contrary to the rules.Give free rein to your imagination, try and create! And for inspiration and new ideas, you can look at Pinterest or subscribe to our newsletter!

Light zoning has long been used in the design of residential and work spaces, because a competent combination of natural and artificial light can transform any space. Lighting in the apartment requires careful preparation and compliance with certain design rules. A well-chosen scheme can visually increase the area of ​​the room and hide design mistakes, while an unsuccessful one will only aggravate the interior’s shortcomings. In this article we will look at how to choose light sources for different rooms, and also analyze current trends in this direction.

How to properly organize lighting?

Lighting planning is an integral part repair work. This process must be started at the design stage. The organization of light in an apartment should begin with dividing the room into several thematic zones. IN classic version lighting is divided into two types: general (basic) and local.

Local lighting is intended to illuminate specific interior elements or corners of the apartment, while general lighting serves as a key element of artificial light.

In turn, local lighting is of the following types: working and spot. Most rooms have a so-called work area ( kitchen table, office, children's play corner). To ensure sufficient illumination, large chandeliers, floor lamps and sconces are used.

Spot light supply is most often used as additional element, it performs a purely decorative function.

A distinctive feature of artificial light is the ability to use it at any time of the day or night. By changing the color of the light zoning, you can instantly change the proportions of the room and divide the room into functional zones.

It is also worth noting that the shade of light greatly affects the human perception of reality. Let's give an example: green color calms, and yellow lifts the mood. Thus, when choosing a lighting scheme in an apartment, it is necessary to take into account the functionality, safety and aesthetics of the design.

Standards for power and number of luminaires

To achieve the most efficient and comfortable lighting in the interior of an apartment, you should take into account uniform standards for the power and number of lamps in the illuminated area. Thus, experts advise placing devices with a power of about 70 kW for every five square meters of the room. This indicator may vary depending on the specifics of the room. Moreover, we are talking only about central lighting; it can be supplemented with various kinds of decorative or point light sources.

Having studied the basic requirements for lighting in residential premises, you can independently calculate required amount lamps for the apartment. You are also free to use all sorts of design tips. Most often, they consider the organization of electric lighting in studio apartments.

For one-room housing with an area of ​​30 square meters, you need about eight lamps (one central chandelier, task lighting, three spotlights, a floor lamp and several sconces).

Example of lighting in a one-room apartment

How to check the quality of light?

When purchasing a chandelier or any other lighting fixture, you first need to find out what kind of lamp is used in the installation. The most common option is an incandescent lamp - it gives a bright, uniform glow. However, the disadvantage of this type of device is the rapid consumption of electricity.

Today, most lighting companies are switching to energy-saving lamps. Their cost is slightly higher, but reliability and low electrical costs worry buyers no less than the price.

There is one simple way to check the quality of light in a chandelier; for this you will need a mobile phone. Hold the device close to the lighting fixture and turn on the camera, watching the moving light bars on the screen. If you notice significant flickering and numerous streaks, know that the quality of the light leaves much to be desired. In this case, it is better to immediately replace the product, because over time you and your family members may begin to have vision problems.

Colorful temperature

As already stated, important role The color temperature of the lamps plays a role in light zoning. There are three colors: warm white (up to 3300 K), standard white (up to 5000 K) and cool white (from 5000 K). In accordance with European standards, it is customary to use warm white light in living rooms, but in secondary rooms, such as the hallway, it is recommended to use classic white.

Sources of light

Today, a variety of light bulbs, all kinds of chandeliers, sconces and floor lamps are used to illuminate apartments. Specialized stores in Moscow and other large Russian cities offer a wide selection of similar products for every taste and budget.

The following are used as a direct light source:

• incandescent lamps;
• LED devices;
• fluorescent lamps;
• optical fiber;
• metal halide light bulbs;
• halogen bulbs.

All of the above types have both advantages and disadvantages of use. Let's take a simple example: previously popular incandescent lamps do not correspond to modern trends, as they consume a large number of electricity, and the quality of light is very poor.

Natural light

The best decoration for a wooden country house, or even an ordinary apartment, is natural lighting. It not only does not harm vision and has a positive effect on people’s well-being, but also looks impressive in any interior. To fully enjoy living light, private houses have full-wall windows; it looks simply amazing. However, this effect is very difficult to achieve in a one-room or two-room apartment.

