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In the garden and garden, a person grows food. And it just so happened that it was in this area that the interests of people and a huge army of insects crossed, which immediately chose cultivated plants for their food. Eating various parts vegetable and fruit plants, insects can not only significantly reduce the crop, but also completely destroy it, and even destroy plants. Therefore, whether you like it or not, we are forced to protect what we grow.

First, we try to scare away harmful insects or drive them out of our site. Then the move go, attraction natural enemies from the world of plants and animals. But often all of them are ineffective, and then you have to resort to chemical preparations. Let's look at this "arsenal" in more detail.

Insecticides

To combat insect pests, special preparations are used -. The name comes from the Latin insectum(insect) andCaedo(kill) that is, An insecticide is a chemical that kills pests, their larvae and eggs.

All properties of insecticides are due to chemical active substance on which they are based. Therefore, when buying a product in a store, it is important to remember that drugs that are completely different in name will have exactly the same effect on pests if the active substance is the same.

Pay attention: The active ingredient must be indicated on each package.

What are insecticides

According to the nature of the insect entering the body and the mechanism of action, all insecticides are divided into 4 groups:

• Contact

Those that kill by direct contact (external contact) with any part of the insect's body. Contact insecticides include organophosphorus compounds - karbofos, phosphamide, metaphos; pyrethroids - "Sumi-alpha", "Inta-Vir", "Arrivo", "Mikron", "Microcin", "Ripcord", "Nurel", "Tsinoff", "Citkor", and some other synthetic substances, for example, "Actellik".

pyrethroids. Photo from u-mama.ru

• Intestinal

These drugs enter the body of an insect with food and, being absorbed in the intestines, poison its body. The most common intestinal poison is chlorophos. This also includes fozalan, volatone (foxim) and pyrethrins.

• Systemic

Insecticides that penetrate the plant and poison it with deadly insect poison. The insect, eating the poisoned parts of plants, is affected and dies. This group of insecticides is represented by "Bazudin" and "Antio", "Aktara", "Confidelin", "Belt" and other drugs.

The most well-known preparations of this group are made on the basis of the systemic insecticide imidacloprid, which is a highly toxic substance. They are shown in the photo:

Systemic insecticides. Photo from u-mama.ru

In the next video, gardener Anna Rostislavovna talks and shows how she uses systemic insecticides in the fight against apple trees and roses

Many insecticides can simultaneously belong to 2-3 groups, for example, "Mospilan" - a systemic insecticide of contact-intestinal action.

Insecticide "Mospilan". Photo from ozon.ru

• Fumigants

These drugs poison the body of the insect, entering through the respiratory system. Used in gaseous form.

These are chloropicrin and bromomethyl, carbon disulfide, ethylene oxide and phosphine. Magtoxin (magnesium phosphide) and Phostoxin (aluminum phosphide) are used to process warehouses and storage facilities,

Fumigant. Photo from farming.by

• FOS - organophosphorus compounds. The most famous are Karbofos, Fufanon, Fozalon, Dichlorvos, Morin.

It should be noted that many insects have already developed resistance to these drugs, and for humans they have not ceased to be toxic and carcinogenic. Despite the fact that they are in the group of moderately hazardous insecticides, I do not want to recommend them for use.

Hazard class 4 - low risk

Some sources refer to them the drugs "Agravertin" and "Fitoverm". They are characterized by low toxicity for warm-blooded animals, they are destroyed in natural conditions in 5-7 days, which is convenient for fruit processing. The active substance avermectin is a natural neurotoxin, therefore the listed drugs are “dual” - they are classified as both chemical and biological agents.
But other sources refer these drugs to the 3rd class of danger. Therefore, it is most advisable not to consider chemical insecticides as low-hazard, but to take all the precautions that are recommended for class 3.

Svetlana Alexandrova will tell about the features of the use of insecticides in the next video.

The use of chemicals

Chemicals are used various methods and ways. Most applicable:

• spraying,
• aerosol treatment,
• dusting,
• soil application,
• poisoned baits.

Chemicals are used different ways

Safety rules for working with insecticides

There are no such chemical means of insect control in nature that would be completely harmless to humans and the animal world. Therefore, precautions must be taken when working with them.

• Don't neglect overalls. Put on a dressing gown, scarf, gloves, if necessary - glasses, a respirator or a gauze bandage.
• Avoid hitting working solutions on the skin, eyes and mucous membranes of the mouth and nose.
• After working with insecticides Wash the hands, person, if possible, take a shower. Wash clothes.
• Storage of any working solutions of insecticides not allowed.
• crockery, used for the preparation of working fluids, do not use for food products.
• Duration of work with insecticides in the conditions of a personal household (summer cottage) should not exceed 1 hour.

The following video shows how to correctly use insecticides when treating a summer cottage from ticks.

In the gardener's notebook

• With repeated use of the same insecticides, harmful insects develop addiction - resistance, and the drug ceases to act. To achieve the effect it is necessary to alternate drugs from different groups.
• To determine whether the drug belongs to pyrethrins, one must remember that the end of the active substance is either -valerate or -trin - for example, Alfametrin, Fenvalerate.
• From acaricides least harmful for humans and warm-blooded animals "Clofentezin", and one of most dangerous considered "Propargite".
• Preparations "Bazudin", "Kapkan", "Dohloks" and "Thunder-2" (active ingredient - diazinon) very toxic to birds!
• Insecticide treatment should be carried out only on those plants on which the pest is found or where it is likely to be found.
• At air temperature below +5°C cultivated plants are not recommended.

