The seeds contain fatty oil, mucus, vitamin A , protein substances, glycoside linamarin , organic acids and a number of other substances.

Release form

The seeds are round on one side and pointed on the other, flattened, unequal. Their surface is smooth and shiny; when viewed through a magnifying glass with 10x magnification, a light yellow seed ridge is clearly visible. The thickness of each of them is up to 3 mm, length - up to 6 mm.

The color of the seeds can vary from yellowish to deep brown. There is no smell. The aqueous extract has a mucous-oily taste.

The seeds are produced packaged in paper, polyethylene or polypropylene bags of 50, 75, 100 and 150 grams, one bag in a cardboard box.

pharmachologic effect

Herbal remedy for treatment And gastroesophageal reflux . Relieves inflammation and pain, envelops the digestive canal, causes a laxative effect.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics: beneficial properties of flax seeds

The medicinal properties of flax seeds are determined by the presence in their composition of the glycoside linamarin, fatty oil and mucus. Once in the digestive canal, these substances envelop it, thereby protecting the sensitive endings of the nerve fibers of the gastrointestinal mucosa from irritation and preventing the development of inflammatory processes (especially when gastric hypersecretion ).

Flaxseed oil is a source of PUFAs. From 55 to 70% of their total amount is linolenic (belongs to the ѡ-3 acids), another 10-20% is linoleic (belongs to the ѡ-6 acid class).

The ratio of ѡ-6 and ѡ-3 fatty acids in oil obtained from flax seeds is considered optimal for complete nutrition.

In addition, the product contains plant fiber, which helps cleanse the body and improve microflora. intestinal tract and normalization of digestion. The beneficial properties of white flax seed allow them to be used effectively for obesity and functional constipation.

The advisability of using an intestinal cleanser is due to the fact that when it enters the large intestine, the seeds continue to swell, loosening the feces and facilitating their passage.

Thanks to high concentration gluten (mucus), flax envelops, relieves pain and inflammation. These properties make it possible to use the herbal medicine not only for the stomach and intestines, but also for a number of diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Insoluble fiber from flax seeds reduces the absorption of toxins, which makes it possible to use the product to cleanse the body in case of various types of poisoning.

PUFAs contained in grains reduce the risk atherosclerotic vascular lesions . Their seedlings are shown at And , and also when . In addition, the plant allows you to restore work heart and blood vessels .

Indications for use

The use of flax seeds is indicated to reduce irritation due to ulcerative And inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract : including when , stomach ulcer , esophagitis , enteritis , etc. In addition, the seeds are prescribed as a remedy for .

Externally used for treatment burns And inflammatory skin diseases .

A decoction of flax seeds is used to reduce weight and maintain slimness. The use of ground seed is indicated in the postoperative period to strengthen and preventing the development of inflammation.

Flaxseed lignans in the colon they are biotransformed into active phytoestrogens, which maintain hormonal balance and prevent the development hormone-dependent tumors . This property allows the herbal medicine to be used for cancer prevention.

Benefits and contraindications of flax seeds

Flax seed: benefits and harm

The product is a source of essential compounds and fatty acids, including those that the human body is not able to produce on its own.

Amino acids protect cell membranes, preventing the penetration of harmful agents into the intracellular space and providing access nutrients into cells.

Regular consumption of grains helps reduce concentration and helps prevent recurrence .

Plant fibers, which are large quantities present in grains, increase the volume of feces, and the fatty oil they contain softens them and facilitates bowel movements.

The oil may be useful in treating some kidney diseases , diabetes , hypertension , .

However, it should be remembered that taking more than 50 grams of raw seeds per day can lead to poisoning. The optimal daily dose for an adult is no more than 2 tablespoons of seeds (or oil from them). It is forbidden to take the drug in long courses.

The seeds are usually drunk in a two-week course, then a break is taken for 2 weeks. According to this scheme, treatment can be continued for up to 4 months. Then you must take a break of at least a month.

Flax seed: benefits for women

Benefits of flax seeds for female body huge. In addition to the fact that this remedy promotes gentle cleansing of the intestines, normalization of the digestive tract and weight, it also inhibits oxidation processes, thus slowing down the aging of the body and allowing you to preserve the beauty of your skin, nails and hair.

The seeds contain a rare and very valuable element - selenium , which takes part in the formation of proteins, enhances immune defense, supports normal liver function, and promotes the removal of heavy metal ions from the body, including cadmium And arsenic . In addition, the microelement is a powerful carcinostatic agent.

