14.1 It is allowed to use standard factory-made tools. Non-standard tools and fixtures must be manufactured according to the project.

14.2 Operate the tool in good working order and use it for its intended purpose.

14.3 The heads of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth, slightly convex surface without warps, chips, gouges, cracks and burrs.

14.4 The handles of hammers, sledgehammers and other impact tools must be made of dry hardwood hardwood(birch, oak, beech, maple, ash, rowan, dogwood, hornbeam) without knots and cross-layers or from synthetic materials, ensuring operational strength and operational reliability.

The use of handles made from soft and thick-layered wood (spruce, pine, etc.), as well as from raw wood, is prohibited. Handles of hammers, chisels, etc. must have an oval cross-section along the entire length, be smooth and free of cracks. The handles should thicken towards the free end (except for sledgehammers) to prevent the handle from slipping out of the hands when swinging and striking with the tool.

The sledgehammer is mounted on a handle that tapers towards the free end. To ensure secure fastening, the sledgehammer is soaked in water. The seat of the sledgehammer handle should be thick and not wedged. The sledgehammer is attached from the thin end of the handle to the thick one. The axis of the handle must be strictly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool.

Wedges for strengthening the tool on the handle must be made of mild steel and have notches (ruffs).

When driving wedges into hammer handles, they must be held with pliers.

14.5 It is prohibited to work with tools whose handles are mounted on pointed ends (files, scrapers, etc.) without metal banding rings.

14.6 The handles (handles) of shovels must be firmly fixed in the holders, and the part of the handle protruding from the holder must be cut off obliquely to the plane of the shovel.

Shovel handles should be made from wood without knots or cross-layers or from synthetic materials.

14.7 Crowbars must be straight with drawn and pointed ends.

14.8 Impact tools (chisels, crosscutters, bits, notches, cores, etc.) must have a smooth back part without cracks, burrs, hardening and bevels. There should be no damage to the working end. The length of the impact tool must be at least 150 mm, and the sharpening angle of the working part of the chisel must correspond to the material being processed:

For cutting cast iron and bronze - 70°;

For cutting medium-hard steel - 60°;

For cutting copper and brass - 45°;

For cutting aluminum and zinc - 35°.

The middle part of the chisel should have an oval or multifaceted cross-section without sharp edges and burrs on the side faces, and the impact part should have the shape of a truncated cone.

14.9 When working with wedges or chisels using sledgehammers, wedge holders with a handle of at least 0.7 m in length must be used.

14.10 When working with impact tools, workers must wear safety glasses to prevent solid particles from getting into their eyes.

Do not allow people to be in the area of ​​possible flying metal fragments, particles, parts (knocked out wedges).

14.11 When using pliers, rings must be used. The dimensions of the rings must correspond to the dimensions of the workpieces being processed. WITH inside The handles of the pliers must have a stop that prevents pinching of the fingers.

14.12 The surfaces of the metal handles of the pliers must be smooth (without dents, nicks, or burrs) and free of scale.

14.13 The screwdriver must be selected according to the width of the working part (blade), depending on the size of the slot in the head of the screw or screw.

14.14 The dimensions of the jaw (grip) of the wrenches should not exceed the dimensions of the bolt heads (nut faces) by more than 0.3 mm. The use of shims when the gap between the planes of the jaws and the heads of bolts or nuts is more than permissible is prohibited.

The working surfaces of the wrenches should not have knocked down bevels, and the handles should not have burrs. The size of the key must be indicated on the handle. When loosening and tightening nuts and bolts, lengthen spanners additional levers (if this is not provided for in the design of the key), second keys or pipes are prohibited. If necessary, use wrenches with long handles. Do not tighten the nut or bolt with a jerk.

14.15 The tool at the workplace must be positioned in such a way that it cannot roll or fall. It is prohibited to place the tool on the railings of fences or the unfenced edge of scaffolding, scaffolding, as well as near open hatches and wells.

14.16 When carrying or transporting a tool, its sharp parts must be protected.

14.17 Do not use as a hand impact tool random items(parts, scraps of metal, pipes, etc.).

14.18 It is allowed to check the alignment of the holes only with the help of a conical mandrel, and not with your fingers.

14.19 All hand tools (both those in the tool room and those handed out) must be inspected periodically (at least once a quarter). The faulty tool must be removed.

14.20 In each department where hand tools are used, the following must be determined by order of the manager:

Persons from among managers and specialists responsible for periodic inspection;

Procedure and timing of inspection of hand tools.

Instruction No.___

INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection
when working with hand tools

The instructions are drawn up in accordance with the “Standard labor protection instructions when working with hand tools» TOI R-45-065-97.

1. General safety requirements

1.1. TO independent work Workers with hand tools are allowed:

• at least 18 years of age;
• having appropriate professional qualifications;
• have undergone a preliminary (upon hiring) and periodic medical examination and have no contraindications;
• have undergone on-the-job training and internship;
• completed briefings: introductory, safety and on-the-job training.