There can be no dispute about the effectiveness of chemicals in the fight against - they are undoubtedly much more effective than folk and biological methods especially on an industrial scale.

But no matter how effective “chemistry” is, we should never forget that everything in nature is interconnected - and every drop of poison that falls on a leaf of a plant, flower, on the ground, after some time will inevitably end up in the body of our descendants. Therefore, before the hand opens the packet of insecticide powder, let your eyes look to the future ...

Insecticides are a subspecies of pesticides. These toxic substances are designed to fight harmful insects. They are able to destroy both mature individuals and their larvae. The spectrum of action of insecticides is quite wide. They are used to preserve foliage, fruits and stems on vegetable, grain, fruit and berry crops.

Before proceeding with the use of insecticides, it is necessary to know the exact concentration and dosage of the selected drug. Any insecticide preparation must have a complete package, easily readable labeling and instructions for use.

The labeling of the drug should indicate:

• . chemical composition,
• . main active ingredient
• . shelf life,
• . Hazard Class,
• . application regulations.

All of the above information can be located both on the package and on the leaflet-instructions for the use of the insecticide.

Fertilizer action

• . aphid,
• . thrips,
• . dog nose,
• . thunder leaflet,
• . apple tree,
• . scoops,
• . moth,
• . fleas,
• . ticks,
• . whitefly,
• . false shield,
• . scab,
• . Colorado beetle.

Types of insecticides

Ten years ago, only chemical-based preparations could be seen on the market, but due to the development of this industry, scientists began to develop insecticides on a plant, viral and bacterial basis. Modern drugs have become safe for the human body, which cannot be said about chemical insecticides.

Chemical preparations are based on organic compounds:

• . chlorine
• . phosphorus,
• . urea acid,
• . arsenic,
• . sulfur, etc.

Contact preparations allow you to influence harmful insect only when the poison directly hits his body. In the event that it rains, the whole procedure may become useless, as the poison will be washed away.

A systemic insecticide affects both the pest and the plant itself. Poisonous compounds enter the vascular system of the plant, and therefore become poisonous to insects. This poison is completely absorbed by the plant within a few hours, so it is no longer afraid of rain or watering.

The intestinal insecticide directly affects the pest, but it does not affect the environmental friendliness and safety of the treated plant.

The instructions for the insecticide should indicate the type of effect on insect pests. Therefore, the buyer can only choose on his own - which insecticides seem to him more effective and affordable ?!

The most popular drugs

The list of the most effective and popular drugs is presented as a result of the analysis of many customer reviews. It includes:

• . insecticide calypso,
• . Regent,
• . Boreas,
• . Prestige,
• . Bug.
• . drug 30.

Insecticide acts on insects by the intestinal contact method. This drug can be both applied to the soil and sprayed on plants. Effective against the Colorado potato beetle, scale insects, aphids. Validity 14-28 days. Toxic to bees.

Insecticide Regent effective against pests that live under the ground. A noticeable result was achieved in the fight against the wireworm. The mechanism of action is intestinal-contact. Highly toxic.

Insecticide represents a systemic effect on pests. It can be applied to most vegetables and fruits. Does not damage fruits. A fairly long period of protection, approximately 21-30 days.

Insecticide bug affects pests by contact, systemic and intestinal. The protective ability is about 21 days. It can be applied to potatoes, cereals, fruit trees.

Insecticide Preparation 30 created for fruit and berry trees, vines of grapes and berry bushes. It is recommended to process in early spring. Effective against a wide range of pests.

The price of insecticides varies depending on the main active ingredient, toxicity class and duration. On average, if you buy one capsule, the price can be from 25 rubles to 80-100 rubles per piece. Large volumes of such drugs are sold in canisters, so their cost starts from 600 rubles. It all depends on the type, volume and manufacturer.

According to the studies of some of them, certain poisons previously used against insects continue to have a harmful effect on the Earth's ecosystem to this day. These most dangerous insecticides have been included in the lists of drugs banned around the world or are used by countries in cases of extreme epidemiological necessity.

Introducing 10 most poisonous insecticides in history in descending order of their toxicity.

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (or DDT) is officially recognized as the most toxic insecticide in the history of pest control, which is why it deservedly ranks first on our list of compounds harmful to humans.

It was obtained back in the 19th century by an Austrian scientist, Otmar Zeidler. Much later, in 1939, another European chemist, the Swiss Paul Müller, told the world about the effectiveness of this organochlorine compound as a contact insecticide.

DDT has become a real panacea. The chemical showed high toxicity to all types of insects, and at acceptable concentrations did not appear to pose a hazard to human health and warm-blooded animals. Thanks to this insecticide, in the middle of the 20th century, several deadly epidemics were stopped one after another in different countries.

The US National Academy of Sciences estimates that DDT has saved about 500,000,000 lives from malaria alone.

In addition to the medical aspect, the insecticide has shown itself indispensable assistant in agriculture. In the fight against pests such as aphids, locusts, the Colorado potato beetle, harmful turtles, a turning point has come, called " Green revolution". In the difficult post-war period, the pesticide saved the world's population from starvation.

For the discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT, Paul Müller received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1948.

The drug quickly gained worldwide popularity. Its undoubted advantages were low cost and ease of production. The advent of DDT marked the beginning new era Toxic insecticides have become the main means of controlling pests and vectors of infection.

