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Morphology

Female 0.4 mm in size. The body is broadly oval, convex above, flattened below. The color of the integument ranges from light to cherry red. There are black spots on the sides. The dorsal spines are needle-shaped, set on high tubercles white. The caudals are much shorter than the external sacrals, the latter being about a third smaller than the internal sacrals. Peritremes are straight and short. The end chamber of the peritreme is flask-shaped. The club on the tarsus of the tentacles is wide at the apex.

Male 0.3 mm in size. The body is elongated, tapering towards the posterior end, slightly convex on the upper and lower sides. The color of the integument is brownish or orange-red.

Egg red or orange. Diameter - 0.14-0.15 mm. The shape is spherical, slightly flattened towards the poles. The outer shell has thin radial ribbing and a thin stalk at the top.

Development

Mating period. The female lays eggs on the bark of shoots, in the forks of branches or at the base of fruitlets already 2-4 days after hatching. 1-2 are deposited per day, less often 3-4. The total fecundity is 60-90 pieces, the maximum is 150. Winter egg laying lasts 2-3 months and ends only in late autumn when the temperature drops to 8-9°C. When the numbers are large, the winter ones are arranged in two or three layers, and the bark becomes pink tint.

Egg. At a temperature of +15°C, the embryo develops for 15 days, at +21°C - 5 days. , laid in the fall, overwinter.

Features of development. During the season, the red fruit mite produces in the northern regions ( Leningrad region) 3-4 generations, in Ukraine 5-6, and in Bulgaria 7-9 generations. Full cycle development is completed at the sum of effective temperatures of 210°, the lower threshold is +8°C. The mobile stages of the pest enter during daylight hours from 14 hours in the south to 17 hours in the north. The transition to diapause is caused by a deterioration in nutritional conditions, a decrease in temperature and a gradual reduction in the duration of daylight hours at the end of the growing season. Frosts lead to the death of all mobile stages.

Morphologically related species

By appearance(morphology) the red citrus mite is close to the described species ( Panonychus citri). It differs from the described species in that its caudals are equal (or almost equal) to the external sacral ones and three times shorter than the internal sacral ones. The club on the tarsus of the female's tentacles gradually widens towards the apex.

Geographical distribution

Maliciousness

Pesticides

Chemical pesticides:

Spraying during the growing season:

Red fruit mite. Characteristics of the pest

Red fruit mite poses a threat to most fruit crops. Can inhabit many forest species. The most favorable conditions for it are the forest-steppe zone and regions with high humidity. Minimal harm, the tick brings in the southern regions, where the amount of precipitation is less than five hundred millimeters per year. The body of the female is oval-shaped, half a millimeter long, cherry-red in color with dark spots. The needle-shaped dorsal setae are located on white tubercles. The male is smaller than the female - its length is 0.3 millimeters. The brownish-red body is elongated and tapers towards the posterior end. Eggs overwinter on the bark of branches, in their forks. Painted red, they are visible in large numbers to the naked eye. During the flowering of the apple tree, red larvae appear. They accumulate and feed on young leaves. Adults emerge after two to three weeks. After two to four days, females begin laying eggs. They lay sixty to eighty eggs. The egg-laying period is extended. After the leaves fall and frost sets in, all mobile stages of development die. During the growing season, the pest develops in four to five generations. Ticks suck the juice from the leaves and settle on them. In damaged leaves, the process of photosynthesis is disrupted, the water balance is disturbed, the amount of chlorophyll is reduced, and the plant weakens. On trees heavily infested with mites, the fruits do not develop fully. Ticks are dangerous during all periods of tree development - both during the growth period and during the period of crop formation.

Fighting red fruit mite

Before buds open, in case of severe damage, trees must be sprayed with nitrophen and oleocuprite. During the ripening period of apple tree buds, it is necessary to spray with acaricides, acartan, antio, zolon, metaphos, colloidal sulfur and others. The use of the same drugs induces immunity in ticks, so it is necessary to alternate them. If necessary, repeat spraying should be carried out, but no later than thirty days before harvest. Collecting and destroying fallen leaves and digging up soil near trees helps reduce the tick population.

Panonychus ulmi Koch - Red fruit mite.

Systematic position.

Class Arachnida, order Acariformes, superfamily Tetranychoidea, family Tetranychidae, genus Panonychus Yokoyama.

