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There are a huge number of options for installing stairs in country houses. Not only the attractiveness of the premises, but also the safety of the residents depends on their competent design.

Below are the varieties in detail. modern stairs, their standards and rules for drawing up an individual project.

Features and safety requirements

Staircases for a private home can be marching, spiral or combined. Design options are selected based on the layout of the rooms, the total area of ​​the apartment and the ceiling height in the cottage.

Before installation, you must familiarize yourself with the design features of each type:

1. Marching staircase. The design is easy to install and has a long service life. A flight of stairs consists of several flights. A march is a rectangular fragment with steps attached to it. The number of steps in each such fragment should not be more than twenty.
2. Spiral staircase. The design includes a support rod to which steps are attached in a spiral. Modern options do not exceed one meter in width. This design allows you to place a spiral staircase in small spaces.
3. Combined staircase. The building combines both of these options. The structure is built according to a unique design.

Before purchasing one or another option, you must familiarize yourself with the size requirements specified in regulatory documents RF.

The depth, width of the flight and height of the steps are selected based on the layout of the room. At the first stages of drawing up an individual drawing, it is necessary to take into account the height between the floor and the ceiling of the first floor. It is important to record the placement of walls and doorways . The specific layout of the room and its area also play a leading role in the selection of the model.

The height between the steps of the stairs must be the same along the entire length of the structure. A change in this indicator may negatively affect comfort during descents and ascents. The dimensions of the landing should be similar to the width of the steps. The length of each fragment should not vary from one and a half to those meters.

From total number The steps depend on the size of each individual part. The length of the span also dictates the width of the object. Linear size structure is determined by its throughput. For each person, the width of the stairs should reach 0.7 meters.

Comfortable ascent and descent of stairs depends on the height of the step. This indicator should fall in the range from 12 to 20 centimeters. The average depth of the step should reach 28–30 centimeters.

Each indicator requires individual calculation based on the dimensions of the room. Internal walls and doorways are preliminarily measured. The total number of residents of the house and the frequency of use of this staircase are taken into account. The dimensions of the structure are largely determined by functional area in which the system will be installed.

The angle of inclination of each step should ensure unhindered human movement. The final value of the angle is determined from the ratio of the height of the flight and the width of the step.

As the slope increases, the dimensions of the stairs decrease. This design can take a lot less space than a similar design, but with a smaller angle of inclination. A slope greater than forty degrees can make stairs a challenge for some family members.. An inclination angle of less than twenty-three degrees allows the steps to be replaced with a ramp.

Before installing the stairs, you must also calculate the dimensions of the railing. It is customary to determine the height of the handrail above the level of the step, its length and width. Count and record the number of support posts. Recommended railing width – 100 millimeters. This size is optimal for use by an adult resident.

Comfortable handrail height – 900 mm. The height of the baluster in this case reaches 800 millimeters. It is important to first familiarize yourself with the methods of attaching the handrail. If balusters are installed in special grooves, then the design height of the railing should be increased. TO design value the height of the baluster, it is necessary to add the depth of the groove.

The height of the support column depends on the method of its installation. The length of the structure installed on the tread corresponds to the dimensions of the baluster. The railings must completely cover the length of the flight of stairs. Some craftsmen choose handrails slightly larger than the spans. The crossbars can be of any complex configuration - creating a complex design device.

Types and main design elements

The main types of staircase designs for private houses were listed earlier. The most popular option today remains the marching model. The steps of this object are located evenly and are combined into straight flights. Long spans require a large area in the room. The main advantage of a flight of stairs is the ease of descending and ascending them.

Each flight of stairs has no more than fifteen steps. Their minimum value for one flight is 3. A standard staircase has 8–11 steps, between which platforms are mounted. Its dimensions are multiples of the average step. Failure to comply with these standards leads to a violation of comfort when using the stairs.

Marching systems can be open or closed. In the second type of staircase, the steps are installed on risers. If there is not enough space for the location of the stairs, then the craftsmen advise using open option. The parts are fixed on stringers and bowstrings. Mounting elements are made from boards with a thickness of 45 to 70 millimeters.

Stairs with more than 9 steps must be separated by a landing. This will provide the structure with the necessary stability.

If one span is offset relative to the second, forming a turn, then the craftsmen call the structure a turning one. Instead of a platform, steps can be arranged at the turning point. They are called runaways.

Depending on the number of displacements, models are divided into four-turn, half-turn and circular. Rotation angle of the first type – 90 degrees. Such unusual options arranged on the border of two walls perpendicular to each other. Half-turn deviate from the horizontal by 180 degrees. Circular staircases are the most original among the listed options. The marches of such a system consistently rotate 360 ​​degrees. A semicircular staircase requires less space compared to its four-turn counterpart.

Stairs on rails - original options for a bold design solution. In German, "Bolzen" means bolt. Each step of this design is fixed with a long pin with threads at the ends. A bolt connects the step and the railing and attaches them to the wall. The design on the bolts looks lightweight. It can be freed from the risers. This type of fastening allows the ladder to be stretched in one area and compressed in another. The system looks fragile, but is reliable and durable. Loaches can withstand several hundred kilograms. Every year such designs become more and more popular.

It is not customary to calculate the stairs on the rails yourself. It is much easier and more profitable to purchase ready-made kits. During installation, it is important to understand that the entire load falls on the wall. The base material must be durable. Fastening the ladder is difficult to do on your own - it is better to seek help from professionals. Before purchasing, you need to evaluate the capabilities of load-bearing walls.

Spiral staircase takes up less space than any other model. This option is perfect for installation in small spaces. The model can be either high or low. Thanks to its unusual shape, it can be made the center of the composition. This design should not be tied to the wall, therefore can be located anywhere in the room.

The standard design of a spiral staircase is a rack with wedge-shaped steps. The stand performs load-bearing function, so it is made of metal or durable wood. Its base is fixed on the floor of the first floor, and also fixed in the interfloor ceiling. On the narrow side, steps are attached to the brackets. Pillars and railings are installed on the steps along the wide side. The shape of the railing follows the contour of the span.

The disadvantage of this model is the difficulty of lifting, lowering and moving the load along the steps. It will be difficult to move a piece of furniture that is too massive down such a staircase. Opening interfloor covering for such a system should be large.

Reducing the opening leads to a narrowing of the staircase and an increase in its steepness. The angle of rotation of such a structure is inversely proportional to the comfort of moving along it.

It’s easy to design a spiral staircase yourself. To do this, you need to measure the area in the room where the stairs will be located. The center of the opening is where the rack is installed. Next, measurements are taken from the rack to the far edge of the future steps. The resulting dimension is the width of the flight of stairs. It is equal to the length of the step. The middle of the step must be at least 200 millimeters, and its widened part can vary from 400 to 420 millimeters.