The heady success has turned the world community's head. The pesticide began to be produced in huge quantities and used without any restrictions.

The fact that a mixture of some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was isolated as a by-product (30% of the total volume) with the method available at that time for the production of DDT was ignored.

PCBs are not effective as insecticides, but they are more than dangerous for humans.

The stability of DDT to decay also did not cause concern. On the contrary, at first this property seemed practical - after all, one treatment of the territory is enough for several months.

But less than 20 years have passed since the beginning of mass use, as the enthusiasm was replaced by gloomy forebodings. An increasing number of insects developed persistent resistance not only to DDT, but also to other organochlorides.

In addition, this compound was not split even in living organisms, and, therefore, accumulated in them. Moreover, in the food chain, the concentration of the pesticide with each subsequent link increased exponentially.

Proportional accumulation of DDT in the food pyramid

It became clear that hundreds of thousands of tons of produced and sprayed insecticide were stuck in our ecosystem for a long time. It also turned out that the accumulation of DDT in the organisms of some bird species leads to a significant decrease in the thickness of the eggshell, as a result of which the chicks die before they are born. This led to the death of large populations.

Medical research began to establish a relationship between a high concentration of a pesticide in the human body and cardiovascular diseases, premature births and miscarriages. After that, scientists sounded the alarm. Prohibited highly hazardous pesticides opened their list with the compound DDT.

This story has become an instructive lesson: when using toxic insecticides, extreme caution and forethought must be exercised so that the effectiveness does not subsequently harm the person.

Since the 1970s, this pesticide has been officially banned in most developed countries, including Russia. However, in some countries, in accordance with the WHO recommendation, it is used to prevent outbreaks of malaria.

In addition to DDT, all other substances that make up the organochloride group are recognized by the international community as the most dangerous insecticides, and occupy positions 4 to 8 on our list. Many of them are banned in most countries.

2. Hydrocyanic acid

In second place in terms of harmfulness is hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or the so-called hydrocyanic acid. This substance is the most dangerous poison for humans.

Despite this, the compound is not banned per se, during the Second World War and in the pre-war years, it was used, among other things, as an insecticide. The substance was part of the pesticide Zyklon-B - infamous for being used by the Nazis for mass murder in gas chambers.

Hydrocyanic acid as part of Zyklon-B was first used in 1941 in the Auschwitz concentration camp in Auschwitz, and then in other Nazi camps. 4 kg of dangerous gas of this substance was enough to kill 1000 people.

In its pure form, hydrocyanic acid is a highly volatile liquid with a characteristic odor of bitter almonds.

Once in the body, it affects the tissues in such a way that they lose their ability to take in oxygen from the blood.

As a result of hypoxia, the work of the vital important systems: nervous, respiratory, circulatory. Hydrogen cyanide poisoning in large doses is deadly.

Since the 1930s, it has been in great demand around the world. The gradual increase in the production and use of methyl bromide destroyed the protective ozone layer atmosphere.

At the end of the 20th century, at the UN level, it was decided to limit the use of methyl bromide, which was confirmed by the Montreal Protocol, signed by more than 190 states.

Now the use of a hazardous chemical is allowed only for the fumigation of ships and quarantine treatments.

Since 1998, the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Canada have completely or with reservations abandoned the use of methyl bromide. In Russia, it was included in the list of banned insecticides in 2005, but since 2011 it has been again allowed for pest control under the Metabrom-RFO brand.

Like other most dangerous insecticides, methyl bromide is highly toxic to humans. When intoxicated, it primarily affects the nervous system, as well as the kidneys and lungs. The substance has a high penetrating power and requires strict adherence to safety measures during operation.

“There were cases when even a gas mask did not save during processing. For example, once an ordinary hair caught under a locking petal protective agent, led to a tragedy - a micro-gap was formed through which a dangerous pesticide penetrated. It caused death."

Gennady Zakladny, Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences

The current use of methyl bromide for grain disinfection in Russia raises serious concerns among experts.

4. Aldrin

According to the Stockholm Convention, aldrin (or polychlorocyclodiene) is included in the "dirty dozen" - persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These compounds are universally banned for production and use as highly hazardous pesticides.

The substance combines resistance to degradation and high toxicity to humans and animals. Poisoning occurs when poison enters the body with food, through the respiratory tract and even through the skin. The nervous system, liver, kidneys are affected.

In Russia, aldrin was not used, and today, as in many countries, it is prohibited.

5. Chlordane

Entered commercial production in the 1950s in the United States. Initially used as an agricultural insecticide, its use was later limited to treating wood against termites.

In 2001, chlordane was also listed among the "dirty dozen" and banned in most countries of the world, including Russia. In terms of toxic properties, this dangerous chemical is similar to aldrin, and is also suspected of destructive impact on the immune system.

Dermatitis was observed in disinfectors who worked with chlordane preparations. In addition, mixing different organochlorine compounds is extremely dangerous - this practice led to tragic consequences.

A woman working with insecticides for more than 2 years accidentally spilled a mixture of chlordane and DDT on her dress. After 40 minutes, she died in convulsions.

Another highly toxic compound in the Dirty Dozen, not used since the 1980s. Its advantage as an insecticide is that it is not toxic to plants, but it effectively destroys harmful insects. Particularly distinguished is its effectiveness in the fight against beetles and their larvae, as well as against the beet weevil.

Scientists from many countries have proven that heptachlor is dangerous for people, as it destroys brain cells. Like other toxic organochloride insecticides, heptachlor degrades slowly, lingering in the food chain.