Artificial lighting

There are many options for lighting in an apartment, but not everyone suits the chosen style of the room. It is worth remembering that artificial light involves not only the installation of expensive lamps. This process should be approached responsibly, because the health of a person’s eyes and nervous system depends on the final result.

To create a functional light zoning system for an apartment, you need to familiarize yourself with the installation capabilities of the devices in advance. The photo below shows a universal living room design using different types of lamps.

On video: what you need to consider when designing lighting.

Types of lighting

There are four types of artificial light: general, local, combined and emergency. The latter type is not often found in residential premises, but it is indispensable in rooms where turning off the lights threatens serious injuries. Next, we will consider all types of lighting in apartments in more detail.

General or basic lighting involves uniform (directional) dispersion of light across the entire area of ​​the room. Most often this type is used in living rooms and kitchens. Due to the same distance between the lamps, an optimal level of illumination is achieved. Another option for such light zoning is a single light source localized at one point. As an example, there is a large chandelier located in the center.

Local lighting in the apartment is used to attract attention to certain parts of the room. Thus, the light source is located directly next to the illuminated piece of furniture (on the desktop, in the sleeping area or in the kitchen). As the designers note, it is this type of light zoning that brings completeness and integrity of perception to the interior space.

Separately, general and local lighting have certain functional disadvantages. This is why it was developed combined scheme light zoning.

Since then, when European-quality renovations began to be carried out everywhere in Russian apartments, spotlights have appeared on ceilings, walls and decorative objects. Such built-in lighting fixtures are becoming more and more popular over time. Now you won't surprise anyone multi-level ceiling with halogen bulbs.

It is worth noting that there are two types of spotlights - fixed and rotating. The latter are very convenient to use, and if desired, you can change the direction of the light yourself.

When choosing such devices, pay attention to the beam width. Let's give an example: 40-50 degrees is great for highlighting large objects, and halogens with a beam of 10-20 degrees are suitable for minor decorative elements.

Neon lighting is a special type of artificial light, which is a gas-discharge lamp in the shape of a tube (neon is contained inside at low pressure). The “native” shade is bright orange, but the color of the backlight may change depending on what inert gases are added to the composition.

A neon lamp will help bring color to the interior of your apartment. The photo below shows the lighting design in the apartment in pink and purple tones.

LED strips

Recently, various LED devices have been used for decorative lighting of rooms. The most popular is LED strip. This is a flexible board covered with LEDs. Bright neon colors, unusual appearance and low price - all this makes this light source an excellent addition to the exterior lighting of a wooden house.

For interior decoration, such lighting can be used both on the ceiling, walls, and on small built-in structures. For greater effect, you can arrange the feed in the form of graphics, thereby creating a unique atmosphere.

LED duralight

For additional illumination of individual parts of the room, various LEDs are used, as well as a new product on the market, “duralight”. This functional device is a flexible cord made of elastic plastic. A continuous garland of LED light bulbs is pressed into the base.

Flexible neon

It is also a flexible tube, inside of which a lighting circuit is fixed. This is nothing more than an electroluminescent wire. Outwardly, it is really no different from a regular wire - it is just as flexible, it can even be tied into a knot.

Unlike LED strips, flexible neon glows from all sides, it is safe and even waterproof, and has a wide range of applications.

Lamp placement options

The main rule of design is that bright light increases the space. It follows from this that the finishing of the ceiling and walls should be done using all kinds of reflective materials. Lamps directed upward visually make the ceiling higher. And to darken part of the room, you just need to correctly distribute the light sources around the room.

New ideas in lighting design state that universal electric lighting at home should combine general and local (spot) lighting. This is guaranteed by the so-called multi-level zoning.

There are no strict rules for organizing electric lighting in apartments, but there are certain tips that should be followed when planning the interior yourself.

Living room (hall)

The main source of light in the room is central lighting; this can be a luxurious chandelier or a series of spotlights laid out around the perimeter of the room. For classic interiors, the first option is suitable, but when arranging modern apartments, you should first of all focus on the preferences and material capabilities of the residents.