It is very important that selenium in the seeds is present in a form that is easily digestible by the body.

Features of use and contraindications

Absolute contraindications for Flax Seed:

• individual intolerance;
• aggravated ;
• dyspeptic symptoms;
• intestinal obstruction.

The seeds and their oil should not be consumed when And , peptic ulcer , , hepatitis , .

Seed is contraindicated for any pathology of the intestines and esophagus, while this ban does not apply to oil.

There are a number of diseases for which the seeds and oil from them cannot be taken, but an infusion or decoction is recommended. Raw grains are shown at diseases of the heart and blood vessels , which are characterized increased level cholesterol . In the same cases when blood predominates triglycerides , but not cholesterol , the patient is advised to use a decoction.

Decoction or jelly is also prescribed for a number of inflammatory and functional bowel diseases, in which it is prohibited to take oil and raw grains (for example, with irritable bowel syndrome or nonspecific ulcerative colitis ).

Side effects

Hypersensitivity reactions. Sometimes nausea may occur; on initial stage Treatment may result in mushy stools.

Instructions for use: how to take Flax Seeds?

How to use Flax Seeds?

The mucus of flaxseeds or seeds pre-soaked in water are used internally.

At ulcerative and inflammatory lesions of the digestive canal mucus is taken 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals, 50 ml per dose. Treatment is continued for 2 to 3 weeks.

Flax seed for constipation is taken 2 or 3 times a day, 1-3 teaspoons, washed down with plenty of water (at least a glass).

At constipation You can also use an infusion of the seed. To do this, pour 200 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of whole grains, wrap and leave for at least 4 hours. The medicine is drunk at night, without straining, one glass at a time.

The effect of use develops within 24 hours.

For burns and a number of skin diseases, the product is used externally in the form of a poultice.

Colon cleansing with flax seeds

Cleansing of the body is carried out with an infusion of flaxseed in sunflower oil. To prepare it, 100 grams of beans crushed in a coffee grinder are poured into 0.25 liters of unrefined cold-pressed oil and the resulting mixture is left in a dark place for a week (while the product is infused, it must be shaken periodically).

The finished medicine is taken for 10 days, a tablespoon three times a day, half an hour to an hour before meals. Before use, the mixture should be shaken well until it becomes homogeneous.

The effect usually appears on the 7th day of taking the infusion, in some cases later. During the treatment period, the diet should consist of fish, vegetables and fruits; flour, alcohol and sugar should be excluded (sugar can be replaced with natural honey and fruit).

Infusion on vegetable oil contraindicated in cholelithiasis , hepatitis , as well as with aggravated chronic pancreatitis . In these cases, the use of tincture in water may be recommended.

To prepare the medicine, pour 200 boiling water over 1 teaspoon of seeds and infuse them for at least 2 hours (for better effect It is recommended to leave the infusion in a thermos for the whole day).

You need to drink the infusion 1 glass per day (without straining). The course lasts from 2 to 3 weeks.

How to eat flax seeds and their oil: additional recommendations

To improve its absorption, it is recommended to take flaxseed oil with food or drinks: kefir, juice, yogurt, cottage cheese and other products.

Ground grains in mandatory should be taken with plenty of liquid (at least 250 ml per tablespoon). Otherwise, when they swell, they can provoke a violation of the patency of the digestive canal.

How to brew seeds to make mucus?

To prepare mucus, pour 1.5 teaspoons of medicinal raw material into 200 ml of hot boiled water, stir for 15 minutes, strain, and squeeze out the seeds.

Application in cosmetology: what are the benefits of flax seeds for hair and facial skin?

The use of flaxseeds, as well as oil and flour from them, allows you to cope with a number of cosmetic problems and give your skin and hair a healthy, radiant look.

External use of flax preparations, as well as taking the seeds internally, helps against acne, wounds and ulcers. Flour is used in the form of a facial scrub, as well as as part of various masks.

To prepare a flax face mask, pour a tablespoon of flour into 0.5 cups of water and, with vigorous stirring, bring the mixture to a boil. The paste is applied to the face warm. To enhance the effect, you can add a little hemp oil to the mask.

To prepare a mask for dry skin, boil 2 tbsp in 2 glasses of water until mushy. spoons of grains. The mass, cooled to warm, is applied to the face through a layer of gauze. Wash it off warm water, then rinse your face with cold water. If dilated blood vessels are visible on the face, the mask should be cool and should also be washed off with cool water.