Such a structure can be assembled independently. The ability to work with wood and knowledge of the algorithm for calculating loads is important. In the absence of these skills, the work should be entrusted to masters. Errors in calculations and installation technology can lead to serious consequences.

Popular materials

Stairs for a country house are made of wood, metal and reinforced concrete. Materials must withstand a load of 150 kg. Some ladders must withstand increased load at 250 kilograms.

The most accessible material on modern market- tree. This material is perfect for those who want to assemble a staircase with their own hands. Wood is easy to work with, so beautiful, unique designs are most often made from it. Wood has the lowest price coniferous species . But such material shrinks over time: the steps begin to wobble and the coating begins to creak.

The advantage of a wooden staircase is that it is practically not connected to the walls. This allows you to repair and dismantle the structure without interfering with the structure of the room. In this case, there is no need to carry out major repairs.

Products from hardwood high density can last from 100 to 300 years. Such wood is carefully dried and treated against pests, which significantly increases the price of the material. The cost of long deciduous lumber is several times higher than that of coniferous wood.

Deciduous wood is susceptible to fungus. At self-production such material, it must be impregnated with a pest repellent composition.

Experts advise choosing stairs from coniferous trees in some cases:

1. Stairs to the attic. Advantage should be given to folding and retractable structures. The climatic conditions of the attic increase the service life of softwood. Such stairs can last up to 100 years.
2. Stairs to the attic or one and a half floor. The lower temperatures of these rooms increase the service life of the wood.
3. Mezzanine. This structure can be treated with an emulsion with polymers. Subsequent painting or varnishing will protect the wood from drying out. Stairs to the mezzanine are produced in small sizes, so replacing them in case of destruction is not very difficult.

Modern design technologies make it possible to print templates for future wooden structures. Creating such patterns does not take much time. The configuration and shape of the parts can be quite unusual. You can take a ready-made project or develop your own. The price for such solutions is affordable. Such programs help save time and design best option for small rooms.

It is important to understand that design requirements in the program - average indicators according to SNiP or DIN. The program uses the same parameters for all projects to create a structure.

When creating your own project, experts recommend making a verification calculation under the guidance of a specialist.

Among the advantages of wooden structures are the following:

• Plastic. Thanks to this quality of wood, any decorative detail can be cut from the material. Wood products are distinguished by their versatility and complexity of design.
• Light weight. Wood structures are easy to install and do not require complex fastenings.
• Environmental friendliness. Wooden stairs are suitable for connoisseurs natural materials.

Another common material for making stairs is metal. Most often this material is combined with others. Metal is suitable for creating a structure frame. The decorative finish of the metal skeleton can be any: wood or polymers.

Combined design - steel frame with wooden steps. The cost of such a staircase is 65 percent more than that of a monolithic wooden one. The metal skeleton is able to withstand heavy loads over a long service life. Wooden panels can be detached and replaced if necessary. The system does not require major repairs.

Monolithic metal constructions rarely used in everyday life. They do not have an aesthetic appearance, but they can be decorated with linoleum, corrugated rubber or carpeting. Steel structure fixed on floor slabs with anchor bolts.

Surface metal steps must be completely or partially covered with corrugated material so that the coating is not slippery.

Concrete and reinforced concrete stairs - a distinctive feature of standard mass construction. The structure is cast and delivered to the site in finished form. The staircase is installed simultaneously with the remaining elements of the prefabricated structure.

In country houses, two types of stairs are erected: monolithic concrete and combined with metal. In the second case, a steel frame is pre-assembled, which is subsequently filled with concrete. Reinforcement is placed in the steps. The construction process of such a structure is quite labor-intensive than that of a steel system.

The concrete mass for casting the stairs must be resistant to bending. The solution cannot be mixed with a hand mixer - you must use a concrete mixer. Only this technique will allow you to obtain a homogeneous composition in a short time.

The concrete composition includes one part of cement with a strength of 400, two parts of fine sand, two parts of marble chips, 0.7 parts of water and a plasticizer - 0.01 parts.

The advantage of the composition is increased plasticity and the ability to withstand a variety of finishes. Concrete does not work well in tension, so To prevent the appearance of fatigue cracks in the coating, it is necessary to lay reinforcement.

IN modern interiors you can find glass stairs. This material is fragile, therefore it is unconventional in construction. The strength coefficient of a glass structure is increased using triplex technology: layer-by-layer gluing of glass layers. The resulting material is additionally processed with polymers, which significantly increases the strength of the product.

Additional reinforcement is produced when installing a reinforcing layer. A step made of impact-resistant glass can weigh about fifteen kilograms. The cost of such a design is also not small. In addition to the costs of Consumables, the cost of processing the material must be included in the check.

Staircase made of natural stone materials, as a rule, massive. The stone is wear-resistant and has a long service life. Such a staircase can only be installed in spacious apartments. The steps are made from stone. Railings, balusters and decorative elements created from wood and metal.

To reduce the cost of such a structure, elements that are not load-bearing are replaced with artificial materials.

Styles

The staircase structure is installed at the very end of the renovation. This object is quite large, so it requires additional decoration. The staircase is an additional structural element of the room. The design of the staircase depends on the stylistic decision of the room in which the structure is located. Style defines the shape, appearance and design of an object.

Historical styles have not lost their relevance today. The main goal of this design is to create an image of a certain era through cladding materials and furniture. Each historical style has traditional materials: stone, metal and wood. Important simple shapes. Among the historical styles in the interior of a country house, the following can be distinguished: interesting options:

Roman style

The staircase is spiral or L-shaped. The structure is made of durable wood and painted in warm shades. Traditional colors are light. The crossbars are streamlined, mostly made of dark wood. Less commonly, metal is used to create handrails. Balusters are decorated with carvings. The staircase is decorated with a carpet with appropriate patterns.

Gothic

A black spiral staircase of a bizarre shape is the highlight of this design direction. The materials chosen are metal, stone and natural wood. The steps are not covered with anything. The railings are decorated with voluminous floral patterns.

Renaissance

Classic staircases in this style are designs with a platform and large handrails made of solid wood. The crossbars are decorated with a symmetrical pattern.

Any staircase in the Renaissance style is usually decorated with a carpet.

Baroque

Baroque structures are made only from wood. Railings and balusters are decorated by hand. This style suits wealthy residents.

Classicism

The staircase has only one flight; winder steps are mounted on both sides. The structure is made of stone or wood. Classic style does not require excessive decoration of balusters.

Modern

Country

Japanese

Modern styles differ from historical ones in their brevity. Modern materials are widely used: steel, glass.