Drinking milk with residual levels of this pesticide increases the risk of Parkinson's disease.

In Russia and other countries it is prohibited for production and use.

7. Dieldrin

In terms of bioaccumulation (the ability to accumulate in the food chain), this substance is not inferior to DDT, and even surpasses it in toxicity and resistance to decay. Soil pests, orthoptera, diptera, some beetles and butterflies are very sensitive to this pesticide. When DDT lost its effectiveness, it was replaced with dieldrin.

However, for known reasons, the dangerous insecticide was blacklisted. It has never been used in the USSR and Russia.

8. Lindane

A now banned pesticide (included in the updated list of POPs in 2009), also called a mixture of isomers “hexachlorane”. Previously used in agricultural activities to control soil pests, caterpillars, various types of orthopterans, beetles, flies and other insects.

Systemic use of HCHC led to the formation of resistance in different types to all poisons against insects of the organochlorine group. Resistant races were recorded among synanthropic cockroaches and flies, alfalfa weevil and Colorado potato beetle.

Hexachloran is toxic to entomophages, bees, fish and those animals that feed on them.

The use of this hazardous chemical was accompanied by a strict schedule of safe deadlines for planting, grazing and human work in decontaminated areas.

In addition to the listed dangerous insecticides, the initial list of POPs under the Stockholm Convention included endrin, mirex, toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF). In 2009, 9 more organic compounds were added to the list.

9. Parathion-methyl

Contact poison effective against insects and mites. In most preparations, it is indicated as "metaphos". Pesticides containing it are used to protect wheat and other crops from numerous pests.

In terms of acute toxicity, according to a study by the Danish company CHEMINOVA, which produces insecticides, parathion-methyl belongs to the first hazard class. The potential harm to the health of a person involved in direct work with a toxic chemical requires proper precautions.

10. Dichlorvos

The active ingredient of the well-known Dichlorvos - DDVP (dimethyl-dichlorovinyl phosphate) closes the top ten most toxic pest control agents. Household aerosols using the dichlorvos brand today have nothing to do with the original organophosphorus insecticide that was produced before 1989.

Real dichlorvos was popular in the past and was used in different forms as a broad spectrum pesticide. Over time, gave way to safer drugs.

Due to the property of dichlorvos to quickly break down in the external environment, processing on outdoors does not threaten a person with acute intoxication. However, when working indoors, it is important to remember that this compound is a particularly dangerous pesticide, so safety precautions must be observed. First of all, protection of the respiratory tract from toxic fumes is required.

Dichlorvos is very toxic to bees, beneficial entomophagous insects and birds. At the moment, in Russia it is a prohibited insecticide.

Each banned substance has its own status.

For example, organochlorine compounds are prohibited from being used against insects anywhere, except for the same threat of malaria in some countries, as is the case with DDT.

At the same time, parathion-methyl (metaphos) is used in many garden insecticides in limited doses, while its use is unacceptable in medical and children's institutions.

This also applies to many other insecticides that are not included in our list.

Source: https://geradez.ru/10-samyx-opasnyx-insekticidov-ru

An overview of insecticides. Popular insecticides

Overview of insecticides

Almost every gardener knows that in order to grow a rich harvest, it is important not only to provide plants with favorable growing conditions, but also to protect plants from pests. It is not only gardeners who face the problem of pests. Houseplants are also often in the affected area.

How to choose the right way to deal with insect pests, we read in the articles “Non-chemical ways to deal with aphids” and “Insecticides. Chemical methods insect pest control.

In this article I will overview popular insecticides, most often recommended on garden marketplaces and flower growers' forums.

Overview of insecticides

V this review I will not dwell on the instructions for dilution of chemical preparations. This information can always be found on the packaging of drugs. I will dwell on the features of their impact and side effects application, placing drugs as their strength increases.

Fitoverm, Akarin (Agrovertin)

Fitoverm

Smell-sparing insecticides: Fitoverm, Akarin (Agrovertin). Produced on the basis of microbiological synthesis. Effective against ticks, whiteflies, aphids, thrips and other insects, as well as their larvae.

There is almost no smell that can cause allergies in children and households. At Akkarin (Agrovertin), it will be barely noticeable after less than an hour of airing the room.

The preparations are contact-intestinal, they are not absorbed into the fruits and plants. Fruit can be harvested 2 days after the last treatment.

Fitoverm, Akarin (Agrovertin) - practically do not cause addiction in harmful insects.

For effective exposure, the preparations should be sprayed directly on the skin of the pests, and the leaves of the plant should be evenly and abundantly moistened.

It is necessary that in the first 8-10 hours after treatment, the plants do not fall under the influence of natural precipitation.

Temporarily do not spray treated indoor flowers, and water garden plants carry out only in the basal way, and not by spraying.

Akarin (Agrovertin) is especially effective at high temperatures, over 18°C.

Fitoverm retains its protective functions for 7-20 days, Akarin a little less, but much depends on environment.

Guaranteed shelf life in original sealed packaging is 2 years. Storage of diluted preparations is not allowed. The prepared solution must be used within an hour.

When sprayed, they do not leave stains. Can be used during the flowering period and at home.

Moderately dangerous for bees and inhabitants of reservoirs.

Flaws. Due to the short duration of the active substance, they are not effective against pest eggs. Many flower growers note that they are "weak", not effective. You need to understand that this is a “payment” for a gentle effect on flowers, the possibility of using it when fruits ripen and the absence of a pungent odor. I recommend for the prevention of indoor plants.