At oily skin A mask with the addition of oatmeal is effective. To prepare it, mix a teaspoon of grains with a teaspoon of oatmeal. The mixture is poured with milk (fresh). When the ingredients swell, the paste is applied to the face.

To give the mask nutritional properties, add 2 tbsp. You can add 1 tbsp to tablespoons of flaxseed mucilage. spoon of heavy cream, sour cream or butter. This mask can be applied to the delicate skin around the eyes.

Flax seeds for hair are used in the form of masks. To strengthen your hair, give it a healthy shine and volume, add 2 tbsp. spoons of whole seeds 0.5 cups of boiling water and then beat the resulting mass in a blender.

The mask is applied to the hair and scalp while warm. After the paste is completely distributed, the hair is covered with film and a towel. You can wash it off after 2 hours. The frequency of the procedure is 2 times a week.

Reviews of flax-based masks are impressive: almost all the girls who used the mucus for their face and hair noted that their hair became healthier, stronger and more manageable, and their skin was cleared of acne and blackheads.

Recipes based on flaxseed

To prepare a vitamin cocktail, grind 1 tbsp. spoon of grains and combine them in a blender with 1 teaspoon of flaxseed oil and a glass of carrot juice. Before drinking, the cocktail is allowed to mature for 5 minutes.

When coughing 3 tbsp. spoons of seeds are poured into 0.3 liters of boiling water, shake well and after 10 minutes add 1.5 teaspoons of anise seeds, 5 teaspoons of licorice and honey (400 g). The mixture is stirred, boiled for 5 minutes and filtered. The medicine is drunk a quarter glass 3 times a day before meals.

At gastritis 20 g of seeds are poured into 1 liter of water, left for 5-6 hours, filtered and taken 0.5 cups before meals.

Flax seed for weight loss: recipes and contraindications

Flax seeds for weight loss can be taken whole, washed down with kefir, or in the form of decoctions and jelly.

To prepare the decoction, 1 tbsp. spoons of grains are poured with 2 glasses of water and cooked for 2 hours under a lid over low heat. The drug is taken 3 times a day, 0.5 cups (an hour before meals) for 10 days. Then they take a break for 10 days and repeat the course again.

If you believe the reviews, remove a few extra pounds helps. Following it, drink ground grains once a day, mixing them with 0.5 cups of kefir. For 1 week they are taken with kefir 1 teaspoon, for 2 weeks - 2, for 3 weeks - 3 teaspoons.

Another way to use flax seeds for weight loss is in the form of jelly. To prepare it, 2 tbsp. spoons of grains are poured into a thermos with a liter of boiling water, left for 1.5-2 hours and then filtered. Take jelly 2 times a day, half a glass, an hour before meals. If desired, you can add honey to it (1 teaspoon).

Raw grains are contraindicated for pancreatitis , , gallstone And peptic ulcers ,irritable bowel syndrome .

The product stimulates the leaching of sand and stones from the kidneys, as well as the passage of stones from the gall bladder. Therefore, before drinking flax preparations, you should make sure that there are no stones in the gallbladder and find out the number of stones in the kidneys and their sizes.

Flax seeds during pregnancy

The use of flaxseed is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

For modern cooks, flax seeds are a real exotic, which appears on the table only when the housewife decides that it’s time to make the family’s diet not only tasty, but also healthy. After all, everyone around says that flax gets rid of extra pounds, helps maintain health and even treats some diseases...

But is this true? Do flax seeds really have the qualities attributed to them? Or are there still some pitfalls here?

Oddly enough, all questions can be answered in the affirmative. Because flaxseed is both an excellent means for losing weight, and a most valuable healing product, and potential threat for human health (if used incorrectly and for certain diseases).

This means that only you can clearly determine whether flaxseed is worth consuming for you (after consulting with your family doctor). However, we are convinced that when it comes to flax seeds, any contraindications can be circumvented with the help of safe “dosages”. However, it's up to you...

Chemical composition of flax seeds

Beneficial properties of flax seeds

The main benefit of flaxseed is that it contains a lot of water-soluble fiber (mucus), linolenic acid (omega-3) and lignans. In addition, flax is rich in B vitamins (especially B1). Which is very important for carbohydrate metabolism in the body, because without a sufficient amount of vitamin B1, our body is not able to fully absorb sugars, including natural ones.

The benefit of water-soluble fiber (mucus), which is part of flaxseed, is manifested in the fact that it is a kind of healing “balm” that can envelop the walls of the stomach and all parts of the intestines, thereby preventing its excessive irritation. At the same time, insoluble fiber can calmly do its “dirty” job - perform a rough cleaning of the gastrointestinal tract from all kinds of debris and toxins.