For a living room (hall) in a high-tech style, neon lamps, LEDs, and even a light floor are suitable.

Bedroom

As in other living spaces, it is best to use combined lighting in the bedroom. A chandelier and several floor lamps are suitable as base light, and spotlights along the perimeter of the ceiling will only complement the overall picture. You can also transform your bedroom with local lighting fixtures– they are quite inexpensive, and the range of their purposes is very diverse.

Children's

The child spends most of his time in his room. This determines a large number of requirements for the lighting design of a nursery. It is necessary to choose lighting fixtures of suitable power and shade, because the mood and psychological health baby. Particular attention should be paid to decorative lighting in a children's room. The photo below shows options for light zoning for children's rooms.

Kitchen

The kitchen is characterized by multi-level lighting. It involves a visual division of the room into functional areas: dining room, workplace and relaxation area. In the kitchen, it is necessary to provide the ability to regulate the brightness of the light - this is especially important for the dark time of day.

In the kitchen, the selected type of lighting can work independently of other lighting elements. Even if the room only has central lighting, make sure that it can be turned on in parts.

Hallway

There is absolutely no natural light in the hallway and corridor, so the room needs a large number of built-in lamps. Special requirements There is no light in the corridor, it all depends only on the tastes of the residents.

Bathroom

There is no natural light in the bathroom (no windows), due to which the role of artificial light increases significantly. The use of local high-power appliances is unacceptable for the bathroom. The backlight should be sufficient, but not too bright. When choosing bath fixtures, you need to consider high humidity premises.

Light zoning in a studio apartment

Most often, light zoning is used specifically in studio apartments, since in such rooms there is a problem of lack of free space. Dividing the apartment into thematic zones allows you to visually increase the area of ​​the room and give the home a logical completeness.

In such conditions, you can experiment with lighting devices - use local devices, large chandeliers, and decorative elements.

Ceiling lighting

Modern lighting design ideas give a special role to ceiling lighting. In most cases, the choice of lighting fixtures evokes positive emotions, but placing purchased light bulbs and hiding them (when creating hidden lighting with your own hands) is not always easy. Before starting the installation of spots, it is recommended to identify three main light sources in the interior (local, local and decorative).

For low ceilings

If the ceiling in the apartment is quite low, then there can be no talk of any tension or even suspended structures. Chandeliers won't fit hanging type, as well as massive lamps. Recessed spotlights cannot be built in here, but overhead versions can be installed. Flat-shaped ceiling chandeliers, track lighting systems and LED panels will fit harmoniously.

Hidden ceiling lighting

You can build two types of hidden lighting with your own hands: using a niche made of plasterboard and with a cornice made of polystyrene foam. And the combination plasterboard box and stretch ceiling with hidden lighting perfectly hides minor errors that occur when self-construction ceiling.

Multi-level lighting

For a comfortable stay, you cannot do without proper lighting of the room. For more than ten years now, all designers have been leaning in their work towards a multi-level light system in apartments. Such light zoning represents the optimal division of space into several functional zones.

It is customary to distinguish four main levels:

• upper (spots, sconces and chandeliers);
• medium (lamps, floor lamps);
• bottom (local illumination);
• internal (used to highlight dressing rooms and closets).

Multi-level zoning of rooms using light does not require special skills and knowledge. If you wish, you can radically transform the appearance of your living room or children's room with your own hands. To do this, you will need a little imagination and a set of lighting fixtures with different functionality. A competent combination of chandeliers, spots on the walls and floor will bring comfort and tranquility to your home.

In the video: multi-level lighting in the apartment.

Decorative lighting

An inexpensive LED strip is most suitable for decorative lighting. The positive features of this product include ease of use, easy and quick installation. If the interior of the room is made in classic style(With wooden furniture, pastel shades of walls and tapestry), then LEDs are replaced by local lamps and special luminous elements for decoration.

A distinctive feature of decorative lighting is the specificity of its use. It is used when it is necessary to hide lamps and make the light more subdued.

Neon lighting in the apartment

Such decorative lighting can be arranged using various LED and LED devices. Most often they are installed in suspended ceilings, in plasterboard niches. Flexible tubes or cords that glow with neon are often used.