Synonyms.

Tetranychus ulmi Koch, Paratetranychus ulmi Koch, Metatetranychus ulmi Koch, Tetranychus pilosus Canestrini et Fanzago, Tetranychus mytilaspidis Ewing.

Biological group.

It mainly harms apple, pear, and plum trees, and to a lesser extent peach, cherry, cherry plum, and almonds.

Morphology and biology.

During their development, ticks go through the stages of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. The transition between postembryonic stages occurs through a resting and molting phase. The female is broadly oval, convex above, flattened below. The body is light or cherry red with black spots on the sides. Propodosome without frontal projections. The mouthparts are piercing-sucking type. Body length 0.4 mm, width - 0.26 mm. On the dorsal side of the body there are 26 long and thin setae in 7 transverse rows on high white tubercles. The male's body is brownish or yellowish-green, slightly convex on the ventral and dorsal side and narrowed posteriorly. Body length 0.3 mm, width - 0.15 mm. There are 28 setae on its dorsal side. The egg is orange-red or yellowish orange color, somewhat flattened at the poles, with a protruding stalk, its surface is radially striated. Egg diameter is 0.15-0.16 mm. The larva is first round, later oval in shape, with 3 pairs of legs. Color ranges from orange to yellowish or greenish-brown. Body length 0.17 mm, width 0.11 mm. The protonymph and deutonymph are broadly oval in shape, light or brownish-red in color, with 4 pairs of legs. The body length of the protonymph is 0.2 mm, width - 0.14 mm; length of deutonymph 0.27-0.34 mm, width - 0.15-0.21 mm. Arrhenotokic type of parthenogenesis. Males hatch about a day earlier than females. In her entire life, the female mates only once, usually immediately after hatching, and after 2-4 days she begins to lay eggs. The average fecundity of a female is about 19 eggs, the maximum is up to 70.

Spreading.

Widely distributed in North America, Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, in North India and Japan. Harmful in England, Portugal, France, northern Italy, Switzerland, Holland, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria. In the southern hemisphere it is found in Tasmania and New Zealand. B b. USSR is found in the Baltic republics, in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, in the European part of Russia, in the southeast Western Siberia, in Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories, in the Caucasus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.

Ecology.

Mesophilic species. Most typical for the deciduous forest zone. Typically found in areas with rainfall greater than 500 mm per year. Polyphage: prefers Rosaceae, but is also found on grapes, currants, buckthorn, white acacia, mulberry, linden, elm. Overwinters at the egg stage. Overwintering eggs are laid on the rough bark on the underside of branches; on heavily infected plants they sometimes lie in 2-3 layers. Easy to carry low temperatures. For the normal completion of winter diapause of eggs, a period of about 150 days is required with an average daily temperature of no more than 6°C. The hatching of the larvae coincides with the plum blossom and stage rose bud at the apple tree. The lower temperature threshold for the development of P. ulmi is about 8°C, and the sum of effective temperatures required for the development of one generation without additional nutrition is 210°. IN different parts The tick produces up to 3-10 generations within its range. The duration of development from egg to adult, including the period of additional nutrition, is 28-33 days. Predators of the red fruit mite include Anthocoris nemorum L., Blepharidopterus angulatus Fall., Stethorus punctillum Ws., Chrysopa carnea Steph., Amblyseius subsolidus Begl., Paraseiulus incognitus Wain. et Arut.

Economic importance.

Settling on the underside of the leaf, mites pierce the epidermis with chelicerae and suck out the contents of the cells. Damaged areas turn brownish, leaves wither and fall off. Plant growth slows down, and the formation of next year's flower buds weakens. Losses of up to 65% of the apple harvest are possible. Late-ripening varieties of apple trees are most damaged. Plowing between rows in the garden favors the growth of the pest population. Reducing the number of ticks is facilitated by growing resistant varieties of apple trees and whitewashing tree trunks. In the spring, before the buds open, when there is a large number of overwintering eggs, the gardens are treated with ovicides, and during the period of bud break, acaricides are used.

27.12.2015

What is a red tick

A small bug with an oval-shaped body has dimensions from 0.4 to 1 mm. Sometimes, however, there are adult individuals whose body sizes reach 2 mm (here it all depends on the appetite of the tick). Red spider mites have spread throughout the world, and only in Antarctica can you not find them, since the temperature there is very low and they do not find food there.