1.2. Hand tools used in work must comply with the requirements of GOSTs and the instructions of the manufacturers.

1.3. When working with hand tools, workers must:

• comply with internal rules labor regulations;
• perform only the work assigned by the immediate supervisor;
• know and improve methods safe work;
• use hand tools for their intended purpose; any malfunction should be reported to the work manager;
• know the location and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment;
• immediately inform the work manager about any situation that threatens the life or health of workers and others, or an accident that occurred at work;
• be able to provide pre-medical care to victims of accidents;
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• Before working with a hand tool, read the instructions for it;
• Hand tools must be used in accordance with their intended purpose;
• use special clothing and personal protective equipment for their intended purpose.

1.4. Workers must be provided with special clothing, shoes and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the “Model industry standards for the free issuance of personal protective equipment for the profession (position”), in addition to them, when working with power tools, workers may, if necessary, be issued the following personal protective equipment free of charge:

• to protect the organs of vision from dust and flying particles - goggles or shields;
• to protect the hearing organs from noise - anti-noise headphones or earmuffs that last until they wear out;
• to protect the respiratory system from dust, smoke, vapors and gases - respirators or gas masks;
• to protect against damage electric shock— dielectric protection means;
• to protect hands from damage - mittens or gloves.

1.5. Workers who have received hand tools for everyday use for individual or team use are responsible for their correct operation and timely rejection.

1.6. The hand tools used must meet the following requirements:

• the handles of impact tools - hammers, sledgehammers - must be made of dry wood of hard and tough species, smoothly processed and securely fastened;
• the handles of hammers and sledgehammers must be straight, and cross section have an oval shape. The handles should thicken somewhat towards the free end (except for sledgehammers) so that when swinging and hitting the tools, the handle does not slip out of the hands. In sledgehammers, the handle tapers somewhat toward the free end. The axis of the handle must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool;
• To securely fasten the hammer and sledgehammer, the handle is wedged from the end with metal and jagged wedges. Wedges for strengthening the tool on the handle should be made of mild steel;
• the strikers of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth, slightly convex surface without warps, chips, gouges, cracks and burrs.

1.7. Impact hand tools (chisels, bits, notches, cores, etc.) must have:

• smooth back part without cracks, burrs, hardening and bevels;
• side faces without burrs and sharp corners.

Handles mounted on the pointed tail ends of the tool must have bandage rings.

1.8. The chisel should not be shorter than 150 mm, the length of its extended part should be 60-70 mm. The tip of the chisel should be sharpened at an angle of 65-70°, the cutting edge should be a straight or slightly convex line, and the side edges where they are grasped by hand should not have sharp edges.

1.9. Wrenches must be marked and match the size of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the wrenches must be parallel. The working surfaces of the wrenches should not be chipped, and the handles should not have burrs.

Extending wrenches by attaching a second wrench or pipe is prohibited.

1.10. For screwdrivers, the blade should fit into the slot of the screw head without any gap.

1.11. Tools with insulating handles (pliers, pliers, side and end cutters, etc.) must have dielectric covers or coatings without damage (delamination, swelling, cracks) and fit tightly to the handles.

1.12. The crowbars should be straight, with pointed ends drawn out.

1.13. The handles of files, scrapers, etc., mounted on pointed tail ends, are equipped with bandage (tightening) rings.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, you must receive a task from your supervisor and instructions on safe methods for performing the assigned work.

2.2. Wear the special clothing and special shoes required by the regulations. If you need to work lying down or on your knees, wear elbow pads or knee pads.

2.3. The illumination of the workplace must be sufficient.

2.4. Before you start working with a hand tool, you need to make sure it is in full working order. Check the correct attachment of the hammer, sledgehammer, ax, etc.; is the metal splintered at the edges of the hammer, sledgehammer, axe, etc.

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. The position of the tool in the workplace must prevent it from rolling or falling.

3.2. When working with a chisel or other hand tool for chopping metal, you must use eye protection and cotton gloves.

3.3. When carrying or transporting a tool, its sharp parts must be covered with covers or otherwise.

3.4. When working with jacks, it is prohibited to load the jacks above their rated load capacity.

3.5. When using a tool with insulated handles, do not hold it behind stops or collars that prevent your fingers from slipping towards metal parts.

3.6. It is prohibited to use tools with insulating handles, in which the dielectric covers or coatings do not fit tightly to the handles, have swelling, delamination, cracks, cavities, or other damage.

3.7. Hand tools must be transported and transferred to the place of work under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for work, i.e. they must be protected from contamination, moisture and mechanical damage.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If a tool malfunctions, the employee must stop working and notify the supervisor about the malfunctions that have arisen.

4.2. If an accident occurs with a workmate, the employee must be able to provide him with first (pre-medical) aid.

4.3. If you are injured, you should:

• stop working;
• notify the manager;
• go to the first aid station.

