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The gearbox is one of the most important components of a walk-behind tractor. Its task is to uninterruptedly transmit torque from the engine to the wheels via a V-belt drive. Among other functions of the gearbox, it is worth highlighting the change in the speed and direction of movement of the agricultural unit.

Like any other mechanism of a walk-behind tractor, the gearbox of an agricultural implement consists of certain elements. Taking into account the type of gearbox, its design can be equipped with certain parts. Basically, the gearbox design in detail looks like this:

• Cover and pulley;
• Bearings;
• Bushings on the input shaft;
• Adjustment and shift lever;
• Shift fork and shaft;
• Gear in the intermediate shaft;
• Shaft block;
• Double-row chain;
• Sprocket block;
• Washers and seals;
• Input shaft;
• Right and left axle shafts;
• Double star;
• Clutch;
• Bracket and spring;
• Clutch fork.

The mechanism diagram below will tell you in more detail how the walk-behind tractor gearbox works.


Despite enough complex design mechanism, its dismantling and reassembly will not raise any questions even for a beginner. To do this you need:

1. Completely remove the gearbox from the walk-behind tractor;
2. Unscrew the screws and remove the protective covers;
3. Carefully remove the bushing on the input shaft, dismantle the lever and fork that switches the mechanism;
4. Remove the input shaft and gear from it;
5. Remove the shaft bushings and chain;
6. Dismantle the shaft block and remove the sprockets from it;
7. Remove the intermediate shaft along with the gears;
8. Remove the clutch, left and right axle shafts.

After completing all of the above steps, you will receive a disassembled walk-behind tractor gearbox. After repair, the mechanism must be reassembled in reverse order.

What types of walk-behind tractor gearboxes are there – types and purpose

Modern walk-behind tractors are equipped with gearboxes that differ in design and purpose. The mechanisms used to operate agricultural machines are divided into the following types:

• Angular gearbox for a walk-behind tractor - a mechanism of this type serves as a connector between the motor and the transmission of the unit. Excellent characteristics and the low cost of such a unit make it one of the most popular among farmers. The design of the angular gear allows it to be modified, thereby increasing it, thereby significantly increasing the performance of the mechanism;

• Reducing gearbox for a walk-behind tractor - the task of this type of mechanism is to increase the power of the motor and reduce the number of its revolutions. Such gearboxes are considered one of the most reliable and efficient mechanisms, since they consist of durable steel parts that are practically wear-resistant, and standard air system cooling. Motoblocks equipped with such gearboxes can easily cope with any load and can solve many household problems;

• Reverse gearbox - this reverse rotation mechanism is installed between bevel gears, which, in turn, are located on the main shaft of the walk-behind tractor. This reversible circuit is quite simple, so disassembling it takes no more than 10 minutes. The main advantage of a reversible gearbox is the ability to reverse. The disadvantages include the low performance of the mechanism and the low speed when moving the walk-behind tractor in reverse;

• Gear reducer for walk-behind tractor - this type of mechanism is equipped with heavy walk-behind tractors. It is used primarily to transmit the torque generated by the motor to the wheels of an agricultural machine. Among the main advantages of a gear reducer, high reliability and simplicity of design should be highlighted. The only disadvantage of such a mechanism is the difficulty of maintenance. However, most walk-behind tractor manufacturers equip their equipment with a gear reducer. If you are planning to make a homemade gearbox, then it is best to make a gear-type mechanism;

• Worm gear on the walk-behind tractor - to distinctive features This mechanism includes the presence of a special screw and a toothed worm wheel. For the manufacture of each of the elements of such a gearbox, materials with increased strength are used. The gear ratios of worm gearboxes range from 1 to 4. The number of gears directly depends on the number of threaded channels on the mechanism screw. Among the main advantages of a worm gearbox, the high efficiency of the mechanism should be highlighted. It is used in the production of equipment that requires reduced angular velocity and the highest possible torque. The worm gearbox ensures smooth running and low noise levels when operating the walk-behind tractor.

Each of the listed types of mechanisms has its own advantages and disadvantages. This should be remembered when choosing a walk-behind tractor equipped with one or another gearbox.

Many walk-behind tractor owners often wonder how to make a gearbox with their own hands. This is not as difficult to do as it might seem. To work, you need to prepare a number of tools. You will need:

• Straight and oblique screwdriver;
• Hacksaw for cutting metal;
• Pliers or pliers;
• Vise.