The construction of such stairs is simple, and the cost of construction is affordable. Among the modern trends, the most striking are:

Constructivism

A staircase with a platform made of stone or concrete is decorated with wood. The shape of the structure is strict, mostly square. The railings follow the clear shapes of the steps, and the balusters are not decorated.

High tech

High technology style requires maximum space saving. Preference is given to a modular staircase with bolt fastening. The railings are simple. The steps can be made of any material that matches the color scheme of the interior.

Minimalism

Single-flight staircase of simple straight shape. The steps may protrude from the wall; the base and supports are removed. Small staircases may not have railings. In interfloor stairs, handrails are small crossbars.

Kitsch

In this style the most bright interiors. Stairs can be cumbersome. Complex designs, abundance of decor and bright colors are welcome. The red staircase will become a color accent in the room.

Ready-made solutions: pros and cons

Making a staircase for a country house in accordance with standards is a complex process that requires a lot of effort and time. Experts recommend purchasing a ready-made version. But the issue of choosing a competent manufacturer has its own subtleties.

Before choosing finished product it is necessary to study the exhibition sample. Inspection requires connection of parts: there should be no cracks, cracks or chips at the joint. The quality of grinding and finishing is checked. The dimensions and appearance of the product are visually assessed.

The object must fit the size of the room and not look bulky. The style should not contradict the interior design.

You should not order a staircase from a company whose catalog does not have similar models. y. As a rule, each organization produces a design according to a specific technological option. Companies rarely deviate from the usual pattern, so the final product may differ from customer expectations.

Modular stairs have become very popular. They are a ready-made structure that you need to install yourself. Thanks to the collapsible system, such a staircase can be built into any interior. During the installation process, the shape of the staircase can be changed to suit the characteristics of the room.

The load-bearing parts of the stairs are made of durable materials: stainless or structural steel. The metal is coated with polymers on top. The steps are made of wood, but you can also purchase Italian stone and porcelain stoneware analogues.

The advantage of such stairs is ease of assembly. Depending on the complexity of the design, modular stairs vary price category. The most budget options are a design with a “module to module” fastening type.. The easy-to-assemble design can be installed very quickly: the metal tubes of the modules are inserted into each other. Among the disadvantages of this model is the presence of play between the blocks. Also, with prolonged use, the modules begin to move away from each other, and the structure sags.

Modules with a threaded connection type have a higher cost. The structures do not sag during operation, but the fixing bolts can become loose. For safety reasons, the condition of the module joints must be checked regularly.

The most expensive options have in a complicated way assemblies. The structure cannot be connected without the help of a specialist. The work of the master will require additional payment. The advantage of such ladders is their high reliability.

During the installation process, you can independently adjust the step pitch. It is important to ensure that the structure is not too steep.

Draw up a project for the finished modular staircase very simple. To do this, you need to know the height of the room and determine the step size. Selected based on specified values required amount modules. Another advantage of the finished model is that it does not require design during the construction of the building. The convenient design can be installed at any stage of construction.

Repair of this design is simple: the staircase can be disassembled at any time. It is important to understand that for production modular system put forward uniform requirements . The design of such a staircase is simple and the same for each model. The structure cannot be further decorated with ornaments or carvings..

The main advantage of a modular staircase is its affordable price. This system saves money and time. Self-installation design allows you to reduce the labor costs of the craftsman. The staircase is also small-sized, so it is suitable for installation in small rooms. The modules are perfect for decorating a room in a minimalist and hi-tech style.

To order: advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of purchasing a custom staircase is the almost complete absence of manual labor. Saving time on manufacturing and installation of the structure. All calculations and drafting are carried out by craftsmen, but their work must be supervised. Buying such a ladder will be much more expensive, self-assembly and installation.

Before choosing a staircase, you need to consider some points:

• Design dimensions. It is important to realize exactly how much space the stairs will take up. It is necessary to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling and estimate the width of the opening.
• Frequency of use. Its material depends on how intensively the ladder will be used. For a permanent home big family It is better to opt for steel and stone materials. Stairs in summer country house can be made from wood.
• Types of fastening. The installation method depends on the type load-bearing structures and staircase models.
• Interior style. The design must be part of the design concept. Before buying a staircase, you need to draw up a color scheme for the future room with detailed elaboration of the elements.

When contacting a company, you must first familiarize yourself with its work. It is better to choose a well-known company name. Elite stairs, as a rule, are produced by famous companies. The price of the finished product with installation depends on the client’s choice of company.

It's important to know that an agreement must be concluded with the company. This procedure is mandatory and will protect both parties from incompetent work. Next, you need to draw up a complete design of the staircase. This material is included in the contract. The main part should include a detailed drawing. All dimensions are recorded on paper: the width of the passage, the number of steps and their dimensions.

Below are all the characteristics future design. Type of staircase, design of each structural element. Indicated color palette products. In some cases, you can specify the paint manufacturer and individual shade labeling. To save money, you can purchase paint yourself and provide it to the company.

The contract must specify all the terms of the work performed. Enter the start and end date of construction.

During preliminary acceptance of work, it is necessary to check the quality of work. Surfaces must be thoroughly sanded. It is necessary to check the dimensions of the structure. Experts advise measuring the product with a tape measure.. If the product is in the manufacturer’s workshop, then some inaccuracies can still be corrected.

It is important to pay attention to the accuracy of manufacturing parts. There should be no gaps between adjacent elements. The parts must be mounted on special tenon grooves. If the technology is broken, then the entire load will act on the screws. In this case, the ladder will not last long.

During preliminary control it is necessary to test the ladder for load. The client must go up several steps and evaluate the quality of the work. The structure should not creak when ascending and descending. If you are afraid of climbing the upper steps, you can ask the masters to do it.

The quality of finishing work is checked after installing the stairs in the house. During acceptance, only the design can be assessed. If a defect is detected, the company must be notified about it. Inconsistencies must be eliminated. If additional holes need to be drilled in the stairs, for example for electricity, this should be reported to the workshop. Otherwise, builders will have to drill into the finished structure during installation.

Basic calculations

When designing a staircase, you must be guided by three principles:

1. The height of each step must be the same. The error should be less than 0.5 centimeters. Altitude violations can cause injury.
2. Stairs can only be installed between rooms with the same microclimate. Temperature affects the condition of the structure. Uneven cooling and heating of the product will lead to destruction. This may have a negative impact on bearing capacity Houses.
3. After calculation it is necessary to draw up a drawing indicating all values ​​and details. The plan is drawn taking into account the scale. The sketch is necessary to control production and installation work at each stage.