5. Safety requirements after completion of work

5.1. When finishing work you should:

• put in order workplace;
• put the tool in the designated place;
• store the tool in indoors, far away from heating batteries and protected from sunlight, moisture, aggressive substances;
• take off your overalls and hang them in the designated storage area.

5.2. Report any shortcomings discovered during work to your immediate supervisor.

Many people confuse concepts such as “occupational health” and “safety precautions”, considering them identical. Let's try to clarify. Currently, the term “safety precautions” has been withdrawn from circulation and is practically not mentioned in new documents. He used to be integral part set of laws on labor protection, combined organizational measures designed to prevent the impact of hazardous production situations on workers.

Occupational safety is “a system of legislative acts, as well as preventive and regulating socio-economic, organizational, technical, sanitary and hygienic and treatment and preventive measures, means and methods aimed at ensuring safe conditions labor" .

Safety rules when working with tools and devices are divided into general and targeted, which are followed before the start of a shift, during the working day, at the end of it, and in emergency circumstances.

Neglect of compliance with safety requirements when working with various devices, mechanical and automatic equipment can lead to dire consequences. Minor and serious injuries, including death, can occur. The Ministry of Labor of Russia, by its order No. 552n dated August 17, 2015, approved the “Rules on labor protection when working with tools and devices,” which are subject to strict execution by employees of all enterprises, organizations, as well as entrepreneurs. This document is useful to study not only for employees of enterprises, but also for amateur craftsmen.

General rules

The main safety requirement when working with hand tools is its normal technical condition and consistency with applicable standards or technical specifications. Ensuring safety when performing actions with manual mechanisms rests with the head of the department. In addition, general safety standards provide for the mandatory execution of such requests:

1. For each category of tools, the following must be developed and approved by the director of the enterprise: instructions for use, instructions on labor protection when working with hand tools.
2. Adults who have been trained in production safety, who have passed exams, and who have successfully completed an internship may be allowed to shift.
3. Hand tools and devices must be subject to cyclic inspection. Once every three months they must be inspected for damage and the necessary tests performed. Faulty items should be sent for repair or disposed of and replaced with new ones.
4. Must be excluded Negative influence on employees of severe, harmful factors.
5. Workers should be provided with funds personal protection, workwear, footwear in accordance with current standards.
6. Every employee must know how to provide first aid in the event of an accident and be able to properly help the victim.

Generally accepted rules for labor protection when working with tools and devices, as in other production situations, provide for compliance with the internal labor regime of the organization. Proper alternation of working time and breaks has positive influence to increase productivity, worker well-being, and promote concentration.

What to do before your shift starts

First of all, you need to accept the task and undergo training on safe methods for performing a specific task. In addition, you need:

• change into work clothes and shoes; long hair hide under a headdress;
• prepare personal protective equipment prescribed by regulations;
• in workshops where loads are moved by air, work only in a helmet;
• check the suitability of devices and equipment and ensure their serviceability.

Hammers, hatchets, sledgehammers must be tightly placed on the handles, precisely reinforced with special wedges. The handles are made from dry, strong wood, without knots. Must be completely smooth and free of burrs.

Files and chisels must be equipped with wooden handles with protective metal rings. Shovel cuttings are also made from strong wood in a dried state. They are made round and smooth. The part of the handle that is fixed in the crown of the shovel is cut at an angle to the metal plane.

Tools intended for chopping and cutting (knives, chisels, cores, notches and others) cannot have cracks, chips, burrs, other defects on the cutting edge, or sharp ribs on the sides. The dimensions of work areas must meet standard values.

Hacksaws of any modification, removable blades should be equipped with the correct tension, sharpened with high quality, and properly set.

Before starting a shift assignment, you need to test the lighting and ventilation. So that during labor process Do not waste time replacing light bulbs or adjusting the operation of the ventilation system.

Safety measures during the working period

IN ideal The mechanic's workplace must be equipped with racks or special cabinets for storing tools. And to move it, tool carts with boxes are used. In such conditions, objects will always be protected from dirt, excessive humidity, shocks, and falls. Labor protection requirements when working with hand tools and devices include: careful attitude And proper storage. This is the only way to ensure the normal technical condition of the equipment. When organizing operations using hand tools, you must:

• prevent individual objects from falling or sliding;
• When cutting metal, use protective glasses and gloves;
• do not overload jacks and other lifting mechanisms;
• When moving equipment, protect sharp edges with any in a convenient way(covers, cases, caps);
• use the tools strictly for their intended purpose;
• in the immediate vicinity of live objects, use devices protected by insulation and not allowing electric current to pass through;
• fix the vice on the workbench in such a way that its upper plane is located at the level of the worker’s elbow; the clamping jaws must be equipped with notches, placed strictly parallel to each other, and firmly grip the workpiece;
• when working with a chisel (wedges) and a hammer, use wedge holders with a long handle (at least 70 cm);
• use devices with insulating handles that do not have defects or damaged areas.