Glass blocks in the interior of an apartment with lighting

Glass blocks are hollow cubes with glass walls about one centimeter thick. In Soviet times, such decorative elements were often used; they could be seen in the interior of bathhouses, hospitals, and staircases. Today, glass blocks have been improved - they are equipped with decorative lighting.

Floor lighting

Floor lighting is another solution with which you can give the room an unusual look. Various devices are used for lighting, these can be spotlights, LED strip, duralight cord, which are mounted in the plastic baseboard case or in glass floors.

Modern lighting trends

Lighting design is a unique combination of technological progress and artistic planning. All new design trends come first to the light zoning of rooms, and then spread to the entire interior. Distinctive feature modern design is high functionality, this is the so-called smart design, which is aimed at satisfying all the needs of its owner. This trend is called lighting personalization.

If you carefully study the appearance of modern lamps, it becomes clear that they have completely lost clearly defined boundaries.

Nowadays, round, asymmetrical, small-sized built-in spots are especially popular in interior design. Track systems have become an integral part of the ceiling, which has also lost its boundaries. Night lighting is not a significant necessity when decorating interior spaces. However, it allows you to avoid accidents in the dark. Install night light

it is possible along the perimeter of strategic movement or in separate areas of the room.

With motion sensor Recently, during construction country houses Light sensors or, in other words, twilight switches have become increasingly used. Light sensor is a device automatic control

light sources, depending on the level of light zoning of the surrounding space.

If you still use incandescent lamps in the evening, then feel free to replace them with the latest night lighting system. So, in just a month you will save several thousand.

Wireless lighting What is wireless lighting? This is a special design, a single panel with luminous elements mounted inside.

In turn, the light bulbs are responsible for the movement of current. The functioning of such panels is completely “mobile”, which allows you to mount them on any surface and not worry about damage to the wires. The principle of operation of such an installation is comparable to night illumination

– when residents move from one room to another, the lighting devices automatically start.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the organization of lighting in an apartment should be thought out in all areas. Modern trends gravitate towards freedom, the absence of clear boundaries of light sources, which, in turn, guarantees comfort and high functionality of the room. Just a couple of built-in lamps can change the perception of space, making it more expressive and deep.

How to place lamps on the ceiling (2 videos)

Lighting in interior design (90 photos)

Types of lighting and their functions

There are two main types of light sources:

• natural – natural;
• artificial – technical devices of various designs.

Intensity natural light directly related to the time of day, depends on the time of year, geographical location and atmospheric phenomena. Natural light is the most optimal from the point of view of physiology and life activity. But it is not enough for full functioning. That is why such serious attention is paid to planning artificially created additional lighting. This includes incandescent, fluorescent and LED devices.

Basic options artificial lighting:

• general;
• accented;
• working;
• combined.

General lighting

This is the most common type, without which no room can do. The light comes from above and spreads evenly throughout the room. The most striking example is the chandelier in the center of the ceiling. It does not produce a light figure with clear edges that can be clearly distinguished on the floor or wall.

General lighting can be divided into:

• directional is the most common option. It is characterized by the creation of a single light spot. It can be organized using open lamps in the shape of a cone, hemisphere, truncated ball, cube, trapezoid, cylinder, rectangle;
• indirect - formed by reflecting light from walls or ceilings;
• diffused - light is scattered through frosted glass or a spherical paper lampshade. It does not strain the eyes and is the most comfortable for a person. The beams spread evenly at an angle of up to 360 degrees. This occurs due to the use of opaque closed shades;
• mixed - formed due to the special shape of translucent lamps with an open top and bottom. These modern models increasingly used in the design of apartments or offices. The glow comes from all sides - breaks through the walls, reflects from the ceiling and walls, falls from above as a direct light spot. This method of filling space with light is the most productive.

Accent lighting

Accent or local lighting is used to highlight certain areas. Its main function is to attract attention to individual objects or indoor areas. It can have a purely decorative purpose - illumination of a painting, sculpture, or have practical significance. With the help of point switches, we can safely move up the stairs, navigate in a dark closet, and find the necessary items on the bedside table. Accent lighting allows you to play with space, snatching one or another area from the darkness, giving them the main meaning depending on their use. During dinner, the dining area is illuminated. Then we move to the sofa to read in silence or, on the contrary, chat with members of the household. In multifunctional rooms, for example, in one-room apartments or studios, this lighting method is simply necessary. It allows you to do your own thing without interfering with each other. To create accents, floor lamps, table lamps, ceiling pendants, sconces, spotlights, and LED strips are used.