Actellik

Actellik

Actellik is a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide based on organophosphorus compounds. The period of action of the active substance is 7-14 days.

It is effective not only as a means of controlling insect pests, but also affects ticks and barn pests. That is why many flower growers often opt for it. Even if the plant is currently affected by harmful insects, simultaneous prevention against ticks will not hurt.

Among the shortcomings, a strong smell can be noted. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out the processing of home flowers on fresh air where you can leave the plant until completely dry and aired. As an option, spray indoor flowers on weekends if you are going to leave for a few days.

Very toxic to aquatic life. Therefore, do not process indoor plants in rooms with an aquarium and in cottages near water bodies.

Dichlorvos, Karbofos

dichlorvos

They belong to the same group of drugs as Actellik. Dichlorvos and Karbofos have been known, perhaps, since grandmother's times and until recently, one of the most common and used drugs.

Dichlorvos is available in the form of aerosols, karbofos in various commercial forms.

Dichlorvos is more often used to control insects and mites in everyday life, and karbofos in agriculture. With its help, they not only fight against harmful insects and mites, but also carry out disinfection of warehouses to destroy stock pests.

They are highly toxic not only to insects, but also to humans. They have a strong, poorly weathered smell. As a result of long-term use, entire groups of pests have developed resistance to these chemicals.

Dichlorvos preparations, produced under the brands "Neo" (the effectiveness of the product is 15 days) and "Varan" (the effectiveness of the product is 20 days), are devoid of a pungent odor and are even flavored with mint and lemon. But we should not forget that the smell performs additional warning functions when spraying these toxic agents. Acute poisoning with dichlorvos and karbofos is not uncommon.

Aktara

Aktara is a modern, well-established, moderately persistent, broad-spectrum systemic insecticide. A very popular chemical protection against aphids, whiteflies, thrips, scale insects, false scale insects and their larvae, which is very popular among many flower growers. Does not work on ticks.

Virtually odorless.

It is applied both by spraying on the surface of the plant, and by watering pre-moistened soil in the root zone. When dealing with pests of indoor plants, I advise you to combine spraying with watering.

It is absorbed and acts on pests through plant sap, therefore it is not recommended for processing food and fruit crops.

In case of severe damage to such crops by a pest, it is allowed to use Aktara before flowering and after harvesting the fruits.

The chemical agent is active on the leaf surface for 2-3 weeks, with soil application up to 8 weeks. The long term of activity of the active substance allows you to be sure that a new generation of harmful insects that have emerged from eggs is guaranteed to fall under the action of the drug. There is no need for additional processing.

Spraying the working solution of Aktara must be carried out using personal protective equipment. The drug is very toxic to bees, toxic to fish, birds and animals.

Shelf life in the original packaging is 4 years. Storage of the working solution is not allowed.

After treatment, it is necessary to carefully dispose of the remains of the drug, containers and water, which was used to wash the sprayer and auxiliary equipment.

I advise you to use Aktara only in case of severe damage to the plant by a pest and on early dates vegetation. Due to the strong toxicity of the drug, the flower itself often dies along with harmful insects, especially for indoor plants that do not have high natural immunity.

Nurell-D, Bi-58, Bi-58 New

Nurell_D, Bi-58

In the garden, during the beginning of the growing season of plants, in the event of the appearance of pests and basic treatments, I advise you to use Nurell-D or Bi-58.

They provide effective protection from the apple, plum, pear codling moth, leafworm (not all types), tube roller, cherry fly, plum torsopod, aphids, spider mites eastern codling moth and fruit sawflies.

They are also distinguished high efficiency effects on mites resistant to organophosphorus compounds.

Nurell-D, Bi-58, Bi-58 New is quickly absorbed by plants, so frequent spring rains will not reduce the effectiveness of the product. The preparations have long half-lives of the active active substance, and do not depend on temperature regimes.

When using these chemicals, special care must be taken to ensure that children and pets do not get into the treated flowers.

Preparations are very dangerous for inhabitants of reservoirs and bees. Therefore, the treatment of garden plants must be carried out before the flowering period so that the active substance does not get into the nectar and pollen.

When spraying drugs, the use of personal protective equipment is mandatory.

Spraying can be carried out before and after flowering, a month before harvesting. 1-2 treatments of affected plants are enough.

Source: http://sadowody.ru/tsvety/obzor-insektitsidov.html

Insecticide drugs list

Every season, gardeners have to deal with insect pests that love to eat succulent plants and fruits.

You can protect your crop from such pests, their eggs and larvae with the help of insecticides - special chemicals that have a destructive effect on harmful insects and their offspring.

The toxic substances that make up insecticides have a detrimental effect on the population of insect pests in different ways, depending on the main active ingredient.

Insecticide preparations are classified in detail and carefully depending on the chemical composition, on the method of penetration into the body of the insect, on the spectrum of effects and their direct purpose. Let's take a closer look at the insecticidal agents of each of these species and find out which insects they are effective against.

Classification of insecticides
by chemical composition

Chemical insecticides are obtained by the synthesis of organic substances, they are toxic, poisonous to insects, penetrating through the cuticular covers, as well as through the digestive system when the pest feeds on plants treated with insecticides. The most popular types of chemical compounds are organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids. Let's take a closer look at each type.

Organochlorine

Organochlorine compounds (OCs) are produced by chlorination of liquid hydrocarbons. Preparations allow you to fight many pests: grain, vegetable and industrial crops, as well as pests of trees and shrubs.