The total area under the stairs is calculated as the total floor area under the stairs on the upper and lower floors. The height of the passage is a standardized value of 185 centimeters. Experts advise increasing the value to a range from 195 to 200 centimeters. The bottom edge of the top opening can be beveled slightly.

The width of the passage is taken from 1200 millimeters if the staircase is located between floors. This dimension for the sleeping floor can be taken equal to 900 millimeters. For mezzanines or special stairs, the passage can be from 700 millimeters.

The distance from the step to the handrail is 800-900 millimeters. However, this value can be changed depending on the height of the residents of the house. If there is a child in the family, then the distance between the balusters is no more than 100 millimeters. For adult families, the figure can be increased to 170 mm.

Craftsmen advise making the bottom railing of the stairs solid - this will increase safety.

In calculating the steps, the most important part is determining the dimensions of one panel. The optimal slope of the stairs should be 32 degrees. The ratio of the height of the step to the value of its tread should be equal to the tangent of the slope. The slope can be determined through the length of the structure. The height of the step can vary from 140 to 180 millimeters. The tread length can be about 280 millimeters.

The peculiarity of spiral staircases is that the angle of divergence of the steps is always less than sixty degrees. Good decision will reduce it to 20 degrees. Radius stairs are calculated using the remainder of the total rise height.

There are two ways to save staircase area without violation design features systems. The first is called “Russian planning”. The staircase is placed in a large corridor, rotating one flight relative to the other by 180 degrees.

The staircase can also be placed on the veranda, shifting the marches by 90 degrees. The first block of such a system is much larger in length and height. Under the landing of such a staircase you can place a bathroom or boiler room. Under the steps there is a descent to the basement.

The second way to save space is called the “Spanish layout”. The country house is made to be one and a half stories high. The bedroom is located on the mezzanine above the built-in garage, shifting it to the side by 1 meter. The resulting room can be divided into two. The one-and-a-half-story layout allows you to reduce the length of the stairs. In this case, the design may turn out to be one-flight.

The attic staircase does not occupy a large area. If you want to hide it, the structure is fixed to the rail. This allows you to fold the structure and slide it behind pieces of furniture. Widespread sliding stairs for the attic– the structure extends when the door in the ceiling is opened.

Stages of project creation and installation

Before installing the staircase, you need to choose its location. Based on the area and dimensions of the room, a calculation is made and a drawing is drawn up. It is necessary to record the dimensions of the future staircase, the number of flights, design and material of manufacture. Next, the staircase is made separately from the rest of the repair. The structure can be installed upon completion of the finishing work.

The linear dimensions of the staircase opening and the position of the stairs are taken into account when drawing up a general plan for the renovation of premises. By preliminary calculations, specialists cut the opening, mark the locations of the railings and beams. Strengthening the stairs is thought out in advance.

It is necessary to draw up a drawing of the stairs in accordance with safety regulations. Be sure to mark the enclosing elements of the structure on the plan.

The method of installing the stairs should be optimal for the selected room. Professionals advise choosing metal fasteners: the system will not creak during operation. When moving the stairs away from the walls, the object is attached to the top and bottom. After the facing materials on the walls and floor have completely dried, you can begin installing the stairs. It is better to entrust the work to professionals, because unstable steps can lead to serious injuries.

Installation of a spiral staircase is several times more difficult than assembling a flight or bolt structure. Steps must be placed at clear angles with equal distances. The steps can be cut from wooden blocks. To do this, a rectangular board is marked diagonally and sawn. The edges of the resulting fragment are processed, rounding them.

It is impossible to make stone steps with your own hands; they are ordered from workshops. To make concrete steps, you need to prepare a mold. Reinforcement is placed in it and concrete is poured. The part can be removed after the composition has completely hardened.

First, install a vertical stand - the main one load-bearing element stairs. The element can be monolithic or stacked. The second option involves installing a central tube with a diameter of about 50 millimeters, onto which steel rollers are alternately strung. It is necessary to place a rubber seal between each bushing.

Holes must be cut in the monolithic rack. Steps are subsequently laid in these grooves. The fragments are strung one by one and fanned out. The steps are connected to each other with special brackets. This approach will make the structure stronger. If the staircase is adjacent to a wall, it can be additionally secured with bolts.

Marching staircases are a little easier to install than spiral staircases. Do not forget that you cannot deviate from calculations. The design features of the selected type of staircase, specified in the plan, allow you to regulate the work and monitor the quality of its implementation.

The production of a marching staircase begins with marking the treads and risers on the original material. The wood is sawn, the edges of the fragments are processed. The surface should be smooth and even. Next, the support beams are cut out. Grooves are marked on them and cut out. Treads will be installed in the holes.

First, the landing is installed. If it is not provided for in the project, then installation begins with fastening the support beams. The assembly of steps begins with the installation of risers and is completed by attaching the tread. The fastening elements in this case are self-tapping screws. When fixing wooden steps to a metal frame, the role fastening elements perform the corners. They are welded to the base. The steps are also fixed at the corners using self-tapping screws.

Installation of a bolt ladder is the simplest. This type of construction is the most advantageous, since dismantling is as simple as installation. Places for fixing the fastening element are marked on the walls. Next, holes are drilled into which the bolts are placed. Installation of steps begins from the lowest. One side of it is attached to the wall, and a bolt is screwed to the other.

Fastening of balusters and installation of handrails is carried out after securing all steps. This sequence of work is also inherent in the system with marches.

Ready-made block structures are much easier to install than assembling all the elements of the staircase yourself. But this method will be much more expensive.

Experts give some advice on installing stairs in a private house:

• Stairs without intermediate supports look very interesting. It is important to understand that such a design requires a reinforced frame. If you do not take measures to strengthen the ladder, then during operation it will begin to wobble.
• The simplest and most reliable option is two straight flights and an intermediate platform.
• The frame can be assembled during the renovation process. First, temporary steps are attached to it. After finishing work is completed, they are replaced with permanent ones.
• To increase the functionality of the staircase, you can build shelves, a cabinet with drawers or niches into it. Lighting can be provided through the structure.
• The optimal width of the stairs is 800 millimeters. This size is enough for two people to climb it at the same time.

Before designing, you need to familiarize yourself with some interesting design solutions. The ideas of the masters will help you decide on the style and design of the future staircase.

Elegant option

The use of bolts when constructing stairs visually facilitates the construction. The combination of wood and steel looks restrained and elegant. Thin crossbars make the structure airy. This option is perfect for complementing the interior in a modern style.

Simplicity and clarity of shapes do not burden the staircase. She literally floats in the air. There is lighting between the steps: square-shaped lamps complete the image and fill the room with bright colors.