There are three types of accent lighting:

• sharp - the formation of a bright spot with clearly defined edges. The light is not scattered, the space outside the beam is immersed in darkness. This technique is used in the theater when only small area where the action takes place. It is often used to focus attention on an object. It is suitable for highlighting the beauty of collectible items in glass display cases and highlighting expressive architectural elements - columns, bas-reliefs, arches. The beam can be aimed up, down, or directly at an object at a 30-degree angle;
• softened - created using lamps equipped with a power regulator. Allows you to effectively, but unobtrusively highlight the necessary details. The obvious advantages are achieving a less dramatic atmosphere and saving energy;
• soft - organized to focus attention on objects that are harmful to bright light - paintings and other objects of art. It is formed using frosted lampshades placed above the object.

Work lighting

Good lighting is essential for efficient and safe work. In conditions of light deficiency, the load on vision increases, which can lead to its decrease. Due to constant tension, not only the eyes get tired, but the overall fatigue of the body increases. A person is not able to work long and productively in twilight. The effectiveness and complexity of activities such as drawing, knitting, jewelry making, sewing, reading, writing, and cooking directly depend on the quality of lighting and its direction. The general light falls from above, which creates a shadow on the workspace. It is necessary to equip this area with special directional sources - a table lamp, sconce, floor lamp, point rotary devices. It is better not to use luminescent options in these areas, as they often flicker and distort colors, and this negatively affects vision. Halogen devices are much better perceived, but they are not economical enough. That's why the best choice– LED designs that produce a glow that is pleasant to the eye and consume several times less electricity.

Combined lighting

The essence of this option is a combination of the previously described methods. Any interior design necessarily contains a combination of different types of lighting. In some rooms the general dominates, in others the accent dominates. For example, in the living room, the central role is given to luxurious or laconic multi-arm chandeliers. And in an office or bedroom, bright general light is not so important, but here you cannot do without a good table lamp or sconce. Light is one of the most popular tools for zoning rooms. In a children's room, in addition to common devices, local devices are needed in the work and play areas. In the kitchen - above the dining table and above the cooking surface. In the bathroom and hallway - in the area of ​​a mirror or decorative niche. The combination of different options can be observed in any room, but it takes on special significance in a multifunctional one. In living rooms combined with a bedroom, kitchen or dining room, it is especially important to provide for the possibility of different lighting scenarios.

Rules and regulations

The use of artificial lighting has necessitated the development of clear requirements for its parameters. A person’s well-being, his emotional state, the ability to work efficiently, and the preservation of good vision depend on how well it is organized. Therefore for various rooms certain standards have been established. It is easy to guess that for a study and a closet their values ​​will not be the same. The main document that you need to rely on when calculating the number and power of appliances in an apartment is SNiP 05/23/95. It regulates natural and artificial lighting of residential, educational, commercial, production premises, as well as public gardens, parks, streets, squares.

The unit of illumination is Lux -1 lumen per square meter. m. The norm depends on the purpose of the room. For example, for a living room, bedroom or dining room, 150 Lux is enough. In the nursery it is necessary to provide 200 Lx, in the bathroom or kitchen already 250, and in the office all 300. In the hallway, pantry, attic or basement you will need 50-60 Lx.