The release form is powders and oil emulsions, the most common varieties are DDT, HCBD, DDD, HCCH, heptachlor, PCP, PCA and aldrin. COS are poorly soluble in water, well soluble in fats and oils, their level of chemical resistance is high.

COS, penetrating the body of the pest, affects the nervous system, damages it, causes paralysis. The death of the insect occurs within 7 days.

Organochlorine insecticides have a high degree of destruction of most types of pests, but have a significant drawback - they are too toxic, harming both humans and the environment. Now they are trying to replace this type of insecticides with safer drugs, thereby displacing it from the arsenal of gardeners.

Phosphorus organic

Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are ether alcohols of orthophosphoric acid, which are characterized by a selective effect on insects. The most popular preparations of organophosphate insecticides are Fufanon, Dichlorvos, Karbofos, Fozalon.

The advantages of FOS are their effectiveness in the destruction of many pests, including ticks, fast action, low consumption, drugs often have a systemic effect, do not accumulate in the human or animal body when accidentally ingested.

As a disadvantage, one can single out the high toxicity of drugs for humans and animals; when working with FOS, strict adherence to safety rules is necessary, as well as the emergence of resistant generations of pests with regular use for a long time.

Important! It is necessary to treat with insecticidal preparations the plants affected by the pest, as well as those areas in which there is a high probability of its occurrence.

pyrethroids

Pyrethroids are highly effective derivatives of the natural substance pyrethrum, its action is aimed at damaging the nervous system of pests and disrupting the passage of nerve impulses. The most popular pyrethroids are Fastak, Decis, Fas, Arrivo, Kotrin. The advantages include: selective toxicity that does not affect warm-blooded animals, incl.

human, the possibility of using at low ambient temperatures and long-term retention of the drug on plants. Disadvantages of pyrethroids - do not destroy pests hiding in secluded places, and prolonged use will cause resistance to the drug in insects.

Important! Work with any insecticide should be carried out in a gauze bandage, gloves and a work coat.

Classification of insecticides according to the method of penetration into the body

According to the method of penetration into the body of the pest, insecticides are divided into intestinal, contact and systemic. However, some drugs are able to combine penetration routes to get rid of insects.

Contact

Contact insecticides are able to penetrate into the body of an insect by external contact of the pest's body with a plant whose surface contains a poisonous drug. Contact preparations are effective for a week, precipitation washes away the active substance, and its effect may stop more quickly.

The advantage is the rapid destroying action after spraying the plant affected by pests. Disadvantages of preparations of this type: no effect on larvae existing in buds and buds, and untreated parts of plants are absolutely not protected from insects, therefore careful spraying of all ground vegetation is required.

Popular preparations are "Apollo", "Karate" and "Oberon".

Intestinal

Insecticides of intestinal action have a special characteristic: when they enter the digestive system of an insect, they affect it from the inside, causing rapid death. Effective against gnawing pests that eat treated plants.

Among gardeners, contact-intestinal insecticides are popular - this is a product of the agrochemical industry with a combined effect on an insect - through the skin in contact with a treated plant, and also poisoning it when the pest eats the leaves and stems of the plant, into the cells of which a poisonous substance penetrates. The disadvantage is the dependence of the drug on the level of quality of processing plantings. Contact-intestinal insecticides such as Akarin, Bankol, Decis, Confidor and Calypso are often used in pest control.

Systemic

Systemic insecticides are characterized by the ability to quickly penetrate into the vascular system of the treated plant and move along it to all ground parts. This type of insecticide affects insects that live in the tissues of the plant, as well as individuals that feed on the treated plant, destroying them.

The main advantage of the drug is its independent effectiveness from precipitation, since the poisonous substance is stored in the plant at the cellular level, and not on the surface. The most popular systemic drugs are Biotlin, Mospilan and Prestige.

Important! Complete elimination of insecticides will reduce yields by up to 20-35%, as opposed to the 95% yield level with pesticides. Classification of insecticides according to the spectrum of action

Classification of insecticides
according to the spectrum of action

continuous action

Insecticides continuous action- it chemicals control of several types of various pests. This type of preparation is used for the effective simultaneous destruction of various insects.

electoral action

Selective insecticides are used to control a specific pest.

For the convenience of gardeners and agricultural workers, groups of preparations were developed, divided according to their production purpose - they differ in chemical structure and the nature of the effect on the insect's body. The main types of industrial preparations are attractants, pheromones, insectoacaricides, ovicides, aphicides and repellents.

Attractants and pheromones

Attractants and pheromones are drugs that attract pests to special traps with their smell. This type of insecticide allows the mass destruction of insects after they are caught.

Pheromones are a product of the synthesis of substances that lure individuals of the opposite sex. Attractants act on the food receptors of an insect that, in search of aromatic food, falls into a trap.

Gaseous attractants lure with a specific smell of small flying insects.

Insectoacaricides

Insectoacaricides are chemical and biological agents designed to kill harmful insects and mites. Insectoacaricide, when exposed to a pest, paralyzes it, after which the insect dies. A significant drawback - the accumulation of toxic substances in the human body has a negative effect on the central nervous system.

Ovicides

Ovicides can have a detrimental effect on the eggs of various pests, which are one of the most stable stages in the development of an insect and a tick. Poisonous components penetrate the egg shell and destroy the insect embryo. This type of insecticide is not lethal to other stages of development and life of the pest.