The rules for safe handling of manual mechanisms prohibit:

• using improvised objects or spacers to close the gap between the flat of the wrench and the edges of the bolt or nut;
• the use of additional levers to wrenches, lever scissors in order to increase the tightening force; if such a need arises, you should use keys with long handles;
• work with lever scissors without securely securing them to benchtop devices or racks prepared for this purpose.

Lever shears should not have distortions on the cutting blades. It is forbidden to operate this device if its knives are dull and do not fit tightly together.

Safety requirements for locksmith's tool with insulating handles, it is prohibited to hold it outside the limiting stops or shoulders during operation. Since ignoring this rule can lead to fingers sliding onto the cutting part of the instrument, which is directly associated with injury. It is prohibited to use plumbing equipment or perform actions that generate sparks near flammable and explosive substances and objects.

Require special attention electrical devices– hammer drills, drills, angles grinding machines, vibrators. During the process, the insulating coatings of current-carrying elements may be destroyed under shock or vibration influences. To ensure safe handling of power tools, reduced voltage must be used. Check devices thoroughly before use and monitor their behavior during the work shift. Electrical equipment subject to mandatory testing every month. In this case, a stamp is applied to the body with the date of the next inspection.

For instruments powered by compressed air, you should check the tightness of all connections and the reliability of the clamps. Carry out repair and preventative actions with the compressor turned off.

How to behave in emergency situations

When an accident or conditions associated with it occur, it is necessary to immediately stop work and notify the department head. If an accident occurs and there is a victim, then you must:

• provide the victim with first aid;
• if necessary, organize its delivery to a medical facility on your own or by calling an ambulance;
• take immediate measures to ensure that the emergency situation does not develop further and the possible impact of traumatic circumstances on other workers is excluded.

In order to ensure the investigation of the accident in the right direction, it is necessary to maintain the situation in the same position as it was at the time of the incident. If this cannot be done due to emergency circumstances, then you need to accurately record the situation on paper. Draw up acts, diagrams, sketches, collect written explanations from those present.

In case of smoke or fire, the following actions must be taken:

• immediately call the fire department by calling 101;
• notify company employees, managers, and watchmen about the fire in any way;
• turn off the power supply, eliminate drafts by closing the windows;
• provide access to emergency exits and open them;
• use primary fire extinguishing agents to extinguish a fire, unless this poses a risk to life.

It is advisable to perform all of the above actions simultaneously. In case of great danger, you must leave the premises yourself, help other workers leave the danger zone and stay in the evacuation area. It is necessary to meet the fire service so that it can begin eliminating fires and their consequences as quickly as possible.

Necessary actions after the shift

Standards and requirements for hand tools and devices require proper handling not only during the work process, but also after it, as well as during storage. This means that after finishing a working day, it is necessary to bring all the tools into proper condition: clean them of dirt, dust, and excess lubricant. Then all items need to be laid out in their positions, the doors of cabinets, drawers closed, or covered with a rag if they are located on open shelves.

The employee is obliged to clean the workplace, and only then take off his overalls and shoes. Put it in order and place it in a specially designated place. Damaged or unusable mechanisms must be handed over to the manager, and also report to him about all malfunctions, problems, and difficulties discovered during the working day.

Summarizing the above, it must be emphasized that only strict adherence to the requirements of security legislation will help eliminate bottlenecks associated with the activities of employees and reduce the level of injury and illness. On the other hand, systematic training and testing of employees' knowledge on professionalism issues and safety measures improves literacy. Helps increase productivity and improve the moral climate within the team.

Video

State Committee of the Russian Federation

on communications and information

STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS
on labor protection when working with hand tools

TOI R-45-065-97

The instruction comes into force on September 1, 1998.

1. General requirements security

1.1. Hand tools used in work must comply with the requirements of GOSTs and the instructions of the manufacturers.

1.2. Hand tools must be used in accordance with their intended purpose.

1.3. The administration of the enterprise (organization) must ensure systematic control of:

Ensuring that employees comply with safety rules when working with tools;

Over the use of special clothing, safety footwear and personal protective equipment by employees;

Ensuring that the tool meets safety requirements.

1.4. Workers who have received a hand tool for everyday use for individual or team use are responsible for its correct use and timely rejection.

1.5. The hand tools used must meet the following requirements:

The handles of impact tools - hammers, sledgehammers must be made of dry hard and tough wood, smoothly processed and securely fastened;

the handles of hammers and sledgehammers should be straight and oval in cross section. The handles should thicken somewhat towards the free end (except for sledgehammers) so that when swinging and hitting the tools, the handle does not slip out of the hands. In sledgehammers, the handle tapers somewhat toward the free end. The axis of the handle must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tool;

To securely fasten the hammer and sledgehammer, the handle is wedged from the end with metal and jagged wedges. Wedges for securing the tool to the handles should be made of mild steel;

the strikers of hammers and sledgehammers must have a smooth, slightly convex surface without warps, chips, gouges, cracks and burrs.