The procedure for manufacturing a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor is as follows:

1. First of all, you need to make the mechanism body. To do this, take several steel plates and weld them together in the form of a box. To save time, you can also take the housing from the shaft of the Ural motorcycle and modify it a little;
2. To make the gearbox you will also need gears. They can be taken from the old Druzhba chainsaw. The main thing is that each gear has complete teeth, otherwise homemade mechanism will not work;
3. Cut off the tip in one of the shafts and drill a hole;
4. On the other side of the gearbox, install the second shaft and attach the race and bearings to it;
5. Finally, the output shaft will need to be connected to a pulley.

A home-made gearbox for a walk-behind tractor has simple design, thanks to which the mechanism can be repaired in 20–30 minutes.

Not only beginners, but also experienced farmers should know the answer to this question. The serviceability and service life of the walk-behind tractor gearbox largely depend on the quality and characteristics of the oil.

Before the purchase lubricant You should familiarize yourself with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the agricultural machine. Second important factor- this is the cost of oil. There is no need to buy the cheapest lubricants, since in most cases they are not capable of ensuring normal operation of the mechanism.

Oils for walk-behind tractor gearboxes are divided into several types. Depending on the labeling, the following lubricants are found on the market:

• SAE - these compounds are used in conditions with frequent and severe temperature changes. Thanks to this, oils with such markings can be used practically all year round. When purchasing such oil, you need to pay attention to the number that is located in front of the letter W. The lower the number, the lower the temperature at which the oil can be filled;
• ASEA - oils with this marking are considered almost universal. Moreover, the higher the number in the marking, the more difficult conditions, in which the composition is used;
• API - oils with this marking are the most common. They are successfully used to lubricate all types of gearboxes, and ensure long-term operation of mechanisms under the most severe conditions.

All of the listed types of motor block gearbox oils have their own characteristics. Be sure to study them and compare the indicators with the recommendations specified in the walk-behind tractor operating manual.

Changing the oil in a walk-behind tractor - a detailed algorithm for beginners

Before pouring a new lubricant into the gearbox, it is necessary to clean the mechanism of the used composition. The oil change looks like this:

• Place the walk-behind tractor on a level, raised surface. It's best if you have it in the garage inspection hole– by installing the unit above it, it will be much easier for you to change the oil in the gearbox of the walk-behind tractor;
• The mechanism has 2 plugs. One of them is used to drain the used composition, and the second closes the hole in which a new product needs to be poured;
• First, unscrew the oil fill cap. After this, place a wide container under the drain plug;
• Carefully unscrew the drain cap and wait until the used oil flows out;
• After this, screw the drain cap until it stops using a spanner;
• Insert a funnel into the filling hole and add new oil;
• Then screw the cap on and unscrew it again - at the end of the cap there is a 10-centimeter dipstick that will help determine the amount of oil filled. If the oil is at the end of the dipstick, it means that you no longer need to add lubricant. The video will tell you in more detail about changing the oil in the gearbox of a walk-behind tractor.

Under normal operating conditions, the oil in the walk-behind tractor gearbox should be changed no more than once every 100 hours of operation. If the unit is used around the clock, then this must be done more often - at least 1 time for every 50 hours of operation. This will help prevent breakdowns not only of the gearbox, but also of other mechanisms of the agricultural machine.

Finding the answer to this question is quite simple. To do this you will need to proceed in the following order:

• Place the walk-behind tractor on flat surface so that the wings of the unit are located parallel to the surface itself;
• Take a piece of wire at least 70 cm long - it will act as an oil dipstick;
• Bend the wire into an arc;
• Insert the wire inside the tank to the very end and pull it out.

If the oil is at the level of 30 cm of the wire length, then you no longer need to add oil. If the wire remains completely dry, then you will need to pour at least 2 liters of lubricant inside the gearbox.

If you find an oil leak from the walk-behind tractor gearbox, this indicates the need to replace the mechanism oil seal. This procedure is performed in the following order:

• First, remove the cutters from the shaft, thoroughly clean them of dirt and oil residues;
• Unscrew the bolts of the cover protecting the gearbox. If the lid “sits” too tightly on the body, you need to tap it with a hammer;
• Pull out the old oil seal and wipe the area under it;
• Apply sealant to the edges of the new oil seal, install the part and tighten the gearbox cover.

On average, replacing an oil seal takes no more than 10 minutes. Before operating the walk-behind tractor, be sure to ensure that the sealant is completely dry.

All of the listed tips for changing oil and oil seals for walk-behind tractor gearboxes are suitable for agricultural machines Farmer, SKA, Neva MB-1 and MB-2, as well as for units of the Kaskad and Oka brands.