Aficides

Aficides are chemical compounds that destroy aphid populations. This type of insecticide has intestinal, contact and systemic effects on aphids and some other sucking pests. Aficides are poorly soluble in water, and in organic solvents - well

Larvicides

Larvicides are drugs that have a detrimental effect on the larval stages of insect development, while other stages are practically not affected by its harmful effect. The larva or caterpillar of the pest, eating a plant treated with larvicide, dies after a while from the toxic substances of the drug. Pests at the early larval stage are most susceptible to the action of this type of insecticide.

Repellents

Repellents are products that repel pests from plants and prevent them from eating garden and garden crops. A repellent can be either a chemical compound or a specific plant, which, with its smell, will protect cultivated plantings from harmful insects.

It makes sense to use repellents for preventive purposes at the slightest likelihood of plant damage by pests.

Currently, broad-spectrum insecticides are presented in a large assortment in specialized stores.

With their help garden or country cottage area will generously give you a harvest without significant effort and financial costs.

We have in the country small garden, but this year he did not please with a harvest. The leaves were curling on the apple trees, the plums were wormy, and there was nothing to say about peaches at all. Of course, they themselves are largely to blame, since they were sick and often could not come to process trees. We hope that next season health will not fail and it will be possible to save the harvest. Please provide a list of the most effective garden preparations from the field of insecticides. I would like to get rid of pests.

Pest control plays an important role in horticulture. Even with proper care, horticultural crops are often attacked by harmful insects that have come from the neighboring area. They not only eat the leaves, depriving the plants of food, but also spoil the future harvest.

In order to protect the garden and take care of the future harvest of fruits and berries, it is necessary to process plantings for prevention in a timely manner and start destroying them for another early stages until they start breeding. Today there is very big choice insecticides, and the list of preparations for the garden can be listed for a very long time.

From the practice of gardeners, some of the most effective insecticides are:

• Akarin;
• Engio;
• Decis;
• Calypso.

Whatever preparation is used, it is important to remember that the treatment of trees and shrubs must be stopped before harvesting, otherwise it becomes unsuitable and dangerous for consumption. The timing of the last treatment depends on the specific insecticide: some products can be applied up to 3 days before harvesting, while others - no later than two weeks before harvesting.

Akarin

A biological preparation that has a double effect both in direct contact with insects and when they eat leaves. Maximum efficiency is achieved in hot weather, while it is completely washed off during rain.

The leaves are sprayed on both sides with a working solution, the concentration of which depends on the particular pest. From 2 to 6 ml of insecticide is added to 1 liter of water.

The advantage of Acarin is its rapid decomposition - after 3 days, fruits or berries can be eaten.

Engio

Systemic contact insecticide with long-term protection (up to 20 days after treatment). For spraying, dilute 1 package (3.6 ml) in a bucket of water. Two sprays are enough per season.

Of the advantages of the drug is that when it enters the soil, it also penetrates into root system protecting it from pests.

Decis

Effective against most pests, as well as their larvae. Valid for two weeks without accumulating in the ground. During the season, two treatments are carried out before flowering, diluting 1 g of insecticide in a bucket of water.

We recommend ordering insecticide treatment of the garden in the Lenotre-Park landscape workshop by filling out the form feedback or by calling the given phone number. Working with these preparations requires special education, experience, effective equipment, knowledge of safety regulations, which our company's specialists are fully aware of. We provide maintenance of gardens in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Insecticides are chemicals that are used to kill insects at all stages of their development. The name of this group of drugs comes from two Latin words - "insectum" and "caedo", which means "insect" and "kill". Thanks to the use of chemicals, it is possible to achieve more generous harvests, since pests do not destroy the buds, branches, leaves and fruits of fruit trees.

Classification of insecticides

Insecticides are classified according to:

• principle of pest extermination;
• nature of entry into the body;
• pest control mechanism.

Each of the listed groups combines various chemicals, knowledge of the characteristics of which can help a person choose the right remedy for pest control that “occupied” his particular garden.

Classification of drugs according to the principle of destruction of the object

On this basis, chemical agents for combating garden pests are divided into:

• attractants. This group of preparations includes baits for traps, with the help of which insects are lured out of their usual habitat and then destroyed. The action of traps is based on the effect on the behavioral reflexes of pests;
• sterilizers. Substances belonging to this group lead to a reduction in the number of insects by depriving adults of the opportunity to reproduce. However, already existing pests are not destroyed by sterilizing preparations;
• aphicides. This line of products is designed exclusively to combat various types of aphids;
• pheromones. These agents, like attractants, are baits for traps, but, unlike the latter, they affect the endocrine system of insects;
• Afidants. This group combines substances that affect the appetite of insects. So, the pest first loses its appetite, and later completely the ability to eat;
• repellents- drugs that repel insects from the plants they feed on;
• insectoacaricides. Preparations of this group are necessary for the fight against adult insects;
• ovicides. With the help of these funds, pest eggs are destroyed, thereby reducing the number of larvae, and consequently, adult insects;
• larvicides- substances that destroy insect larvae without affecting adult pests and eggs laid by their females;

Garden treatment with insecticides

Classification by the nature of penetration

Insecticides can enter the body of pests in various ways, depending on which they are divided into the following types:

• contact. Preparations of this group penetrate into the body of the pest through the outer integument. These products are effective against insects, whose body is covered with a soft outer layer of skin (cuticle), as well as caterpillars. Among the drugs of this group, ripcord, karbofos, metaphos, arrivo, tsinoff and others should be noted;
• fumigants. This group includes agents that enter the body of the pest through the respiratory tract. The best known fumigants are chloropicrin, phosphine, and bromomethyl;
• intestinal. Drops of substances belonging to this group are eaten by the pest along with leaves or fruits of trees, after which the drug is absorbed into the intestine, spreading throughout the body of the insect. The best known intestinal poison is chlorophos;
• systemic. Insecticides of this variety are first mixed with plant sap, and then they destroy pests, both those that live on leaves or branches, and those “hidden” inside the fruit. The basis of most systemic drugs is imidacloprid.