1.6. Impact hand tools (chisels, bits, notches, cores, etc.) must have:

Smooth back part without cracks, burrs, hardening and bevels;

The side edges are free of burrs and sharp corners.

Handles mounted on the pointed tail ends of the tool must have bandage rings.

1.7. The chisel should not be shorter than 150 mm, the length of its extended part should be 60 - 70 mm. The tip of the chisel should be sharpened at an angle of 65 - 70°, the cutting edge should be a straight or slightly convex line, and the side edges where they are grasped by hand should not have sharp edges.

1.8. Wrenches must be marked and match the size of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the wrenches must be parallel. The working surfaces of the wrenches should not be chipped, and the handles should not have burrs.

Extending wrenches by attaching a second wrench or pipe is prohibited.

1.9. For screwdrivers, the blade should fit into the slot of the screw head without any gap.

1.10. Tools with insulating handles (pliers, pliers, side and end cutters, etc.) must have dielectric covers or coatings without damage (delamination, swelling, cracks) and fit tightly to the handles.

1.11. The crowbars should be straight, with pointed ends drawn out.

1.12. The handles of files, scrapers, etc., mounted on pointed tail ends, are equipped with bandage (tightening) rings.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, you must receive a task from your supervisor and instructions on safe methods for performing the assigned work.

2.2. Wear special clothing and special shoes as required by regulations. If you need to work lying down or on your knees, wear elbow pads or knee pads.

2.3. The illumination of the workplace must be sufficient.

2.4. Before you start working with a hand tool, you need to make sure it is in full working order. Check the correct attachment of the hammer, sledgehammer, ax, etc.; Is the metal splintered at the edges of a hammer, sledgehammer, ax, etc.

3. Safety requirements during operation

3.1. The position of the tool in the workplace must prevent it from rolling or falling.

3.2. When working with a chisel or other hand tool for chopping metal, you must use eye protection and cotton gloves.

3.3. When carrying or transporting a tool, its sharp parts must be covered with covers or otherwise.

3.4. When working with jacks, it is prohibited to load the jacks above their rated load capacity.

3.5. When using a tool with insulated handles, do not hold it behind stops or shoulders that prevent your fingers from slipping towards metal parts.

3.6. It is prohibited to use tools with insulating handles, in which the dielectric covers or coatings do not fit tightly to the handles, have swelling, delamination, cracks, cavities, or other damage.

3.7. Hand tools must be transported and transported to the place of work under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for work, i.e. it must be protected from contamination, moisture and mechanical damage.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. If a tool malfunctions, the employee is obliged to stop work and notify the manager about the malfunctions that have arisen.

4.2. If an accident occurs with a workmate, the employee must be able to provide him with first (pre-medical) aid.

4.3. If you are injured, stop working, notify your supervisor, and go to the first aid station.

5. Safety requirements after completion of work

5.1. Tidy up your workspace.

5.2. Place the tool in the designated place.

5.3. Store the tool indoors, away from heating radiators and protected from sunlight, moisture, and aggressive substances.

5.4. Take off the overalls and hang them in the designated storage area.

5.5. Report any shortcomings discovered during work to your immediate supervisor.

Labor protection requirements when working with hand tools are set out in the local labor protection instructions. The instructions were developed on the basis of the Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and social protection of the Republic of Belarus dated September 30, 2016 No. 52 on approval of the Standard Instructions for Labor Protection when performing work using plumbing tools

Chapter 1

GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1. Persons who have passed the in the prescribed manner training and instruction on labor protection issues (hereinafter referred to as employees).

2. When performing work with increased danger using tools, workers additionally undergo an internship and knowledge testing on labor safety issues in accordance with the established procedure.

3. While working with a tool, an employee may be exposed to the following harmful and (or) dangerous production factors:

• increased light brightness;
• reduced contrast;
• lack or lack of natural light;
• sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of workpieces, tools and equipment;
• flying particles, fragments of metal and other materials;
• elevated or low temperature air working area, equipment surfaces, materials;
• increased or decreased humidity and air mobility;
• increased noise level in the workplace;
• location of the workplace at a significant height relative to the surface of the earth (floor);
• insufficient illumination of the work area;
• emotional overload.

4. Depending on the working conditions in which the tool is used, the employee may also be exposed to other harmful and (or) dangerous production factors.

5. When working with a tool, an employee, in addition to personal protective equipment provided for by titanium industry standards for the relevant profession or position, may, if necessary, be given free of charge for protection:

• eyes from exposure to dust, particulates and the like - safety glasses or face shields;
• hearing organs from noise exposure - headphones or earbuds;
• respiratory organs from exposure to dust, smoke, vapors and gases - respirators or gas masks;
• against electric shock - dielectric means of protection.