In order to increase and improve the efficiency of agricultural production, agricultural companies, agricultural enterprises, farms and ordinary farmers use all kinds of mechanical units. A faithful assistant to any farmer, gardener and just a person with summer cottage plot When plowing the land, clearing grass, snow, personal plots and even transporting small-sized loads, a walk-behind tractor is used - a small tractor with control levers. This device is equipped with two wheels and a motor, the power of which depends on the selected walk-behind tractor model or its modification. Which, in turn, greatly facilitates human labor and reduces the amount of effort required.

The operation of this unit does not require a lot of time and effort, since it is quite simple in its structure. However, for those who do not need the power of a walk-behind tractor, a walk-behind cultivator - its simplified version - is perfect.

The gearbox in combination with the power unit, frame and suspension forms a walk-behind tractor.

This mechanism can be made by hand

Gearbox device

One of the most important and most discussed among fans Agriculture element of this mechanical device– gearbox (converter). In the operation of the device, this part plays a role equivalent to the role of the engine.

It is important that, being responsible for transmitting torque to the drive shaft, the gearbox directly affects the durability of the walk-behind tractor. It is also responsible for the speed and movement of the unit.

The main elements of the walk-behind tractor gearbox are:

• strong metal casing;
• shafts and gears;
• stars;
• bearings;
• belt or chain drive.

In this video you will learn how to make a gearbox:

The operating principle is as follows: since the main task of the gearbox is the ability to change the rotation speed at the moment of transmitting force between devices. It transmits torque from the drive shaft to driven shafts located at an angle of 90 degrees to it. This is possible through gears whose teeth are made in a specific shape.

Converter classification

Rapid development modern technologies with high demand for agricultural products, it gave impetus to the modernization and improvement of equipment and its elements. The converters also went through certain stages of modification.

Depending on the need for assembly and disassembly, gearboxes can be:

• non-separable - the production of such spare parts is made from economical and low-quality parts. In this case, the part turns out to be a single whole, and if one of the elements breaks down, the entire mechanism must be repaired or replaced;
• collapsible - designed for higher quality and more expensive equipment than the previous version. The huge advantage of this particular type of gearbox is that any element can be replaced or removed in the event of a breakdown.

Depending on the type of gearbox transmission, there are the following types:

1. Angular - responsible for connecting the motor to the transmission. This type is widespread in mechanical engineering in the production of cars and technical devices. Using such a converter opens ample opportunities during operation under high loads. This part can be made with your own hands, choosing the right parts and taking into account possible operating conditions. It is better to purchase a ready-made, factory-made case. It is also necessary to pay attention to the size of the bearings for the shaft. It is important that the load that the entire mechanism as a whole can withstand will depend on what kind of oil was used for the walk-behind tractor gearbox.
2. Buck - the main purpose of this type of converter is to ensure normal operation of the entire mechanism when increased load. Especially useful for sandy surfaces where wheels can easily get stuck. It is worth noting that a reduction gearbox can be purchased or made by yourself. Assembly of a reduction gearbox is much easier than other types. When using this modification, the number of revolutions decreases. For example, this is very convenient when working with a heavy load or trailer.
3. Gear – designed for heavy and large equipment. Ideal for motors with a vertical walk-behind tractor shaft. The noise level during operation is low, and the efficiency is high, which sets it apart from other modifications. It should be noted that in order to maintain a normal level of performance, it is important to constantly add oil to the gearbox housing. Quite often, a gear converter is supplemented with a gearbox. This makes it easier to move the unit not only forward, but also in reverse. During reverse, the reverse rotation of the walk-behind tractor occurs, thanks to the control lever. Its main advantage is the guaranteed longer service life of the mechanism.
4. Worm - if the previous version was used to complete large-scale agricultural equipment, then this representative is for walk-behind tractors, cultivators and other mini-tractors. Guarantees stable operation of the device without unnecessary malfunctions and breakdowns. This modification, like the previous one, is equipped with reverse rotation for reverse gear. Performance increases due to the durability of the material from which the parts are made. Among the main advantages you need to pay attention to:
   • almost silent;
   • lightweight design – 2 main components;
   • fairly long service life of the unit;
   • soft move. These qualities are clearly visible when assembling a worm gear with your own hands.
5. Chain – the main functional role in this modification is played by a chain (sometimes 2 or more). The operating diagram of a walk-behind tractor with a chain gearbox is similar to the operating diagram of a belt drive in a clutch. The chain is also put on sprockets of different sizes, thanks to which torque is transmitted. This type of chain mechanism is famous for its reliability. The gear chain needs constant lubrication and checking its tension. If the chain breaks, it must be replaced with a new one. The device can also drive in reverse.
6. Combined is a combination of two types of gears. In one case it can be a worm and gear drive, in another – a cylindrical and worm gear. Depending on the number of gears, the gearbox can be, respectively, single-stage, two-stage, etc. The ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear to the driving gear in a single-stage modification is seven, in a two-stage version – up to forty, and in a three-stage version – up to one hundred and fifty. This mechanism is the most convenient among all of the above, because with its small size and low price it has excellent characteristics and capabilities.