It is quite difficult to destroy this pest, but, as they say, nothing is impossible. The optimal time to combat red ticks is autumn. At this time of year, insect pests increase in size, acquiring a rich orange color. But regardless of what time of year was chosen to combat plant pests, a variety of organic products are quite suitable for this purpose. But first of all, insects should be detected. The photo presented above will help you quickly recognize this pest, but in addition, we note that the red mite is not particularly knowledgeable about the sap of which plants it feeds on. And therefore these insects settle not only among garden plants, but also on indoor flowers.

About what the flower mite is on indoor plants nevertheless appeared, as evidenced by the following signs:

Before we talk about how to get rid of red mites, it is worth describing the damage this insect causes to garden and indoor vegetation.

Basically it comes down to the following criteria:

When thinking about how dangerous a tick is to humans, you shouldn’t trust rumors. They probably came from the fact that these insects are often confused with the red spider, which lives under the leaves of plants and actually leaves marks on human skin. Red mites do practically no harm to people, except perhaps in cases where crushing an insect with bare hands leads to skin pigmentation. Red tint spider mites characterized by its resistance to washing off with water. Even with the use of soap, it is not possible to remove it immediately.

Experts say that much more harm can be caused not by the red mite itself, but by those insecticidal and acaricidal preparations that are used in huge quantities to destroy them. They are the ones who provoke development allergic reactions on human skin.

How to prevent it from appearing

If the red mite does appear in plants, then its removal can be carried out in three ways:

First way. Through the use of home remedies and improvised means. Of course, you should first remove damaged leaves from flowers and plants. If one of the plants in the garden is heavily infected, then it is better to get rid of it so as not to risk the rest of the garden vegetation:

Among chemicals a lot has actually been developed against red mites good funds. For example.

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30.05.2017

VR name from time to time personal plots There is such an unpleasant phenomenon as an invasion of fruit mites. These dangerous pests gardens attack primarily apple and pear trees.

In total, the number of tick species in the world is about fifty thousand species.

Popular among fruit pests are the red apple mite and the spider or common mite. In addition, pears are often affected by the so-called gall pear mite, and in Lately a variety of this insect known as the Schlechtendahl mite is widespread.

Ticks are dangerous because they have a piercing-sucking mouthpart, which allows the insect to pull juices from the leaves of fruit trees, after which they wither and fall, and the fruits on the affected branches gradually become smaller and wrinkled.

If the garden is heavily infested, fruit yield losses can reach thirty (!) percent.

Description of fruit mites

Fruit mites They lead a not very active lifestyle and can survive even in the most extreme conditions, since evolution has provided them with high adaptability in any climatic zone.

Fruit mites are very small insects (their length is only half a millimeter). The adult has a rounded, flat body with four pairs of legs.

With the onset of spring warmth, ticks leave their wintering places en masse (insects spend the winter most often in cracks and recesses in trees at the base of the trunk, either hiding in the bark, or under carrion, or in last year’s leaves and weeds), and begin to make their way up the trunks to blossoming fruit buds. After waiting for the first leaves to appear, the mites crawl to their back side, where they lay eggs, often entangling them with small cobwebs. During strong gusts Wind ticks can fly from one tree to another.

On average, the female lays about sixty eggs. This is not much, if you do not take into account the fact that one female tick is capable of summer season reproduce up to ten (!) generations of pests.

After some time, small larvae appear from the eggs, which begin to actively suck the juice from the leaves, causing them to wither, turn brown, and soon fall off.

Red apple mite

Red fruit or apple mite ( lat. Panonychus ultni Koch) is the most common harmful insect in the mite family, and can damage apple, pear, plum, cherry, apricot, peach, rowan, sloe and even rose bushes.

You can determine the presence of a mite on a tree by numerous light spots and dots in those places where the mite has passed through the plant. The leaves in such a place turn gray with a reddish tint, and appear as if crushed by road dust.

The red apple mite is oval in shape and, as its name suggests, is bright red, cherry or brown in color. Males are somewhat smaller than females and have more slender body contours.

The mouthparts of the fruit mite, as mentioned above, are of the piercing-sucking type, therefore, this insect, despite its small size, causes great damage to garden trees.