6. The employee is obliged:

• comply with the requirements of these Instructions;
• perform only the work that is assigned to him, safe ways the implementation of which he is aware of. If necessary, contact the work manager for clarification;
• do not allow unauthorized persons into the workplace;
• correctly use the necessary special clothing, special shoes and other personal protective equipment in accordance with the conditions and nature of the work performed, and in case of their absence or malfunction, immediately notify the work manager;
• comply with the rules of conduct on the territory of the organization, in production, auxiliary and household premises, work and rest hours, labor discipline (resting and smoking is allowed only in specially equipped places for this purpose). It is not allowed to carry out work while in a state of alcohol intoxication or in a state caused by the use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances, as well as drinking alcoholic beverages, using narcotic drugs, psychotropic or toxic substances at the workplace or during working hours;
• comply with labor protection requirements and fire safety, know fire warning signals, procedures in case of fire, locations of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them;
• know the techniques of providing first aid to victims of accidents at work;
• know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it medicines and medical products;
• notify your work manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, every accident that occurred at work, noticed malfunctions of equipment, tools and protective equipment or their absence and do not start work until they are eliminated, about a deterioration in your health, including number of manifestations of signs of acute disease;
• know and observe the rules of personal hygiene.

7. The tool used must be in good working order, used for its intended purpose, comply with working conditions (when working: in an aggressive environment - be resistant to its effects; near flammable, explosive substances, in an atmosphere with the presence of vapors or dust of these substances - do not form sparks), requirements of technical regulatory legal acts for a specific type of tool.

8. The tool must be carried and transported in a safe manner.

9. To carry the tool to the place of work, you must have a special bag or box with several compartments. It is not allowed to carry the tool in clothing pockets. When carrying or transporting the tool, its sharp parts should be protected.

10. Tools issued and used in work, lamps, auxiliary equipment must be taken into account in the organization (structural division of the organization), be checked and tested within the time limits and volumes established by technical regulatory legal acts.

11. For failure to comply with the requirements of this Instruction, employees are liable in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.

Chapter 2

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

12. Before starting work using the tool, the worker must:

• wear personal protective equipment appropriate for the work being performed (fasten special clothing with all buttons, tuck hair under a hat). Before using protective equipment, the employee is obliged to check their serviceability, the absence of external damage, and the timeliness of the inspection (test). It is not allowed to use protective equipment that has not passed the fixed time check (test);
• inspect the workplace, put it in order: remove foreign objects, clear the approaches to it, clear them of debris and residues building materials, V winter time- from snow and ice, if necessary, sprinkle with sand, slag or other anti-slip materials; eliminate the presence of moisture, oil, etc. on the floor.

13. Before carrying out work, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the tools and devices prepared for work:

• the handles of impact tools (hammers, sledgehammers and others) must have an oval shape in cross section and be straight, without burrs, made of dry hardwood or synthetic materials that ensure the strength and reliability of the attachment. It is prohibited to use handles made of soft and thick-layered wood (spruce, pine and others);

• the surface of the striker of the impact tool must be convex, smooth, without burrs, cracks or hardening;

14. Files, screwdrivers and similar tools must be securely fastened in the handle. The wooden handle of the impact tool must be secured at both ends with metal banding rings to protect it from splitting. It is not allowed to work with the tool without metal bandage rings;

• the middle part of the chisel should have an oval or multifaceted cross-section without sharp edges and burrs on the side faces, the striking part should have the shape of a truncated cone;
• files, scrapers, screwdrivers, hacksaws must have handles at least 150 mm long;
• the hacksaw blade must be well stretched and not damaged;

• screwdrivers must have non-curved shafts;

• wrenches must be without increased play and correspond to the sizes of bolts and nuts;

• the jaws of the wrenches must have parallel jaws, the distance between which must correspond standard size, indicated on the key;
• socket and ring wrenches should not move in the connected moving parts;
• the vice must have a non-machined notch on its jaws, be equipped with soft metal spacers for a strong grip of the workpiece, with parallel jaws and be firmly fixed to the workbench;

15. Mechanic's workbench must have a tough and robust construction and be resilient. Top part The workbench is upholstered with sheet steel without protruding edges or sharp corners. The top of the workbench is secured with countersunk screws. The width of the workbench must be at least 750 mm, height - 800-1000 mm. To protect workers from flying fragments, solid or metal mesh(cells no more than 3 mm) shields at least 1 m high, so that when cutting, metal fragments do not injure nearby workers. When working on a two-sided workbench, the shields should be placed in the middle, and when working on one side, on the side facing the workstations, passages, and windows. If possible, a grating should be placed on the floor near the workbench to prevent shoes from getting between the slats.

16. Before working near live, live or moving parts of equipment and mechanisms, it is necessary to check the presence and serviceability of fencing and other collective protective equipment.

17. Before performing work at height, it is necessary to make sure that the scaffolding (scaffolding, scaffolding, stairs, etc.) is strong and stable and meets the labor protection requirements and the nature of the work being performed.