By the way, water-soluble fiber protects and cleanses not only the intestines, but also the blood, expelling excess cholesterol from it.

As for lignans, these phenolic compounds are natural plant hormones that have the same effects on the human body as fiber and antioxidants combined. They cleanse and protect blood vessels from atherosclerotic plaques and all kinds of damage, which are the main causes of heart attacks and strokes.

Lignans neutralize special enzymes produced by the liver during digestion harmful products. If these enzymes are not blocked, then they are quite capable of causing the formation of malignant tumors over time. According to scientific research, flax lignans absolutely reduce the likelihood of developing prostate, colon and breast cancer.

On top of that, thanks to lignans, flax is indicated for women in menopause (only 2 tablespoons per day), because it halves the intensity of hot flashes and also significantly reduces their frequency. True, this effect is not observed in everyone, but it’s still worth a try...

And finally, omega-3 fatty alpha-linolenic acid is a kind of metabolic “accelerator” that reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, linolenic acid treats arthritis, skin diseases (eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis), and reduces the number and intensity of inflammatory processes in the body.

Among other things, flax seeds are beneficial for such diseases and conditions as:

• Constipation
• Flatulence
• Gastrointestinal ulcers
• Inflammation of the kidneys and bladder
• Bronchopulmonary diseases
• Heavy metal poisoning

It is also noteworthy that the amino acid composition of flaxseed is almost identical amino acid composition soy and meat. Which automatically elevates it to the category of vital important elements human nutrition.

A safe dose of flax seeds is up to 50 grams (about three tablespoons). If there are no allergies or contraindications. At the same time, you should drink more, because beneficial features Flax fibers are activated only with a sufficient amount of liquid.

Contraindications to the use of flax seeds

• Exacerbations of gastrointestinal diseases (ulcers, colitis)
• acute phase of pancreatitis
• acute cholecystitis
• diarrhea
• the presence of stones in the gallbladder or bladder

In these cases, it is really worth waiting for the situation to stabilize. After which the flax can be eaten. To begin with, half a teaspoon (2-3 grams), and then add 2-3 grams every week up to the recommended serving of 50 grams (depending on how you feel).

Flax seeds for weight loss

Unfortunately, flaxseed does not burn fat directly. Moreover, the seeds of this plant sometimes contain up to 50% oil.

However, a high-quality composition helps speed up metabolism, which in turn leads to faster conversion of fat into energy. The main thing is to at least slightly reduce your calorie intake.

However, in addition to speeding up metabolism, flax also perfectly rids the body of toxins and waste. And this is a direct path to weight loss and health.

Use of flax seeds in cooking

Most often, flax seeds are found in baked goods. However, this option for culinary use of flaxseed is not the most correct. Because under the influence high temperatures healthy unsaturated fats can easily turn into carcinogenic poison.

However, flax can be added anywhere. The main thing is that you like it...

Flax seeds, whose calorie content, vitamin and chemical composition makes them incredibly healthy, have long been used as a product aimed at healing and rejuvenating the body. Flax seeds are used as a dietary supplement due to their beneficial properties that provide beneficial influence on the functioning of organs and systems.

Useful composition

The calorie content of flaxseed is 492 kcal per 100 g of product. Flax seeds may have different way production, therefore, how many calories are in flax seeds for each type may have a different indicator.

Usually, cold method without refining, it helps to preserve all the existing beneficial properties of flax seeds, the chemical composition of which has the following indicators in 100 g of fresh product:

• proteins - 18.3 g;
• fats - 42.2 g;
• carbohydrates - 28.9 g;

Flaxseed also contains:

• amino acids;
• fatty acids - saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated acids;
• natural sugar;
• phytosterols;
• slime;
• starch;
• glycosides;
• esters;
• alimentary fiber.

Flax seeds, the chemical composition of which is very rich, looks like this:

Vitamin indicator

Flax seeds have a rich vitamin composition:

1. Vitamin A - helps maintain normal digestive and respiratory system, plays a major role in the formation of the skeleton.
2. Vitamin E (tocopherol) - affects the body’s reproductive system and takes an active part in the process of tissue respiration. Tocopherol is an antioxidant that blocks the aging process of the body and helps maintain the elasticity and smoothness of the skin.
3. Vitamin F is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a positive effect on anti-inflammatory and antihistamine processes, affects spermogenesis, and improves immune system and promotes rapid restoration of the skin after wounds. When combined with vitamin D, it promotes the assimilation of calcium and phosphorus, which affects the condition of bone tissue.
4. B vitamins help convert proteins, carbohydrates and fats into energy, improving metabolic processes, participate in the synthesis of antibodies, and influence healing processes. Promote the formation of red blood cells, affect the condition nervous system.
5. Vitamin C in flaxseed has a positive effect on redox processes and is a powerful antioxidant.