Spiral staircase

This design is distinguished by the complexity of its shapes and smooth lines. The steps take up virtually no space, but they look unusual and bold. The wooden staircase fits correctly into classic design interior Despite the apparent cramped space, the design allows people to move freely.

The noble dark colors of the staircase match the furnishings of the room. Each step is carpeted. This not only gives the object a special touch, but also ensures the safety of movement of residents: varnished wood is very slippery, this can lead to injuries.

Classic solution

A standard staircase with two flights and a platform between them is the most convenient option. This model is distinguished by its elegant design. Light treads in combination with a dark frame look lively and unusual. Wood goes well with the light decoration of the room.

Even metal handrails look light and do not clutter up the space. The structure is filled with air. A painting in a dark frame hanging above the platform complements the overall composition. The staircase is an accent in the room, but does not burden it.

Built-in wardrobe

A staircase with a built-in wardrobe is an excellent solution for small premises. Drawers help save useful space. The first step of this staircase is a small bedside table that can be moved if necessary.

The staircase, like the rest of the furniture, is made of wood. The owners value the environmental friendliness of the material, so the structure was not painted. The wood retains its natural smell and texture. It is important to understand that the material is well treated against pests and humidity, and is varnished in several layers.

This design is suitable for houses with low temperatures - critical heating can lead to a fire.

Multi-span staircase

This design consists of several flights with a small number of steps. The middle span is suspended, with a small chest of drawers installed under it. Thanks to a large number blocks, the viewer does not observe a sharp difference in heights. The staircase rises smoothly to the second floor.

Massive dark wood handrails look unusual on thin white balusters. The color of the railing matches the shade of the steps, so the structure looks like a single whole. The staircase looks massive, but White color gives it lightness.

Combined design

The presented design combines a screw and march system. This solution is unusual and bright. A spiral staircase is installed on a small podium. This height difference makes the system difficult to perceive. Shapes with soft edges and smooth lines are very harmonious.

The color combination of the stairs is very nice. Dark brown fades to cream. The steps of the podium seem massive, but the treads on the spiral part of the staircase add lightness to the structure. Balusters of unusual shape make the image unusual.

Complex texture

This design is distinguished by an unusual bas-relief on the treads. Bronze stylization looks noble. Dark colors give the staircase some restraint. Twisted handrails are combined with a complex pattern on the steps and complete the picture.

This solution is perfect for a country mansion in the Baroque style. The abundance of details adds splendor to the simple design. The combination of metal and wood looks advantageous and rich. A pleasant advantage of such a staircase is that there is no need to cover the steps with a rough material. A traditional spiral staircase with varnished wooden steps is very dangerous.

The presence of several floors in the house provides for the arrangement stairs . It has great functional significance and is used to ascend to and descend from other levels. This structure is an integral part of housing, which must be remembered when arranging it. Staircase design in private house is selected based on its design features, dimensions and other characteristics. It should be harmoniously combined with other elements.

A good lift should not only be of high quality and reliable, but also beautiful, organically integrated into the overall style of the home.

Stairs in the house - necessary design. Especially if we are talking about a building consisting of several floors. It helps you reach them safely and easily. In addition, the staircase is an element of the interior. When arranging your home, you need to pay special attention to it. It should fit harmoniously into the overall picture.

If your country house or apartment has a second floor, then the need to place a staircase is an obvious fact.

Type of stairs largely depends on the style in which issued housing. Classic requires the use of expensive and high-quality materials. Natural wood, decorated with interesting carvings, luxurious forging metal.

It is necessary to properly equip and design the structure so that the beauty of the staircase is in no way inferior to its practicality, reliability and safety.

If the interior made in a minimalist direction, then you should not use unnecessary details. Any design should be practically invisible. This also applies to stairs. It is appropriate to arrange it railings made of transparent material , for example, plexiglass.

Despite the fact that glass staircases have a design that is not entirely familiar to the home, today the popularity of these structures is quite high.

High-tech is characterized by the presence of modern motifs in the interior. The staircase, the railings of which are made of chrome, looks good material. Narrow boards act as steps. They are installed according to modern technologies. As a result, it seems that steps hover. It looks impressive and mesmerizing.

In Russia today, wood holds the palm among the most popular types of materials.

Staircase made of natural materials fits perfectly into eco-style. Moreover, all its elements must be exclusively wooden. Availability carved patterns on designs suitable for ethno style. Bamboo railings will perfectly complement the formal room in Japanese style. Design rough shapes fit into the country style. Provence provides for the arrangement of white structures . You can emphasize its elegance with the help of forged or carved elements.

Wooden stairs can withstand heavy loads, but over time they do not deform and do not lose their attractiveness.

Options like this designs enough. They differ not only materials, size, but also shape, type.

The location, type of staircase and material of execution are determined at the construction stage.

When choosing the most suitable option, you need to consider many points:

• General design of the room;
• Room area;
• Ceiling height;
• Owner's preference.

The shape and structure depend on the decoration inside, the height of the ceilings, and the area of ​​the room.

If the building has two floors, then it will work well design from one or two routes. There are several types.

Construction type	Peculiarities
On the stringer	The device consists of beams. Each element is separately connected to the base. They are made from any materials . This type is especially in demand. This is explained high rate strength and safety. Depending on the design registration there may be two or one support beams. As for stringers, they can be of any shape. Free program looks good, screw, straight.
On the bowstrings	The ladder has a complex design. steps attached directly to the beam. This is done from the inside, so it is practically invisible. Similar ladder has a stylish look. It emphasizes the delicate taste of the owners, gives room grace. It suits different styles interior design.
Boltsevaya	It is made from steel, tree. Bolts are used to connect components. Design very reliable and strong. It will last for many years. Despite the heaviness of the materials, its appearance is quite light and weightless. It can be used in light and airy design solutions. Here you can show your imagination: open or closed steps of any shape.
Screw	Mainly settled in premises with a small area. It is made from metal, wood . The shape is not only round, but also square. The octagonal composition looks original. This all expands design possibilities.

When arranging the staircase, you need to remember about its harmonious combination with the overall interior.

It is worth paying attention not only to the external part, but also to the space under design y. If it is properly arranged, it will have functional significance. There you can place a sofa and a coffee table. It will be a wonderful place to relax.

Spiral implementation in a light eco design.

Wooden structure: what is the main feature?

Wooden stairs occupy a leading position in popularity for many years. And this is not surprising. Similar designs have excellent strength, reliability and safety characteristics. Basically they have two routes. You can also find ladders made of one or more.

You can replace expensive tree species with larch, cherry or pear. In this case, you will receive resistance to moisture in the house.

In addition, it is worth noting the environmental friendliness wooden devices. Their aesthetic qualities are excellent. They complement any style of room well. They fit into the country direction, in which issued private housing and a fashionable loft. Their cost is low, especially when compared with metal buildings.