About light sources

Natural sources include sun rays, starlight, aurora, and moonlight. Artificial resources include fire: fires, torches, candles, and gas lanterns, and electric lamps. The latter are divided into several types:

• incandescent lamps - contain a filament body, which produces the glow. A spiral of tungsten or carbon filament is placed in the design. A vacuum is then created in the flask. This helps prevent metal oxidation. At the moment of closure electrical circuit heating occurs, as a result of which the filament element begins to glow. The advantages of such lamps are that they withstand temperature changes well. They will work in a cold corridor or a hot bath without any problems. The disadvantage of such lamps is that they consume a lot of energy and produce a large amount of heat;
• halogen - their difference from the previous ones is that the flask is filled with halogen vapor. They are used for the most powerful devices. Gas allows you to significantly increase the temperature of the coil and extend the service life. Like conventional incandescent lamps, halogen sources use a large amount of energy to heat up. Another disadvantage is dependence on power surges;

• luminescent - flasks with a special coating applied on the inside. It emits light due to the constant combustion of vapors contained in the flask. Compared to conventional lamps, the service life of these devices is much longer. The obvious advantage is cost-effectiveness. Lamps consume 5-7 times less electricity than halogen lamps. The disadvantages include the difficulty of use - the need to use additional devices - a trigger mechanism, a starter. There are other disadvantages - flickering and sensitivity to low temperatures, air flows and environmental humidity;
• energy-saving - a subtype of fluorescent lamps. To the listed qualities of sources of this type are added the spiral shape and the presence of a standard base. Thanks to this, the lamps can be used in ordinary chandeliers and lamps without any additional structures;
• LED - revolutionary devices based on the use of LEDs. Unlike their predecessors, they do not heat up or flicker, and also withstand environmental influences and power surges well. The high cost of the devices is more than compensated by their long service life and unsurpassed low resource consumption.

Natural light and how to regulate it

Direct hit to the premises natural light may cause some discomfort. Reflecting from mirror and glossy surfaces, the sun's harsh rays irritate your eyesight. In addition, they heat the room too much, and this is not always desirable, especially in the summer. Therefore there are various ways for intrusion protection daylight and regulation of its quantity.
Traditionally, various curtains and tulle are used for this purpose. The choice of material depends on the needs of the room owners. You can choose light transparent curtains that will only slightly adjust the lighting. Or blind curtains that create absolute darkness in the room even during the daytime. Blinds are used as light regulators, roller blinds. There is a more radical solution - to install double-glazed windows with a special coating to reflect sunlight. This is especially true for skylights attic floor. And for those who do not have the opportunity to change glass, there are plenty of offers for self-adhesive tinting film.

If there is not enough light, it can be “caught” using:

• window extensions;
• introducing reflective surfaces, light finishes and furniture into the interior;
• removing trees and bushes covering windows.

About lamps and their placement

A harmonious lighting scenario is created based on the characteristics of the room and design direction. Correctly selected accents allow you to visually change the space, correct its shortcomings and emphasize its advantages.

The “queen” of lighting design is still the chandelier. In a large room with high ceilings, massive structures on a long suspension are used. Low ceilings are a reason to shorten the length of the cord or chain and direct the rays upward, creating the illusion of raised arches. Spotlights can be an addition to the “centerpiece” of a living room or act as a “core” in a hallway or bathroom. Sconces, spots, floor lamps, table lamps - serve as a highly specialized addition to the main light. Each of them has its own specific responsibilities - lighting the workspace, places for relaxing, reading, cooking or eating. LED panels, cords, fiber are excellent tools for decorating a two-level stretch ceiling or walls. Cords mounted in plasterboard niches can be multi-colored. To change the color, you just need to press a button on the remote control. Using LEDs, they create a variety of patterns that look stunning at night.

Does lighting have a style?

To answer this question, you need to take a closer look at the devices that help fill the room with light. The style directly depends on the characteristics of the lamps - shape, color, materials of manufacture. IN classic interiors chandeliers and sconces with crystal pendants are welcome. In modern ones, chrome-plated devices reign. Pop art is filled with bright, sometimes awkward lampshades. The interior of a country house in the Provence style will be “warmed” by textile lampshades. A loft is unthinkable without production spotlights, track systems and spots. Forged or wooden structures add country flavor. Art Nouveau is made even more impressive by intricate lines and shapes. The chosen style affects the number of light sources, their power and placement.

Room lighting design

Proper organization of lighting is one of the primary design tasks. This is the most important component of the comfort and coziness of your home. Each room has its own rules for selecting and installing certain devices. Light should emphasize the advantages of the chosen design and create a certain atmosphere.