Key Benefits of Flax Seed

Chemical composition flaxseed gives this product a large number of advantages and advantages over other types of plants:

1. Flax seed contains non-digestible fiber, which helps cleanse the intestines. This frees the body from accumulated toxins and makes it possible to stabilize food digestion processes. It is the seed type of flax that has active absorbent properties.
2. The fatty acids contained in flax seeds protect the heart and brain, preventing the development of age-related diseases of the cardiovascular system and resisting brain weakness. The complex of Omega fatty acids - 3,6 and 9 has a beneficial effect on the condition of the joints, helps speed up the processes of restoration of cartilage tissue and weaken the inflammatory process that occurs in it.
3. The presence of lignans, hormone-like substances, in flaxseed helps reduce the risk of breast cancer in women.
4. The well-known drug “Linetol” is obtained from flax seed - a therapeutic and prophylactic agent against atherosclerosis, which also has wound-healing properties.

Composition of flax used in medicine

Modern pharmacology, thanks to this useful product, has enriched the range of medications based on flaxseed. Doctors and patients note high level medicinal properties medicines that include flax seed, which has an enveloping, softening, laxative, expectorant, wound-healing, and anti-inflammatory effect.

Due to the fact that flax seed has an effect that disrupts the absorption of cholesterol, bile acids bind to polyunsaturated fatty acids. This mechanism helps compete for bile acid with cholesterol.

The seeds contain phytosterols, which also inhibit the absorption of harmful cholesterol from the digestive canal.

Flaxseeds processed into oil have a beneficial effect on bile excretion processes, which in turn, due to the binding of cholesterol by fatty acids, helps remove it from the body faster.

The calorie content of flaxseed can serve well for those who do not consume fish products and completely switched to a vegetarian diet, as well as for those who are on a diet for the purpose of losing weight.

When flax seeds are soaked in water, they swell and a mucous composition is formed, which envelops the inflamed mucous membranes and helps soften the aggressive effect of irritants on them. Mucus helps with colitis, gastrointestinal ulcers, and gastritis. Once in the stomach, mucus reduces juice secretion due to its astringent effect. Upon contact with hydrochloric acid the coagulation process occurs in the stomach, which makes it possible to create protective layer on its mucosa and at the same time neutralize part of the free acid.

The mucus of the seed is used for drinking, douching and as a local treatment for wounds and abscesses.

You should not overuse flaxseed, as in addition to its benefits, it can cause harm if used incorrectly.

Flax seed contains the cyanogenic glycoside Linimarin, which negatively affects the process of glucose perception by the human body, therefore suffering diabetes mellitus Flax seeds should be avoided. When decomposed, this substance breaks down into glucose, acetone and hydrocyanic acid, which is hazardous to health.

Flax seed should be consumed with caution by pregnant women, patients with gastritis and stomach ulcers. People who have problems with the functioning of the gallbladder should not get carried away with their use. People who have kidney stones should avoid this product.

Remember: only a gastroenterologist can approve or prohibit the use of flaxseed.

"Sea buckthorn - the pantry of the Sun" is a health library that contains best recipes traditional medicine, healing properties are described medicinal herbs And medicinal plants, the secrets of medicinal folk remedies and the recipe for herbal preparations and mixtures is given. A separate section of the library is dedicated. It describes the symptoms of major diseases and ailments, provides recommendations from experts on herbal treatment of various diseases and diseases, and systematizes extensive knowledge of traditional medicine, herbal medicine and herbal medicine. The most popular medicinal plants, as well as a description of vitamins, vital micro- and macroelements are highlighted in a separate section. In addition, the site contains materials used both in traditional medicine and those used in homeopathic practice. Additionally, you will be able to read on-line or on traditional and alternative medicine, reference literature about useful and healing properties medicinal plants, medical encyclopedic publications, advice from traditional healers, herbalists. Due to numerous requests from our readers, a section has been opened and the opportunity to rate it has been given.