DIY gearbox

Despite the abundance of technical devices, many craftsmen undertake to make a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor with their own hands. This process does not require the use of smart factory machines. It is enough to have a standard set of tools: an angle grinder, welding fixtures, drill and different sizes drills, screwdrivers, hammers. Among the parts for the converter itself, you should have shafts and bearings, sprockets with appropriately sized chains, gears and belts.

Preparation

The most important element in assembling a walk-behind tractor gearbox is preparation. Without preliminary calculations, determination of dimensions and the correct number of crankshaft revolutions, it will not be possible to successfully assemble the gearbox onto a walk-behind tractor.

Calculations are carried out in the following order:

• determining the engine crankshaft speed. This number cannot always be the same, since if you press the gas pedal, this number will undoubtedly increase. Therefore, to avoid errors and inaccuracies in further calculations, it is necessary to take the number of revolutions + 10%;
• the next stage is determining the number of revolutions of the suspension axis. We take the wheel size as a basis and use the formula to determine the amount of run-out per full revolution. Next, we design this for the normal speed of the walk-behind tractor - 3-5 km/h.

Assembly

If you have a strong desire, have the appropriate tools, and also have basic assembly and disassembly skills, you can assemble a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor of any modification. However, the lightest would be a chain gearbox. It is easy to assemble, reliable, and the materials for its manufacture are always available.

So, assembling a homemade gearbox for a walk-behind tractor occurs in the following way:

• the housing for the product can be an old gearbox, or you can weld it yourself metal plates between themselves. The housing is a critical component because it protects the gearbox from mechanical damage, ingress of dirt, dust and other objects;
• a sprocket must be secured to the output shaft of the motor;
• then we attach the driven shaft to the sprocket, as before we attached it to the output shaft;
• if the shaft is formed from 2 axle shafts and the driven sprocket is fixed in the middle, the design will be more reliable. Next, secure everything with bolts;
• make holes in the protective housing for fastening and connect it to the main structure. It also holds liquid lubricant inside the mechanism;
• Use sealing gaskets around the edges of the housing.

If all of the above steps are performed correctly, then the gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, made by yourself, will work no worse, or even better, than the factory analogue.

Change of oil

An important element of unit care is maintaining a normal amount of oil in the gearbox. If you lose sight of this point, the remaining old oil can seriously damage the parts. If you notice oil leaks on the outside of the housing, rest assured that this is insufficient sealing or a problem with the gaskets.

It is better to use high-quality transmission oil for a walk-behind tractor.

Attention! The frequency of oil changes depends on the model of the device, its modification, engine size and tank size.

Such data is usually described by manufacturers in the instructions for the mechanism.

General rules for changing oil:

• 25-50 hours from the start of operation of the mechanism - the first oil change;
• 100-250 hours from the start of operation or after 1-2 years of storage is the normal frequency of checking the oil.

Three decades ago, the question posed in the title of this article simply did not exist. The industry did not mass-produce walk-behind tractors in those years.

Collective farms did not need small-scale mechanization and cultivated the land with powerful wheeled and tracked equipment.

Few craftsmen adapted tractor starter engines onto homemade chassis, which aroused surprise and envy among non-mechanized summer residents.

Today has come the “golden age” of walk-behind tractors. These universal machines are actively used in peasant farmsteads and small farms, replacing two or three types of conventional equipment.

Anyone who has seen a walk-behind tractor in operation probably highly appreciated its capabilities and would not be averse to purchasing such a “humpbacked horse” for his site.

Before purchasing such a mechanism, you need to understand, which will give you the use of a walk-behind tractor, since it is often confused with a motor-cultivator. Compared to it, a walk-behind tractor can perform many more work operations.

In addition to cultivation and hilling, it can be used to plow the ground, use it for transporting goods, clearing snow and mowing grass. Harvesting potatoes and watering the garden are two more popular functions of this mechanism, which are available upon purchase. additional equipment.

Structurally, a walk-behind tractor differs from a cultivator in that that the traction force is created by the wheels. The motorized cultivator is “pulled” along the ground by a cutter mounted on the drive shaft. In addition, the walk-behind tractor differs from the cultivator in its more powerful engine (from 4 hp), and its solid weight (from 70 kg).

Some models of walk-behind tractors have a coupling device for towing a trailer and a power take-off shaft, which allows them to be mounted with attachments.

Types of walk-behind tractors

Classifying features that influence the choice of walk-behind tractor are their weight and motor power.