The red apple mite overwinters in the egg stage (bright red or orange), which are found in cracks in the bark, on the forks of branches, at the base of annual growths, in the recesses of twigs and branches. The larvae appear with the first warm weather (usually in April-May), as soon as the buds begin to bloom on the fruit trees (usually coinciding with the separation of buds in the Antonovka variety apple tree) and ends immediately with flowering.

The larvae are red in color and have three pairs of legs. As they mature, they lighten and become yellowish-brown. At first they feed on the juice of buds and flower buds, and then completely switch to leaves (living and feeding on their undersides). With age, the matured and strengthened tick larvae no longer disdain either the fruits of the tree or its juicy young shoots.

Already at the end of May, adult females of the first generation appear and are capable of reproducing offspring.

In one season, a female apple mite produces approximately four to five, and under favorable conditions, up to eight generations of pests, laying approximately forty to ninety eggs. Moreover, the female apple mite, unlike its counterparts, does not form a web. Her eggs are spherical in shape and a rich, bright red color.

First the pest colonizes inner part the crown of the tree, and then, as the food supply is destroyed, it rises higher and higher up the trunk.

If there are many clutches on a tree, they are arranged in two or even three layers, so the plant may appear red or pinkish from a distance.

When a tree is heavily infested, the total mass per unit surface area of ​​its leaves decreases sharply, which can lead to a loss of approximately forty percent (!) of chlorophyll.

The pest begins laying eggs for wintering approximately in the second half of summer and continues until late autumn, until the temperature drops to nine degrees Celsius.

A female apple mite lays one or two, and sometimes three or four eggs per day.

Methods for controlling ticks

To prevent the appearance of pests, it is necessary to remove from under tree trunk circles all fallen leaves, clean the old bark with a metal brush in those places where it peels, comes off and peels, remove and burn all the old branches. These simple procedures will help destroy the future wintering sites of a new generation of ticks.

As practice shows, a large number of insects fall into, so they must be treated with boiling water in a timely manner to destroy the insects.

It must be remembered that hot and dry summers are most suitable for the reproduction of pests, but coolness and moisture, on the contrary, have a negative effect on ticks.

To discover it dangerous insect, you need to carefully observe the color of the leaves on fruit trees and as soon as yellow spots and dots appear on them, this will be a signal that there may be ticks in the garden. To fully verify the availability harmful insects, it is better to arm yourself with a magnifying glass, since the size of the insect is very small.

Ticks reproduce quite quickly and under favorable conditions, from the formation of a clutch to the formation of an adult individual it can take no more than one week.

If there are only a few ticks, you can try to overcome them with folk remedies.

Traditional methods tick control

In the event that there is no desire to fight ticks using harmful pesticides, and there are not very many insects in the garden, you can use the folk way by creating a strong tobacco infusion, which is used to treat the trees. To do this you will need one kilogram of tobacco dust, but you can also use ordinary shag. The tobacco must be diluted in ten liters of water, then strain the solution and let it brew.

Then the volume of the infusion must be increased to twenty liters and a piece must be added inside laundry soap(about 50 grams to ensure the solution sticks) and you can go treat the trees. For greater efficiency, it is advisable to repeat the spraying procedure after about a week.

To combat pests, you can also use chamomile infusion. For this purpose, one kilogram of dried wildflowers is poured into a bucket of water and allowed to brew for ten hours, after which the solution must be filtered and can be used. After seven days, it is advisable to repeat the treatment of the trees.

If there is a massive and rapid reproduction mites, putting the fruit harvest at risk, insecticides will have to be applied.

Chemical methods tick control

It is necessary to spray trees in the garden with insecticides twice: immediately after the ovary appears and a month before the actual harvest.

In spring and summer time It is useful to spray with ether sulfonate (at the rate of three grams of product per liter of water) or colloidal sulfur (ten grams of sulfur per liter of water).

It must be remembered that during mass reproduction of ticks, it is necessary to exclude the treatment of the garden with pyrethroid preparations used against the codling moth.

To combat ticks, it is best to use preparations based on insectoacaricides, such as Danadim, Fufanon, Fitoverm, and in case of mass reproduction of tick colonies, when fruit trees is at risk of infection, use specific acaricides, such as Apollo, Demitan, Neoron, Nissoran and others.