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Flax seeds rich in vitamins and minerals such as: vitamin B1 - 109.6%, choline - 15.7%, vitamin B5 - 19.7%, vitamin B6 - 23.7%, vitamin B9 - 21.8%, vitamin PP - 15.4%, potassium - 32.5%, calcium - 25.5%, magnesium - 98%, phosphorus - 80.3%, iron - 31.8%, manganese - 124.1%, copper - 122%, selenium - 46.2%, zinc - 36.2%

What are the benefits of flax seeds?

• Vitamin B1 is part of the most important enzymes of carbohydrate and energy metabolism, providing the body with energy and plastic substances, as well as the metabolism of branched amino acids. A lack of this vitamin leads to serious disorders of the nervous, digestive and cardiovascular systems.
• Kholin is part of lecithin, plays a role in the synthesis and metabolism of phospholipids in the liver, is a source of free methyl groups, and acts as a lipotropic factor.
• Vitamin B5 participates in protein, fat, carbohydrate metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, the synthesis of a number of hormones, hemoglobin, promotes the absorption of amino acids and sugars in the intestines, supports the function of the adrenal cortex. A lack of pantothenic acid can lead to damage to the skin and mucous membranes.
• Vitamin B6 participates in maintaining the immune response, processes of inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system, in the transformation of amino acids, the metabolism of tryptophan, lipids and nucleic acids, promotes the normal formation of red blood cells, maintaining normal levels of homocysteine ​​in the blood. Insufficient intake of vitamin B6 is accompanied by decreased appetite, impaired skin condition, and the development of homocysteinemia and anemia.
• Vitamin B9 as a coenzyme they participate in the metabolism of nucleic acids and amino acids. Folate deficiency leads to disruption of the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, resulting in inhibition of cell growth and division, especially in rapidly proliferating tissues: bone marrow, intestinal epithelium, etc. Insufficient folate intake during pregnancy is one of the causes of prematurity, malnutrition, and congenital deformities and child development disorders. A strong relationship has been shown between folate and homocysteine ​​levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Vitamin PP participates in redox reactions of energy metabolism. Insufficient vitamin intake is accompanied by disorders normal condition skin, gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.
• Potassium is the main intracellular ion that takes part in the regulation of water, acid and electrolyte balance, participates in the processes of conducting nerve impulses and regulating pressure.
• Calcium is the main component of our bones, acts as a regulator of the nervous system, and is involved in muscle contraction. Calcium deficiency leads to demineralization of the spine, pelvic bones and lower extremities, increasing the risk of developing osteoporosis.
• Magnesium participates in energy metabolism, synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, has a stabilizing effect on membranes, and is necessary to maintain homeostasis of calcium, potassium and sodium. A lack of magnesium leads to hypomagnesemia, an increased risk of developing hypertension and heart disease.
• Phosphorus takes part in many physiological processes, including energy metabolism, regulates the acid-base balance, is part of phospholipids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, and is necessary for the mineralization of bones and teeth. Deficiency leads to anorexia, anemia, and rickets.
• Iron is part of proteins of various functions, including enzymes. Participates in the transport of electrons and oxygen, ensures the occurrence of redox reactions and activation of peroxidation. Insufficient consumption leads to hypochromic anemia, myoglobin deficiency atony of skeletal muscles, increased fatigue, myocardiopathy, and atrophic gastritis.
• Manganese participates in the formation of bone and connective tissue, is part of enzymes involved in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, catecholamines; necessary for the synthesis of cholesterol and nucleotides. Insufficient consumption is accompanied by slow growth, disturbances in reproductive system, increased fragility of bone tissue, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
• Copper is part of enzymes that have redox activity and are involved in iron metabolism, stimulates the absorption of proteins and carbohydrates. Participates in the processes of providing oxygen to the tissues of the human body. Deficiency is manifested by disturbances in the formation of cardio-vascular system and skeleton, the development of connective tissue dysplasia.
• Selenium- an essential element of the antioxidant defense system of the human body, has an immunomodulatory effect, participates in the regulation of the action of thyroid hormones. Deficiency leads to Kashin-Beck disease (osteoarthritis with multiple deformities of the joints, spine and limbs), Keshan disease (endemic myocardiopathy), and hereditary thrombasthenia.
• Zinc is part of more than 300 enzymes, participates in the processes of synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids and in the regulation of the expression of a number of genes. Insufficient consumption leads to anemia, secondary immunodeficiency, liver cirrhosis, sexual dysfunction, and the presence of fetal malformations. Research recent years The ability of high doses of zinc to disrupt the absorption of copper and thereby contribute to the development of anemia has been revealed.

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