Models made from natural materials provide maximum comfort to the environment and are quite easy to care for.

Buildings should be made from wood hard rocks. It is appropriate to use oak, beech, pear, and pine. Price like this material not little. For those who want to save money, you can use larch.

Wooden staircase must meet certain requirements. They concern its size. The width is no less than 75 cm, the depth of the steps is 40 cm, the height is 20 cm. If necessary, these parameters can be adjusted.

It is also worth noting that its decoration should be harmoniously combined with the rest of the stylistic design.

Metal device: pros and cons

The staircase can be made from one material or several. Metal constructions often complemented by glass elements and wood. The strength of such compositions is quite good. They can serve for many years. There are no problems during operation.

Metal stairs have a long service life - up to 50 years.

The advantages of such structures indicate that they meet the requirements fire safety. You can combine many lines: smooth and straight. Intricate shapes combine harmoniously. This good field actions for designers. Allows you to create unique options stairs

Like any other material, metal has its downsides. They must be taken into account when choosing it for the manufacture of stairs. The main one is susceptibility to corrosion. To prevent damage appearance designs, material covered with a special protective layer.

Best to use stainless steel, it is resistant to corrosion.

Different rooms - any stairs

Design of a staircase in a private house largely depends on the size premises in which it is installed. If it is small, then it is better to give preference to the screw type. It will fit well on modest square meters. Its appearance is beautiful and creates a fabulous atmosphere. Despite this, this design has its drawbacks. They are mainly related to exploitation. Raise objects to the second floor large sizes very uncomfortable. They are mostly square and round in shape. Produced from metal and wood , sometimes glass. The design assumes a vertical position steps, attached to the stand.

The spiral can be decorated using an installation in the form of decorative threads with beads hanging along the entire height.

If we talk about convenience, then route ascents to the second floor are the best option in this regard. That's why they are common. But they can only be installed in a spacious indoors. Since the design is bulky and requires a large area.

They are presented in the form of marches, which form about 16 steps. If a higher device is needed, it will be equipped with additional platforms. They are used to set up other marches. This option Staircases can be open or equipped with a door, with or without risers.

Classic staircases with any features (straight, rectangular, turning) are used in homes much more often.

Do not clutter up the space stairs on rails. attached directly to the wall. For this, bolts and special pins are used. Thanks to this, it looks airy and weightless. Outwardly, it feels like the structure is not reliable. But in practice it can withstand heavy loads.

Lightness, translucency and at the same time safety of the glass structure.

Main mission

Ladder - an important item in a multi-story building. It not only helps you move from one floor to another, but also becomes the main accent design. The design gives the room royal look, fills it with luxury.

Spiral type staircase made of glass and metal.

Quite often it is not she who approaches interior, and design To her. Taking into account the features of the device, the style in which it will be decorate the entire room . Depending on where it is located, the location for the furniture is selected. Railing are a decisive factor in finishing work.

Criterias of choice

Safety and ergonomics no less important criterion choice stairs than the interior style. Since it is intended for movement, it should not pose a threat to life. The device is in home , where not only adults but also children live. Therefore, it is important to use safe for health materials. Some modern models can only be used in houses, not intended for permanent residence. Since the safety level of the structure is low.

Transitional design of a lightweight metal spiral staircase that fits perfectly into a two-level modern.

Choosing a ladder its location is taken into account. If this is the center of the hall, then the front option is suitable. You can install a secondary view in the back of your home.

It is worth paying attention to the thickness of the walls where the staircase elements are attached.

The wall must be large enough to support the weight structures . Otherwise, it will fail in a short time and will require repairs.

Original design

Ladder can realize the most interesting design ideas. It can be arranged different ways. This will raise the bar for uniqueness. room design. But it is worth remembering that unusual designs may be inconvenient to use. Their safety level is low. Therefore, the pursuit of originality must be deliberate.

The screw design in Gothic mansions looks especially sophisticated.

To make a standard stairs interesting enough design her railing is not in the traditional way. It is also worth paying attention to the place under steps. If you lay it out with tiles with bright patterns, then the overall picture interior will be filled with positivity and will have a festive look.

Looks impressive ladder having a curved base. Its smooth shapes blend with the interior. steps it is attached to the center of the base. That's why she doesn't look like screw . It is required to have railing . Especially in cases where there are elderly people and children in the house.

With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.

Construction can be an excellent light source. It is enough to place the light bulbs under the steps and railings. They also look original on the niches that are arranged along the walls. This option registration stylish and modern looking.

Ladder can be a great attraction for children. In this case, it is supplemented with a slide. Children can have fun on it calmly and safely.

The construction is carried out according to individual order. Therefore, it will require money.

You can often find stairs -closet. This great option its arrangement. The space under the railings is used rationally. In this place they arrange shelves on which books and accessories are located. If you close them, you can store various things.

It can become an alternative to a full-fledged pantry or mezzanine.

If the house has stairs, then it should be used to the maximum. This applies not only to its functional purpose, but also to external data. Competent design design will make the interior unique, filled with luxury. Such housing is always comfortable, the atmosphere in it is homely.

VIDEO: Staircase to the second floor - 50 ideas.

50 modern home staircase design ideas:

One of the serious stages of the internal arrangement of a two-story private house is the construction of a flight of stairs intended for climbing upstairs. Here the homeowner is faced with a choice: hire for this work experienced craftsmen or start making it yourself. The second option is supported by cost savings and the conscientiousness with which the owner will get down to business in his own home. All that remains is to fill the gap in knowledge and understand how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, having carefully studied our recommendations.

Staircase diagrams for climbing to the second floor

To build an interfloor transition yourself, you need to choose suitable design, which will fit in the allocated area and at the same time be safe to use. But first you should understand the names of the elements and details of the stairs:

• bowstring (otherwise - stringer) - a longitudinal beam that serves as a support for the steps;
• tread – the upper plane of the step;
• riser - an opening between two treads;
• support pillar used in some designs for the installation of stringers or steps;
• baluster – vertical support for railings

Straight staircase 1 flight

To organize the ascent to the top floor of a private house, it is customary to build 4 types of stairs:

1. Straight marching with or without a transition platform.
2. Rotatable 90 or 180° with winder steps.
3. Screw.
4. Compact goose step ladder.

Reference. To save usable space and building materials, the listed structures are placed along the walls. The exception is the screw structure, located in any convenient place, even in the middle of the hallway or hall.

A simple staircase to the second floor consists of one flight with a railing. It is not difficult to make, but with a ceiling height of more than 2.5 m, the building will take up a significant area. To save space, it would be more correct to make the ascent according to a scheme with two flights and a transition platform, as shown above in the photo.