There are three types of these units– light, medium and heavy. The first two categories are designed for household use. The weight of such machines ranges from 50 to 100 kilograms, and the engine power does not exceed 8 hp. Many of them are equipped with a gearbox with two forward and one reverse speeds.

Heavy walk-behind tractors are designed for farming. They weigh more than 100 kilograms, have a gearbox and an engine with a power of more than 8 hp. Such machines can be retrofitted with attachments that significantly expand their capabilities.

Let us consider in more detail the process of selecting a walk-behind tractor, based on its operating conditions: soil type, cultivation area and number of functions.

Soil type

When answering the question of how to choose a walk-behind tractor, the first thing you need to pay attention to is the density of the soil that you have to cultivate. The heavier the earth, the more powerful and heavy the mechanism will be required. A walk-behind tractor weighing up to 70 kg will pull a hiller or plow only on light ground without slipping. For virgin lands and heavy soils his weight should start at 95 kg.

Talking about power plant walk-behind tractor, it should be noted that a diesel engine is better than a gasoline engine for cultivating heavy soil. It has a higher traction force, longer service life and low fuel consumption. The disadvantage of such a motor is that it is difficult to start at air temperatures below +2C.

Walk-behind tractors weighing less than 150 kg when working with a hiller, plow or potato digger must be equipped with lugs - metal wheels.

Processing area

This indicator affects the power of the selected mechanism and the width of its cultivation of the soil in one pass. If the area of ​​the plot does not exceed 15 acres, it is enough to buy a medium walk-behind tractor with an engine of 3.5 to 4 hp. and processing width up to 800 mm.

If the arable plot is from 15 to 40 acres, you will need a walk-behind tractor with an engine of at least 7 hp. and a tillage width of 900 mm.

To work on a large area (from 40 acres to 1 hectare) you will need a unit with a power of 9 hp or more. and working width up to 1000 mm.

Processing depth

In accordance with the requirements of agricultural technology, the optimal depth of soil cultivation with a walk-behind tractor should be in the range from 20 to 30 cm.

Additional functions

The list of additional equipment for equipping walk-behind tractors is quite wide, but you need to choose only those devices that you will most often need.

Without a power take-off shaft, the functions of the walk-behind tractor are reduced only to cultivating the soil and plowing the site. A rotary lawn mower, snow blower, motor pump, potato digger and other attachments can be connected to the power take-off shaft.

If there is a need to use a walk-behind tractor to transport goods, you need to choose a model equipped with a towbar and large pneumatic wheels (diameter of at least 45 cm).

It is better to clear the area of ​​snow buy a unit with a brand-name carburetor engine, since it starts better and operates stably at low temperatures. Not only a power take-off shaft, but also a regular pulley is equally suitable for driving a snow thrower.

The ability to adjust the height of the handles is a useful option that increases convenience when working. To transport cargo prerequisite is the ability to rotate the walk-behind tractor handles 180 degrees.

Engine, gearbox and clutch

The engine is the most expensive and critical component of a walk-behind tractor. Therefore, saving on it means doing repairs every season instead of productive work.

The highest quality and most economical motors for these units are produced by GreenField, Subaru, Honda, Forza and BRIGGS & STRATTON. Chinese Lifan power units, produced under license from Honda, have proven themselves well.

Almost all manufacturers of walk-behind tractors today equip their machines with engines from the listed companies. Therefore, there is no point in buying a “pure” Honda, which will cost several times more than the unit on which the Honda engine is installed.

Regarding the number of engine cycles, we can confidently say that four-stroke engines are preferable to two-stroke engines, both in terms of efficiency and reliability.

Walk-behind tractor clutch It can have a multi-disc or single-disc design, and is also implemented in the form of a belt drive. The first two types of clutch are more reliable, therefore they are used for installation on heavy machines.

Walk-behind tractor gearbox It has great value for its trouble-free operation, so you must definitely pay attention to it when choosing. Cheap units are equipped with non-removable gearboxes, which in case of breakdown have to be completely replaced.

A dismountable serviceable gearbox is more profitable in this regard, especially if it is made of cast iron rather than aluminum.

The best constructive options gearboxes are gear and gear-chain. The worm gearbox becomes very hot when operating at full load. This leads to the need to stop the walk-behind tractor every 20-30 minutes.

Manufacturers and estimated prices

Having gained an idea of technical parameters and the capabilities of these units, it is much easier to answer the question of which walk-behind tractor is better to buy. In this case, we can only compare prices in the selected class of these cars.

Today it is in demand among light walk-behind tractors Russian brand Firework.Users of this technology write in their reviews that the most best walk-behind tractor of this company is the one with a 4-stroke Japanese gasoline engine with a power of 5 hp, a gear reducer and a V-belt clutch. Its price starts from 31 thousand rubles.