Hallway and corridor

The hallway is usually deprived of sunlight. The use of artificial sources allows you to transform a gloomy corridor into a bright, attractive reception area. Bulky devices are of no use here - why “eat up” already small space. In addition, it is unsafe to use voluminous chandeliers and floor lamps in a cramped room. It would be more advisable to place a ceiling spotlight here and hang a sconce on the wall near the mirror. LED lighting in the cabinet or decorative niches, as well as a mirrored wall, will enhance the illumination.

Living room

In the living room the situation is reversed. Here a volumetric chandelier is more than appropriate. Since this is a common room, different lighting scenarios need to be provided. A sconce above an armchair, a floor lamp by the sofa, and an LED fiber device on the coffee table will fit perfectly into the interior. LED decoration with various programs will help you relax on a weekday and decorate a holiday party.

Bedroom

The traditional design of a bedroom involves the presence of overhead light - a chandelier or devices built into the suspended ceiling, lamps in the area of ​​the bedside tables and dressing table. In addition, LED lighting is used for niches, cabinets, and bed contours. Theatrical mirrors and paintings with built-in lamps add special chic to the room.

Organizing lighting in an apartment is one of the primary tasks that must be solved at the interior planning stage. When choosing lighting fixtures, you need to think not only about aesthetic appeal. Remember that the level of illumination in a home directly affects the health of people, pets and even flowers.

Correct lighting

Two factors influence lighting efficiency:

• Lamp power
• Number of light sources

By varying the number of lamps, you can successfully reflect the light scenario of the room.

To arrange functional areas, for example, for relaxation, eating, work, games, etc., lighting fixtures of different brightness are combined. The skillful use of light and shadow emphasizes all the advantages and hides the flaws of the room.

Living room

This room requires bright general light (200-250 W). Based on the area, the number of local sources is determined. For example, if the living room also includes a workplace, then it is additionally illuminated with a table lamp.

Bedroom

Here it is appropriate to use a lamp with a matte shade or a short chandelier (100-150 W). Sconces (60-100 W) are placed at the head of the bed on both sides.

Opposite you can place a floor lamp or a pair of less powerful lamps (40-60 W). This combination helps create a calm environment.

Kitchen

If the room is small, then general lighting is not necessary. It is recommended to move the lamp closer to the dining table. LEDs can be used to additionally illuminate the kitchen unit.

Bathroom

General lighting is required. The local source can be hung above the mirror. Since this is a room with high humidity, the lamps should have shades.

Children's

In this room, it is better to create lighting using multi-point lamps. They do not emit bright directional light, which avoids negative impact on vision.

Equip your study or computer desk with a desk lamp. Light a place for doing handicrafts, drawing or reading with a sconce or floor lamp.

Corridor and hallway

Since these are often small and narrow rooms, the light here needs to be bright and versatile. Install lamps along the perimeter of the walls. Extra soft natural light you can highlight the mirror.

For modern lighting apartments, it is important to take into account the color rendition of sources. This will allow you to comfortably arrange all the rooms and prevent color distortion of interior items. It is optimal to use lamps with an index of Ra-100. This light allows you to display colors most accurately. The lower the value of the indicator, the worse the color rendering.

If you still haven’t decided how exactly to make lighting in your apartment, look at photos on the Internet and you’ll probably come up with ideas. Otherwise, you can hire a designer and he will solve this problem.

If problems arise with the lighting circuit, you can seek advice from a lighting engineer, he will tell you how to correctly calculate the lighting and give good advice. Remember that with the help of light you can turn an inconspicuous home into a masterpiece. Don't be afraid to experiment!

Photo of lighting in the apartment

The very concept of a studio apartment presupposes an open layout of the room without pronounced partitions. Here the division into zones appears rather conditionally. The most common areas are the kitchen and living room. If the area of ​​the apartment allows, it is possible to separate a bedroom and a study.

When planning a lighting system for a studio apartment with a small area, you should not overload it with an excessive number of lamps. This will further emphasize the cramped space. Light sources should give a feeling of confidence that everything is in its place.

Lighting in a studio apartment, as well as in other rooms, can be natural or artificial. To achieve the best result, you need to properly combine both of these light sources. In this case, the lack of the first must be compensated for by the second.