Classification of insecticides according to the mechanism of action on the insect

Different types of insecticides destroy insects by affecting a specific system of their body. Depending on the mechanism of action, drugs are divided into those that:

• disrupt the functioning of the nervous system, preventing the passage of a nerve impulse in the body of an insect. Preparations of this group are represented by derivatives of hydrocarbons and pyrethroids;
• slow down the production of neuroregulatory enzymes. We are talking about carbamates and organophosphorus compounds;
• block postsynaptic receptors (cells that receive signals from nerve or muscle cells). Among the drugs of this group, neonicotinoids, avermectins and phenylperazoles should be noted;
• depress breathing. These substances include phenazakhine and pyridaben;
• stop the synthesis of chitin - an element necessary for the formation of the outer integument;
• have a general toxic effect on the insect.

Bioinsecticides: what are these drugs and how do they affect insects?

Bioinsecticides are preparations for ridding plants of pests. These agents consist of microorganisms, their spores and exotoxins produced by microbial cultures. Bioinsecticides are separated into a separate group for the reason that they have several advantages over chemicals, namely: not toxic to plants, do not harm bees and warm-blooded.

Bioinsecticides are available in powder form and have long term storage. They are divided into fungal, viral and bacterial. Bioinsecticides penetrate into the body of insects with food, after which they are absorbed into the intestine, disrupting its function. This leads to a reduction in the amount of food consumed by the pest and suppression of RNA synthesis in its cells. For destruction garden pests with bioinsecticides, it takes 5-7 days.

Degrees of danger of insecticides

Insecticides have a negative impact on humans, as they can have varying levels of toxicity, embryotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Depending on these and a number of other characteristics insecticides are divided into 4 groups according to their degree of danger, namely:

1. extremely dangerous. Preparations of this class can only be used for the destruction of pests in rooms where fruit was stored;
2. highly dangerous. This class includes preparations made on the basis of fenthion. Modern stores don't have them;
3. moderately dangerous. Preparations of this particular group can most often be bought in modern specialized stores. The most well-known moderately dangerous drugs are pyrethrins, as well as organophosphorus compounds such as morin, karbofos and others. Preparations belonging to this class are not toxic to warm-blooded animals, but are capable of destroying bees;
4. not dangerous. Means of this group are made on the basis of avermectin and quickly (no more than 7 days) are destroyed in natural conditions, which makes them excellent for spraying fruit trees.

Features of the treatment of fruit trees with insecticides

To achieve the maximum effect from the use of insecticides, it is necessary to know some features of their use. So, it is best to spray the trees in the evening, while it is important that the weather is dry and calm. Before use, "adhesive substances" should be added to the solution of chemicals, which will prevent the agent from draining from the surfaces of leaves and branches. When spraying plants, it is necessary to ensure that the solution is evenly distributed not only on the upper, but also on the underside of the leaves, since pests settle on different parts trees and shrubs. For the most uniform treatment of plants, spraying should be carried out at a distance of 50-70 cm from them.

Before using a particular chemical preparation, it is important to carefully read the instructions and adhere to the consumption rates, the frequency of processing and the compatibility of the products given in it.

Treatment of trees with insecticides should be carried out at the time of the most vulnerable stage of insect development - in early spring and a few days after flowering. If the trees were very strongly affected by pests and one or two treatments were not enough, then for further spraying you should not use the same preparation as for the previous ones. This is due to the fact that insects have the ability to get used to insecticides.

Protective clothing when using insecticides

Since all insecticides are more or less harmful to humans, it is important to follow certain safety rules when working with them, namely:

• wear overalls - gloves, gown, headgear. When using especially dangerous means, you should also wear a respirator and goggles;
• avoid contact with insecticide solutions on the skin or mucous membranes of the nose, eyes, mouth;
• thoroughly clean hands, face and, if possible, the whole body after spraying trees;
• do not use the dishes in which it was chemical solution, for other purposes;
• work with insecticides without a break for no more than 1 hour.

What insecticides can be used against garden pests?

Chemical preparations for processing orchards should be chosen not only depending on the degree of their danger, but also on what pests they need to be destroyed with their help. So, the most common are the following insecticides:

• avant. It is used to destroy fruit leafworms and codling moths;
• agravertin. With the help of this drug, gardeners fight moths, aphids, leafworms, codling moths and sawflies;
• karbofos. A solution of this substance destroys psyllids, suckers, fruit mites and apple moth;
• apollo. The tool is used in the fight against fruit mites;
• decis pro. The drug is effective against orthoptera and beetle insects living in gardens;
• karate. An insecticide is used to kill gall mites.

It is worth noting that the range of chemicals listed above is not limited, in addition, new insecticides are constantly appearing. Therefore, when buying a means unfamiliar to you to combat this or that pest of the garden, it is important to carefully study the instructions attached to it.