Its competitor is the Neva MB 3S walk-behind tractor.(weight 70 kg) is equipped with a 5.7 hp Subaru engine. At a cost of 34 thousand rubles. This unit is optimal for working on personal plots and farm plots.

The cost of medium-sized walk-behind tractors from the French brand Caiman starts from 46 thousand rubles. This is the amount you will have to pay for a 6-horsepower unit with a Robin-Subaru engine. It is equipped with 2 forward and one reverse gears. Its maximum tillage depth is 32 cm with a working width of up to 90 cm.

Domestic medium-sized walk-behind tractors Neva, Cascade with the same performance characteristics and reliable American Briqqs & Stratton engines will cost a more modest amount - from 34 to 39 thousand rubles. The price tag for a Chinese gasoline Centaur (7 hp), capable of plowing the soil to a depth of 30 cm with a passage width of 100 cm, does not exceed 26 thousand rubles.

In the heavy category diesel walk-behind tractors In terms of price-quality ratio, Scout equipment is a confident middling. Walk-behind tractors with a rototiller from this manufacturer with a capacity of 8 liters. With. (such as 81 D) can be purchased from 59 thousand rubles, more powerful models (101 DE, 15 DE) will cost about 80-85 thousand rubles.

Scout 15 DE

You can get acquainted with the Scout brand line in Russia in more detail at official dealer- in the Gardenshop company.

You should also pay attention to the MTZ Belarus brand and the Chinese Zubr. These machines are equipped with Honda and Briqqs&Stratton diesel engines with a power of 9-10 hp, have a disc clutch and a gear reducer.

Four forward and two reverse speeds allow you not only to efficiently plow heavy soil, but also to transport loads on a trailed trolley. The price of such walk-behind tractors starts at 70 thousand rubles.

In reviews of heavy Zubr walk-behind tractors, one can find complaints about low quality workmanship, the need to tighten connections before use, and noise during operation. This unit is inferior to the MTZ brand, but at the same time is much cheaper than its Belarusian counterpart (the price of a 12 hp unit is in the range of 42-46 thousand rubles)

The pride of many summer residents is a homemade walk-behind tractor, assembled with their own hands from parts that have served their age. Installing an electric motor or a small gasoline motor from an old scooter or motorcycle onto a frame with wheels is not difficult even for a novice amateur mechanic. But what you have to think about is the gearbox for the walk-behind tractor.

Walk-behind tractor design

Assembly diagrams homemade walk-behind tractors They are as varied as the parts in each owner’s garage. Dimensions are also chosen for practical reasons.

At different composition and dimensions there are required elements:

But the first gearbox you come across may not be suitable. You need to choose the type of structure, calculate the size of each part so that the speed and power of movement mounted cultivator allowed to cultivate the land in a convenient mode - not quickly and not slowly.

Types of gear units

Transmission of rotational motion from the motor shaft to the shaft actuator can be done by direct connection of the axes, if the speed and power of rotation of the engine are acceptable for operation, and the axes of the drive and driven shafts coincide. Such cases are extremely rare, and with several attachments for various purposes direct transmission absolutely cannot be applied. To match the speed and power of the drive and driven shafts, 4 types of mechanisms and their combinations are used. Main types of gears:

• belt;
• chain;
• gear;
• worm

The worm gear is structurally limited by the speed-reducing function; the rest can be used in both downshifts and overdrives. In addition, such a gearbox always has a driven axis perpendicular to the drive shaft. This scheme is called an angular gearbox. Except worm gear, the direction of the axis can be changed using a spatial planetary mechanism. Belt and chain drives keep the driven axis parallel to the engine axis. In simple devices, reverse is possible only when the rotation of the engine changes.

Motoblocks use engines with a high number of revolutions per minute, which can be verified in the product data sheet. This means that you need to make a gearbox with your own hands to reduce the speed, and it is better to choose what type of homemade gearbox for a walk-behind tractor, knowing the characteristics of each type.

Belting

The pulley or belt that transmits rotation from shaft to shaft is familiar to every motorist who has looked under the hood of the engine compartment. The rotation speed reduction coefficient is determined by dividing the radius of the small driven wheel by the radius of the large driving wheel.

The advantages of belt gearboxes are ease of manufacture and repair, big variety details. And the disadvantages of the belt:

• belt stretching, decreased adhesion to the pulley due to temperature and wear;
• slippage during sudden increases in torque;
• short service life.