The design of turning (winder) steps allows you to effectively use the entire length of the staircase and thus reduce the size of the span. The assembly of such a structure is somewhat more complicated due to the installation of a support pillar and the manufacture of wedge-shaped shaped steps.

Drawing of a turning staircase

If there is very little space in the house or country house, then it makes sense to build a spiral staircase or a “goose step” type structure shown in the photo. In the first case, all the steps are winders and are attached at one end to the support pillar, and in the second they are cut in width so that you can put your foot on only one side. It is quite difficult to make a screw structure from scratch, but the goose step ladder is built using the same technology as conventional marching ascents.

Note. Typically, homeowners purchase metal, wood, and glass spiral staircases as ready-made kits that are installed on site. Nowadays it is not difficult to find beautiful products on sale that harmonize with any interior, but such pleasure cannot be called cheap.

This is what a steep flight of stairs looks like, like a goose step.

To finally select a suitable staircase design for the second floor, you should calculate the size and number of steps.

Calculation of interfloor stairs

For calculations it is necessary to know the height difference between clean floors first and second floors, as well as the size of the area that you are ready to allocate for a conditional staircase. The calculation method does not depend on the chosen design and is based on the following requirements to ensure convenience and safety during its operation:

• tread width - at least 26 cm;
• step height – no more than 20 cm;
• the slope of the flight of stairs should be within the range from 27 to 42°;
• railing height – from 900 mm;
• The minimum span width is 90 cm.

Advice. In order to correctly calculate the parameters of a flight of stairs and decide on its design, it is recommended to solve the problem graphically. Make your own mini-project by drawing by hand or on the computer drawings showing the staircase in plan and side view.

The essence of the calculation is to determine the number of steps and the total length of the climb, taking into account the slope of the homemade ladder. The calculation procedure is proposed to be considered using the example of a country cottage with a height difference of 3 m:

1. To prevent the climb from being steep, let’s take the most convenient riser height – 15 cm. The number of steps is calculated by dividing the total height by this value: 300 cm / 15 cm = 20 pcs.
2. Taking the width of the tread equal to 30 cm, we calculate the length of the span: 30 cm x 20 = 600 cm or 6 m.
3. Having drawn a sketch of such a wooden staircase with a side view, we will determine the slope angle - 27°.

Design diagram of a straight march with a slight slope

The 6 m long structure shown in the picture will not fit into every home, so its design will have to be adjusted. Option one: break the climb into 2 flights of equal length and make a transition platform. Taking into account its size, which is equal to the minimum span width, the length of the ladder will be 3.9 m, which is also quite a lot. To some extent, sacrificing amenities, the dimensions of the stairs can be optimized as follows:

• reduce the width of the step to 26 cm;
• increase height to 18 cm;
• move the tread forward 3 cm.

Optimized staircase diagram

Using the instructions given above, we calculate the new parameters of the flight of stairs and get the number of steps 17 pcs., the angle of inclination is 37°, and the total length is 3.7 m. If we organize a 90° turn of the flight with three winder steps instead of a landing, then the length of the rise it will be possible to reduce it to 3 m, and this is quite acceptable. More visual information about the calculation flights of stairs you will receive by watching the video:

Important point. All domestic buildings, including interfloor staircase, must be safe for small children. Provide gaps between the balusters according to the child’s age so that he cannot squeeze between them and fall.

Construction materials

The best material for making a staircase with your own hands is wood. It is not only easy to process, but also fits well into any interior. Metal structures are more durable, but at the same time heavier and more difficult to assemble, not to mention the cost of iron elements. Dried wood of the following species is suitable for construction:

• ash;
• aspen;
• coniferous species: spruce, pine, larch.

Advice. You should not use birch for construction inside a house, as it quickly dries out and loses its appearance.

To make stringers, you will need a board with a thickness of 40 mm or more of the required length (splicing a bowstring from pieces is unacceptable). The width of the board should be 25-30% greater than the calculated tread width. A wooden beam with a cross-section of 10 x 10 cm or more, depending on the length of the supporting part and the weight of the structure, is suitable for the outer and intermediate posts for the railing.

The appearance of a wooden staircase largely depends on the design of the balusters. In order to beautifully design the railing, it is better to order the production of balusters somewhere in production, where they will be turned according to your drawing lathe. If you are skilled in wood carving, then you can design the stands yourself. Also, do not forget to purchase fasteners - self-tapping screws, metal pins or dowels for installing balusters, nails.

Installation Guide

Recently, wooden stairs to the second floor, equipped with turning steps, have gained popularity. They take up little room space and are relatively easy to assemble, so we will give step-by-step instructions for installing such a structure. First of all, prepare the necessary tools and a stepladder or a simple ladder for temporary access to the second floor. Then proceed in this order:

1. Mark the blanks according to your drawing. For convenience, you can make a wooden template to draw cutting lines along the stringers using one sample. Cut out the pieces with an electric jigsaw.
2. Install the support post and attach it as shown in the picture below. Make grooves in it for attaching winder steps and bowstrings.
3. Secure both stringers - screw the first one to the wall, and the second one to the vertical post and the end of the interfloor ceiling.
4. To support the winder steps, install horizontal bars on the wall. Mount 2 strings for a short flight - the entrance to the stairs.
5. Install all the steps, moving from bottom to top. Mark the attachment points for the balusters on them.
6. Secure the balusters to dowels or studs, and install the railings.

Scheme of fastening the central support and assembling the flight of stairs

Advice. Do not cut 3 turning steps from one block. It turns out that the fibers of the first of them will be located across the length of the tread, causing the step to break at the slightest load.

It makes sense to make the risers of a homemade staircase closed if you plan to sew up the space under the flight (for example, for a pantry). In other cases, it is not necessary to seal the openings between the steps. To extend the service life, finish the flight of stairs - treat the wood with an antiseptic compound and varnish. How to properly assemble a turning ladder yourself is described in the next video:

Conclusion

When building a wooden staircase, pay special attention to the preliminary stages - calculation, marking and cutting out parts. If you make a mistake here, it can be difficult to eliminate it during assembly, including redoing the stringers. Think about the design of balusters and railings, study existing options from the photographs and choose the most interesting and suitable for the interior of your home.

Design engineer with more than 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronics Industry Equipment in 2011.

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In this article we will look at the types, their advantages and disadvantages. We will also understand the installation requirements, consider the materials and a brief description.

There are a wide variety of types of stairs to the second floor. At the same time, the choice of design should be decided at the stage of developing the house project. As for their type and material of manufacture, they depend not only on design standards, but also on the design, as well as the area of ​​the room. The approach to the stairs should be convenient, and the ascent should be as comfortable as possible.