18. Before starting work in electrical installations, Maintenance and repair of electrical parts of machinery and equipment, you should ensure that:

insulating tool handles do not have cavities, chips, swelling, cracks and other defects that lead to a decrease in mechanical and electrical strength;

The connection of the insulating handles with the working part of the tool is strong, eliminating the possibility of their mutual longitudinal movement and rotation during operation.

19. Before carrying out work, it is necessary to check the illumination of the workplace and approaches to it. In case of insufficient lighting, portable hand lamps should be used.

20. Workers should not begin work when:

• cluttering of the workplace and approaches to it;
• insufficient lighting;
• malfunction of tools, technological equipment, scaffolding means, protection, and other violations of labor protection requirements.

21. Detected violations of labor protection requirements must be eliminated by the employee before starting work; if this is impossible, the employee is obliged to report shortcomings in ensuring labor safety to the work manager and not begin work until they are eliminated.

Chapter 3

LABOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS WHEN PERFORMING WORK

22. While working, the employee is obliged to:

• use only serviceable tools and devices, the use of which he is trained, and use them for their intended purpose, in accordance with the technological map;
• maintain cleanliness in the workplace, promptly remove scattered (spilled) substances, objects, materials from the floor;
• do not clutter the workplace and approaches to it;
• apply safe work methods and techniques, comply with labor protection requirements.

23. When carrying out work it is necessary:

• place on the workbench only those parts and tools that are necessary to complete this work;
• place the tool in the workplace so that there is no possibility of it rolling or falling;
• remove dust, shavings, sawdust and metal scraps with brushes, scrapers, hooks or other devices.

Not allowed:

• place the tool on the railings of fences or on the unfenced edge of the platform of scaffolding, scaffolding, as well as near open hatches and wells;
• blow off dust and shavings with compressed air using your mouth;
• place the workpieces on your knees;
• Place long parts (axles, shafts, etc.) vertically, leaning against walls or equipment.

24. When disassembling and assembling units, their parts or assemblies must be placed on a workbench or rack.

25. All workpieces should be installed and secured in a vice, jigs and other devices, which in turn must be securely fastened.

26. It is not allowed:

• use a pipe to extend the lever when clamping a part in a vice;
• work in a vice with a jamming worm;
• use a vise with threaded threads in the bushing or worm.

27. The worker must position the chisel so that the material being cut or chopped is directed away from it.

28. Do not reduce the angle of inclination of the chisel to the plane of the vice jaws to less than 30-35°. Possible breakage of the chisel and hand injury

29. When working with chisels or wedges using sledgehammers and drifts, it is necessary to use holders with a length of at least 0.7 m (the drifts must be made of soft metal).

30. When working with impact tools (cutting, riveting and other work in which the formation of flying solid particles is possible), you should use safety glasses or a face shield, and fence the work area with portable shields and nets to prevent fragments from flying towards workplaces and passages and driveways.

31. When cutting short strips and small parts with scissors, hold them with pliers.

32. When cutting metal patches, their sharp corners, edges and burrs must be carefully cleaned.

33. It is not allowed when working with scissors:

• use auxiliary levers to lengthen the handles;
• cut material by hitting blades or handles;
• keep your hand on the cutting line.

34. When cutting heavy objects hand hacksaw Stands should be used for the part to be cut.

35. It is not allowed to use a hand hacksaw without a handle and hacksaw blades, having cracks and breaks, weakly tensioned and poorly secured in the hacksaw frame.

36. In the working position, the gap between the handles used for forging and pressing When working with pliers, the thickness must be at least 35 mm. To limit the proximity of the handles, stops must be provided.

37. Wrenches should only be used to service fasteners with a size corresponding to the size of the wrench mouth. The head (shoulder) of the wrench must be free of gaps and cover the fastener to its full height. Internal working surfaces and places where replaceable elements of wrenches are attached must be cleaned of dirt.

38. Replacement elements of wrenches must be mounted and removed by hand without impacts or the use of additional devices.

39. When working with an adjustable wrench, its jaws should be pressed close to the edges of the nut or bolt and turned towards the moving part of the wrench.

40. To increase the tightening force of fasteners, you should use wrenches with a working profile that covers the fastener on all sides, repeating the profile of the part.

41. When performing work, hex keys must be inserted into the recessed hole of the fastener to the full depth of the hole. The load should be applied smoothly, without jolts or impacts, as close to the end of the long arm as possible.

42. It is not allowed when working with a key:

• use additional leverage;

• extend wrenches by attaching another wrench or pipe;
• apply pads ( metal plates) between the nut (bolt head) and the wrench;

• hit the key with a hammer or other objects;
• Unscrew nuts and bolts using a chisel and hammer.

43. Screwdrivers should be used for fastening screws and screws with spline sizes corresponding to the dimensions of the working end of the screwdrivers (fitness screwdrivers with straight and cross-shaped working parts should be used for tightening and unscrewing screws and screws, respectively, with straight and cross-shaped slots).