The shortcomings are compensated by using a spring-loaded roller that presses on the surface of the belt between the wheels, and by using a toothed belt on pulleys with transverse chamfers. Belt gearboxes require the drive and driven pulleys to be in the same plane; bending or twisting the belt will quickly lead to it breaking.

Chain type

The operating principle of a chain drive is similar to a belt drive, but sprockets are installed instead of pulleys, and the belt is replaced by a chain. Such a homemade gearbox will not allow slipping, and under similar conditions it will work much longer.

Just like a belt gearbox, a chain gearbox must have drive and driven sprockets in the same plane, and its gear ratio is calculated by the ratio of their teeth. The weight of this design is greater than that of a belt design, but it is safer to install it on powerful walk-behind tractors.

Unlike a belt drive, a chain drive requires caution or additional protective measures. If a rotating implement collides with a thick root in the soil, its drag force will be transferred to the motor, possibly damaging it. Until the engine fails or switches off, it will try to rotate with maximum power along with the frame around the driven axis of the gearbox. The greater the engine power, the stronger the tipping torque will be.

Gear ratio chain reducer may be higher than that of a belt of the same size, since the drive sprocket, even having small size, will not allow the chain to slip.

In terms of cost, ease of assembly, and prevalence of parts, a chain drive is not inferior to a belt drive.

Using gears

A walk-behind tractor with a gear reducer is more reliable, more durable than with a chain or belt. Gear structures are installed on factory products, and not only on walk-behind tractors. The units are small in size as a result of combining two gears with different diameters on one axis. For a walk-behind tractor, for example, a gearbox from an Ant scooter is perfect. But you can make your own using gears from motor vehicle gearboxes.

The required gear ratio can be provided by a planetary mechanism, in which satellite gears are installed between the outer and sun gears, mounted on a fixed ring - the carrier:

For a reduction gearbox, the sun gear is mounted on the drive shaft. The planetary gear carrier is mounted on a stationary housing, and the outer gear is connected to the actuator, rotating in the direction opposite to the sun gear.

The gear ratio of such a gearbox can be calculated as the ratio of the number of teeth on the sun gear to the number of teeth on the external gear.

To change the direction of the axis of rotation in gearboxes, a spatial planetary mechanism is used, in which the gears, in order to change the direction by 90 degrees, must be beveled to a cone of 45 degrees each. The diameter of the gears can be different, which can be used to change the gear ratio.

For a walk-behind tractor like this bevel gear they do it with their own hands infrequently, since planetary gears the right size I still have to look. Changing the axis of rotation is often done using ready-made factory gearboxes or a worm pair.

Worm-gear

To change the direction of the rotation axis perpendicularly and create a large gear ratio, contact of a flat gear with an Archimedean screw is used.

Transmission of rotation from the actuator to the motor is not possible. This unique feature worm gear, other types of gears do not have this property. The output rotation speed can be reduced by as many times as the number of teeth the gear has. This transmission is characterized by ease of assembly, high friction, small size, very popular.

In order to make a worm gearbox with your own hands, you need to select a gear with a number of teeth equal to the reduction in rotation speed in times, as well as with a pitch between the teeth equal to the pitch of the worm flange.

Reversing mechanism

The presence of a reversible transmission mechanism simplifies work in the fields, but an amateur can only do reverse at home with an electric motor. The difficulties lie in the inclusion of an additional transmission element in the circuit with the possibility of its precise movement and reliable fixation. To do this, you will need to break the existing connection with the engine, and insert a new element into the gap, be it another pulley with a belt, a sprocket with a chain, or a gear. Such restoration conversions require parts manufactured with the precision of professional machines.

In this case, it is more practical to install a factory reversible gearbox. For example, from a car with a manual transmission.

DIY gearbox assembly

The operation of walk-behind tractors, and with them gearboxes, means dust, off-road conditions, heat when plowing or cold when clearing snow, uneven loads. You can extend the life of the transmission mechanism by using a closed housing.

ST-40 steel is used for the base on which pulleys, gears, and other parts are mounted. The cover can be made from less durable steel if torque transmission elements are not attached to it.

The use of bearings for installing shafts, pulleys, sprockets, gears is mandatory, otherwise friction will dampen the rotational force, and the unit will either quickly fail or not work immediately.

Any rotating mechanism requires lubrication. Worm gear especially. Frequent replacement of lubricant will help extend the life of the device, for which the gearbox cover must be openable.

Gasoline and diesel engines have fuel supply adjustment and engine rotation speed. It is optimal to move the so-called gas handle to the handle of the walk-behind tractor.

When all the necessary parts have been found, plumbing tools will be required to assemble the walk-behind tractor. Can't do without welding machine, grinders, drills, metal drills.

The time spent on making a walk-behind tractor will pay for itself completely in the first summer season.