Current SNiPs indicate that the choice of dimensions and location depends on:

• the minimum permissible distance from the stairs to the end of the corridor (at least 1.6 m);
• the smallest indicator of the width of the march of the future structure (varies from 1.05 to 1.2 m);
• maximum slope of the march (not higher than 45 o);
• the ideal number of climbs in one march (at least two);
• number of steps in one flight (ranging from 13 to 18);
• the width of the platform between the flights (not lower than the width of one flight).

Important! These provisions apply only to structures inside residential premises. It is necessary to draw boundaries between internal, technical and external staircases. For the latter, these requirements may differ.

Everything else is a flight of fancy. And it is worth noting that now you can find unusual and even strange offers on the market.

Types of stairs to the second floor

There are many factors to consider when choosing stairs:

• design (with or without rotation);
• location (in the center of the room or against the wall);
• technical possibility (stationary or folding);
• price;
• material (concrete, wood, glass, etc.).

The most popular and convenient designs are: 1. L-shaped. Very common due to its simplicity. As a basis, take two marches, which are located at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. The marches are connected by an intermediate platform. This design has one turn.

2. U-shaped. It is optimal to use in large rooms, as it is more bulky compared to the previous type. It is usually installed in houses with great height between floors.

3. Marching. Simple, but the most cumbersome design of all.

4. Screw. Optimal for small rooms. It looks aesthetically pleasing, although it is somewhat inconvenient when lifting compared to other options. But they are the most compact. 5. On pain. 6. On bowstrings. 7. Modular.

Advice! If you are limited in space, choose a screw design (with a rotation). There is a wide variety of styles and shapes, so you can easily find the right one.

As for concrete stairs, they are installed extremely rarely in private houses. Often these are external stairs. Let's take a closer look at some types of structures.

Screw

Spiral staircases are installed where it is necessary to save space, and where a straight staircase simply will not fit . Not the most convenient option to use. Often such structures are installed in the basement or for access to the attic. Aesthetically they look very impressive. They are made in the shape of a square, circle or polygon, or with a smooth rotation. If it is located in ground floor, the most reliable will be a concrete base. The material used can be almost any. It is possible to order hardware with plastic, wooden, glass steps or brick. It can also be made entirely of stone, metal, wood. But not everyone can afford a staircase with a turn. The complexity of manufacturing and installation significantly affects its price.

Marching

This type of stairs has become the most popular due to:

• simplicity of the design itself and its installation;
• taking into account the mechanics of human movement. This gives comfort and convenience when descending and ascending.

The main feature of marching stairs is that they are installed only where there is a lot of free space: at least 3 sq.m.

However, there is an opportunity to save space. For this purpose, turning stairs with intermediate platforms are used. At first glance, such designs are quite complex, but they are quite realistic. The most popular are single-flight and double-flight designs.

Manufacturing material - concrete, plastic, stone, wood, glass or combinations thereof. It is possible to make a staircase structure using bricks. Today, the basis for sustainability is .

Stairs on rails The name comes from the German “Bolzen” (bolt). The advantage of this type is ease of installation. Steel is often used as a material, which greatly simplifies the fastening of some elements. The diameter and number of steel rods affects the strength of the structure. The rods can be mounted in the ceiling, walls, floor or interior partition . Such stairs are compact and economical. The main requirement for them is location near a solid concrete wall. When choosing the type of stairs

great importance

is given to its design. It can be performed on bowstrings or bolts. Sometimes they are combined. To give the product a noble look, choose bowstrings. These are beams that provide the steps with support from below and on the sides. Bolts are metal fasteners that hold steps in the wall during frameless construction of stairs.

The most elegant type of stairs, in which the steps are attached to a support beam from the inside. Climbing and descending along them is very convenient, but installation is labor-intensive, which limits their use in the case of individual construction.

You can familiarize yourself with the installation features of such a design in. The material used is almost any, except concrete.

Modular stairs

• The second floor is popular because it has a number of advantages:
• affordable installation price;
• possibility without special skills due to simple design;
• good compatibility with any finishing materials;
• the ability to assemble structures of any type: screw, corner, combined configuration;

Possibility of installation in rooms with any ceiling height.

May be with or without rotation. The word “module” is the key word, which covers the entire concept. Prefabricated system: assembled from parts that fit together. Thus, U-shaped and L-shaped stairs can be made. If necessary, the modules can be adjusted, making it possible to individually select the lifting height, its geometry, and form a unique shape of the structure.

• It can be steep uphill if you're comfortable with it. Assembling a modular staircase
• The following types of modules for mounting staircase structures are distinguished:
• welded (cast). On each side of the module there are pipes of different heights and diameters;

made of two components: a long pipe with a plate for fastening steps and a welded part with short pipes;

consisting of several individual components that do not have welds.

The assembly of this staircase is similar to a constructor; installation is carried out independently, and it is not necessary to have special knowledge. Instructions are included with the product. Assembly takes several hours and is carried out by one or two people.

Features of materials and installation location of the stairs

Important! Wood is the most common material in the manufacture of staircases due to its environmental friendliness. However, according to fire safety requirements, the number of flights of wooden structures should be a maximum of two, that is, with one turn.

Metal is a strong and durable material. But stairs are almost never all-metal - the construction is too heavy. To reduce weight, metal is combined with wood, glass or stone.

An important point when choosing the type of structure is the location of its installation. For example, a wide and light staircase made of plastic or wood is more suitable for the hallway. This will make it possible to visually expand the room. The use of bricks is unacceptable here. For small ones premises will suit folding ladder. The vast majority of such structures are made of aluminum or wood. Since a folding ladder must withstand heavy loads, it is better if it is made of hardwood. Accordion designs are the most convenient because they can be easily removed to the second floor. By the way, folding stairs are perfect for climbing to the attic.

A retractable design is an ideal way to optimize space and the ability to isolate the entrance to the second floor. To optimize space, the space under the stairs can be used for shelving or cabinets. It is also necessary to consider the lighting of these staircase structures.

Idea! A folding staircase is a great space saver and allows you to add some flair to your interior.

Let's sum it up

Of course, it is better to entrust the design and creation of a staircase structure to professionals. They can make it safe and easy to use. Concrete, iron, wood, brick stairs – Any of your ideas can be brought to life. Be that as it may, the design must meet the following criteria:

• be durable and withstand heavy loads;
• the width of the steps is at least 28 cm, the height between them is 16-18 cm;
• the railings must have a height of at least 0.9 m.

Double-flight or single-flight design - the choice is yours. The main thing is convenience and safety. A selection of beautiful stairs