44. When using plumber's screwdrivers, it is not allowed to use them as levers.

45. When drilling with a drill or a brace, the drill should be directed at an angle of 90° to the surface of the product without strong pressure, especially before the drill goes out.

46. ​​When drilling holes using a brace and a hand drill in brick, concrete and other hard materials, avoid jamming the tool with solid inclusions of the material.

47. While working with a rotator and hand drill not allowed:

• check by hand the drill exit from the bottom of the part;
• hold the workpiece with your hands.

48. When performing work using a wrench, you must ensure correct selection and the strength of fixing the tool in the seating surfaces.

49. Move the knob with cutting tool follows perpendicular to the surface, smoothly, without impacts.

50. It is not allowed when working with a knob:

• use a percussion instrument;
• hold the workpiece with your hands.

51. When working with a clamp, you must ensure that:

• the tip of the fastening screw was completely on the surface of the materials being fastened;
• the compressible surfaces were parallel;
• the tip of the screw rotated freely, without jamming and did not fall out of the fasteners, and the axis of the screw was perpendicular to the clamping surface of the clamp.

52. When working with a rasp, file or needle file, the workpiece should be secured in a vice.

53. When filing, the file must be mounted on the handle.

54. The file should be held by the handle with one hand, and with the fingers of the other hand, touching the upper surface at the other end, hold and direct the movement of the file.

55. It is necessary to ensure that the fingers do not fall below the filing level of the part.

56. The forces should be correctly distributed during the working stroke of the file. If the handle hits the part, the shank may jump out and cause injury.

57. It is not allowed:

• tuck your fingers under the working part of the file;
• use files without handles; knock out chips with blows of a file.

58. When disassembling and assembling units and assemblies, in necessary cases, removable devices specified in the technological map should be used.

59. When pressing out bearings and other parts, it is necessary to ensure that the hooking brackets of the removable devices completely grip the working surface, and the screw pair works without jamming with a uniformly applied force.

60. When installing removable devices on parts or parts of mechanisms, the axis of the working screw must pass through their center.

61. When working with removable devices, it is necessary to ensure their cleanliness and serviceability, avoiding increased play, signs of wear and residual deformation.

62. It is not allowed to use tools and other improvised means as removable devices.

63. Devices on which springs are assembled or disassembled (with pre-compression) are equipped with a special protective casing.

64. When installing and removing retaining rings with pliers, you must ensure that the noses of the pliers are not bent and fully fit into the installation holes of the rings.

65. Installation and removal of heavy parts and assemblies must be done using lifting equipment that is in good working order and suitable for the load being lifted.

66. It is not allowed:

• be in the dangerous zone of the transported cargo;
• hold the moving load, slings, etc. with your hands;
• overload the container above its sides;
• during breaks, leave elements of assembled structures hanging.

Chapter 4

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORK COMPLETION

67. Upon completion of work, the employee is obliged:

• disconnect the electrical equipment used, local lighting and ventilation from the power supply;
• tidy up the workplace: clean materials, tools and devices from dust, dirt and put them in a designated place for storage;
• collect used rags in metal box with a tight-fitting lid;
• clean overalls and other personal protective equipment and put them in specially designated storage areas;
• inform the work manager about all problems that arose during work and the measures taken to eliminate them.

68. Upon completion of all work, you should wash your hands and face warm water with soap or similar detergents (it is not allowed to use substances not intended for this purpose for washing), if possible, take a shower.

Chapter 5

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES

69. In the event of an emergency, you should:

• immediately turn off the source that caused the emergency;
• stop all work not related to the elimination of the accident;
• take first aid measures (if there are victims);
• take measures to prevent the development of an emergency situation and the impact of traumatic factors on other persons;
• ensure the removal of people from the danger zone if there is a danger to their health and life;
• Report the incident to the work manager.

70. Work can be resumed only after the causes that led to the emergency have been eliminated.

71. In the event of a fire, you should call the emergency department by calling “101”, report the incident to the work manager, and take measures to extinguish the fire using available fire extinguishing means. The use of water to extinguish live electrical equipment is unacceptable. Carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers are used for these purposes.

72. In case of an accident at work, you must:

• quickly take measures to prevent exposure of the victim to traumatic factors, provide first aid to the victim, call to the scene of the incident medical workers or delivery of the victim to a healthcare organization;
• report the incident to the work manager;
• ensure the safety of the situation at the scene of the incident before the start of the investigation, and if this is not possible (there is a threat to the life and health of others, stopping continuous production) - recording the situation by drawing up a diagram, protocol, photographing or another method.

73. In all cases of injury or sudden illness, it is necessary to call medical workers to the scene of the incident, and if this is not possible, take the victim to the nearest health care organization.

74. Work carried out outdoors (at height) should be suspended in the event of changes in weather conditions that pose a threat to the life and health of workers (thunderstorm, squally wind, snowfall that impairs visibility within the work area) and move to a safe place.