The most important part of the walk-behind tractor is the drive. It is the main one of all the elements presented in the walk-behind tractor. Therefore, when there is a need to purchase a gearbox, all its further operation, and even the functionality of the walk-behind tractor, depends on the quality.

A gearbox for a walk-behind tractor is a certain type of device capable of transmitting and appropriately converting torque, for which mechanical transmissions are conductors. Accordingly, agricultural machinery will work more productively.

How to make a gearbox for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands

Gearboxes of two types, which are called: worm gearboxes, as well as chain gearboxes, have several small, but quite important differences. They are contained in the characteristics that are inherent in the two types, but gearboxes operate with different factors: efficiency, angular speed, number of gears, as well as shafts, ratio between gears.

Gearboxes for walk-behind tractors, what are they?

When you have walk-behind tractors that are relatively cheap, they are often equipped with simplified assembly gearboxes that are not dismountable.

In this case, the service life is significantly reduced. Any additional features, including: repair, and accordingly assembly, replacement of parts, or disassembly, to check the condition of the unit.

This means that the material from which the gearbox itself is made is of very low quality. Most of the parts presented in the assembly will not be sleeved. The gearbox diagram will allow you to present not only the principle of its operation, but also determine its service life.

Expensive walk-behind tractors have gearboxes with a more complex structure and the possibility of further assembly and disassembly. Maintenance can be carried out by correcting all problems in the operation of the gearbox. Repairs must be carried out in order to extend the service life of the unit. It is important to replace faulty parts with other, more expensive elements. Lubricating the gearbox also extends its service life.

In most cases, the gearbox serves as a speed converter. That is, the angular velocity quickly and qualitatively goes to low. The input shaft will show a high angular velocity, but the output shaft will already be low.

Unforeseen breakdowns are prevented by constant and high-quality maintenance. With a stepwise variation in speed, the gearbox is called a conventional gearbox. In the case when it does not work according to a step system, it is called a variator.

Homemade bevel gear for walk-behind tractor

In principle, the gearbox does not have a very intricate structure; it is quite possible to assemble it yourself. First, make the correct calculation in rated power (Pn);Pn=Pe(hp)xFS. This will allow you to make a choice in favor correct angle, which needs to be determined for the bevel gear. According to this principle, not only the number of possible revolutions in one minute will be calculated, but also the torque will be calculated.

A self-made gearbox needs to determine its operating conditions. Among them there is radial load, or axial load, which is present on the shafts at their ends. Its operation will be optimal if the temperature and type of lubricant are selected correctly.

After completing all the above steps, you can proceed to assembly. You can choose a factory case. The diameter of the housing will tell you what kind of housing the bearings for the shaft will have. A caliper and a good quality drill will help. Next, we take two bearings under the shaft itself.

It is important to install a steel flange on the front of the gearbox. Accordingly, inside: a bearing, necessarily flanged, and a washer. The flange is attached to the generator itself using screws. The steel key, together with the drive gear and driven gear shaft, must be selected in advance. All nodes connecting to the mechanism, which is a transmission, are connected to the rotary generator. It has a pulley that provides V-belt transmission. It should be secured to the driven shaft using a nut with a spring washer.

Angular gearbox for walk-behind tractor

In the automotive industry, bevel gears are often used. Effective operation is achieved by installing such a unit.

This type of gearbox is needed to ensure coupling of the transmission with the engine itself. You can take a ready-made gearbox and simply modify it.

Basic design elements of an angular gearbox

The gearbox has several main elements, including: a flange, a housing from the generator itself, a pulley with a V-belt transmission, a steel washer, a pulley mount, a steel key, a rotor shaft, a flange mount, a flange bearing and others.

Walk-behind tractors with a gear reducer and a reduction gearbox for a walk-behind tractor

Motoblocks with modern characteristics, are quite acceptable for installing a gearbox with reduction characteristics. After all, they are equipped with special air cooling.

Even heavy soil when plowing potatoes is not dangerous for a machine with such a unit. You can provide quick wheel slip and other additional features.

Motoblocks with gear reducer

A gear reducer is quite simple to understand if you look at its transmission. It is a transmitter between the wheels and the engine. The direction in the walk-behind tractor changes.

The gearbox, together with the clutch, is called the transmission. IN heavy walk-behind tractors it is often used.

Walk-behind tractor and reverse gearbox for it

The clutch is located strictly between bevel gears, freely located on the main shaft. This is how the reversing circuit in the gearbox is presented, which, if you look at it, is not too complicated.

It only clings to the splines in the gears. This is what allows her to change the direction of the spiral-shaped gear. The cam, or fork, is represented by the clutch itself.