Natural

If the apartment windows face the shady side and the sun in the room is a rare guest, you should not close the windows thick curtains. It is better to hang a light organza or transparent veil. In addition, you should avoid using dark colors in the interior, limiting itself to only small inclusions in the form of individual accessories.

Artificial

As for artificial lighting, it must be multi-level to fully cover all functional areas. There are several unspoken rules for using artificial lighting.

• If the apartment is small in size, but has a lot of natural light, then it should be illuminated evenly.
• If the dominant tone of the apartment is dark, it is better to divide it into several zones using additional lamps and fixtures.
• Neutral white light must be used as task lighting.
• If you want to draw attention to some accents in the interior, use colored lamps and fixtures for this.
• Creating deep shadow areas in a studio apartment is not advisable.

There are several types of lighting:

1. General lighting. A chandelier is often used as the main source. Additional light sources are provided by ceiling lamps, which can be located around the entire perimeter of the room, or concentrated in the center of the ceiling. The lamps built into the stretch ceiling, or in suspended plasterboard structures.
2. Zonal. Such lighting assumes that a group of lamps is placed on certain area premises: eating area, living room, study, relaxation area and others. To enhance the visual effect of separation, various combinations of lighting fixtures and other light sources are possible. For example, you can effectively separate one zone from another using LED cords. Such tapes can provide obvious or hidden illumination. A softer glow is provided by devices hidden in ceiling structures, V kitchen set, under wall cabinets.

photos

It's best not to use the same type of lighting for all areas. In this case, the interior turns out boring and monotonous. Their functional boundaries can be defined using wall sconces, floor and table lamps. In addition to separating tools, they will also serve a decorative function.

If you combine it correctly Various types lighting, then the apartment will be not only stylish, but also cozy. With successful alternation various sources Light and shadow can hide existing shortcomings and highlight the strengths of the room.

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Types of lighting fixtures

• Incandescent lamps. Their light is familiar and comfortable to the human eye. But if there are too many incandescent lamps in a small room, they will heat the air and the apartment will be stuffy.
• Fluorescent lamps. They are also called energy-saving. The first generation of such lamps was characterized by harsh, bright light that irritated the eyesight. However, modern fluorescent lamps have many eye-pleasing shades, so they can easily compete with incandescent lamps.
• Halogen lamps. They are characterized by a dim glow, so they are often used when decorating individual interior elements. They can be placed very well in various niches, arches, decorative partitions. They are used for targeted illumination of paintings, photographs, and sculptures.
• LEDs. They are very durable, and also do not heat up and are not harmful to health. However, the light output of such devices is extremely low, so they cannot be considered as the main light source. In a studio interior, they can play the role of a night light or auxiliary lighting of individual elements. Their dim glow can relieve tension after a hard day and give rest to the eyes.
• Optical fiber. The light in such devices comes only from the end side, so they are also used as additional registration. Chandeliers and lamps using multi-colored optical fiber threads create a feeling of celebration and magic.

The design of the studio apartment space is somewhat different from the design of other apartments. Therefore, when dividing light into such rooms, special attention must be paid to details. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances: how many people live in the apartment, what kind of life they lead, what habits each of them has, and occupation.

If this is a young couple who leads an active lifestyle and only appears in the apartment closer to night, perhaps the kitchen area should be made small, highlighting it with halogen lamps.

If this is a family with a child, you should take care of the sleeping space for the child. Near the crib you can hang a dim night light with a fairy tale theme. And from sleeping place parents can fence it off with a translucent curtain, through which a soft, dim light will break through.

1. Lamps should resonate with the general idea of ​​the interior and be combined in style, creating an overall picture of the apartment. Moreover, each zone must be different from the others.
2. It would be appropriate to designate the sleeping area with one or more dim lamps.
3. Even if the kitchen area is very small, good lighting for the dining table and cooking area is a must. At the same time, the lamps themselves should be positioned in such a way that they do not create a shadow on the working surface.
4. Decorative lighting can be present at several different levels, ranging from overhead lighting throughout the room to spotlights in specific areas.
5. In rooms with low ceilings, it is better to use lamps with reflectors. If you point them upward, they will visually lift the hanging ceiling, giving the room a few extra centimeters of height. Conversely, if the ceiling is too high, use downward-facing lampshades.