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To ensure that sound can be reflected from the wall of the room and not be heard outside, a technique called sound insulation is used. Soundproofing insulation for sound insulating slabs helps prevent noise from penetrating outside the room. Typically, this characteristic directly depends on the thickness of the material - the wider the soundproofing barrier, the less likely it is to hear sound. Also, sound insulation is used in the construction of buildings and is measured in Dicibels. Normal indicators sound insulation characteristics from 52 to 60 dB. Soundproofing materials reflect sound, including brick, plasterboard, concrete and others.

Sound absorption

The main purpose of the above characteristic is to prevent sound from being reflected from the wall. In terms of their structure, soundproofing boards consist of fibers or cells. The noise absorption coefficient varies from 0 to 1. If it is zero, the sound is reflected into the room, and if there is one, the sound is completely absorbed by the material. Materials corresponding to a number of 0.5 and above have noise absorption characteristics. To be comfortable, a person should be in a room with a noise level of 25 dB, since with a lower coefficient he will feel oppressive silence, and with a higher coefficient he will complain of noise and headaches. A person can easily tolerate noise up to 60 dB, but higher volumes can have a detrimental effect on health. In order to protect yourself from noise, you can use soundproofing insulation, depending on what your goal is.

This material has its own degree of hardness:

solid material - created using granulated mineral water. These types of raw materials include vermiculite, perlite and pumice. The optimal absorption coefficient is 0.5 dB with a mass of 300 kg/m3;

semi-rigid material - mineral wool slabs with a cell-shaped structure. Sound absorption coefficient from 0.5 to 0.7 dB with a mass of 130 kg/m3;

soft material - created on the basis of cotton wool or felt. Sound absorption coefficient from 0.5 to 0.95 with a mass of 70 kg/m3.

When constructing private houses, soundproofing devices of the last specified parameter are usually used. You should also choose a soundproofing one with the necessary properties for the nature of the noise emitted.

Types of noise produced:

airborne, emitted from televisions, receivers, animals;

percussion, emitted when walking, repairing, drilling;

structural, appearing in the presence of connected load-bearing structures building.

To cope with impact noise, soundproofing soft materials with a cell structure are usually used. Soundproofing fibrous materials are used against the air, and special gaskets that protect the joints of structures are used against the structural.

Values ​​of sound absorption and noise reduction coefficients

Table No. 1 shows the values ​​of the weighted average sound absorption coefficients (aw) and NRC noise reduction coefficients for the panel of brands under consideration.

Table No. 1

Manufacturer	Soundproofing board series	aw	NRC
USG	Sonaton GF	0,7	0,7
	Sonaton Premier	0,85	0,9
	Sonaton TF	0,7	0,7
OWA	Finetta	0,7	0,65
	Cosmos	0,7	0,65
	Futura	0,7	0,75
	Harmony	0,75	0,75
AMF	Feinstratos	0,6	0,55
	Laguna	0,6	0,6
	Feinfresco	0,6	0,65
	Star	0,65	0,55
Armstrong	Sabbia	0,65	0,65
	Ultima	0,65	0,7
	Frequency	0,65	0,7
Illbruck	Whiteline	0,75	-
	Pyramide	0,6-0,9	-
	Acoustic panel	0,75-0,85	-
Knauf	Knauf-Acoustics type A, B, C, D, E	0,3-0,4	-
	using glass/basalt fiber	0,7-0,8	-
Gustafs	BF-panel (16 types of perforation) using glass/basalt fiber	0,3-0,9	-
Ecophon	Focus	0,9<	0,9
	Gedina	0,9	0,9
	Harmony	0,85	0,8
	Pop	0,5	0,45
	Wall Panel	0,95	0,95
Rockfon	Sonar	0,8	0,8
	Koral	0.9	0.85
	Alaska	0.85	0.8
	Samson	1	0.95
Parafon	Exclusive	0,95	0,95
	Classic	0,95	0,95
	Basic	0,95	0,95
	Wall Panel	0,9	0,9

Analyzing the indicators in table No. 1, we note that the base contains mineral fibers characterized by similar sound absorption coefficients, the difference is within 10%. A product made from a material based on perforated gypsum is somewhat inferior in sound-absorbing properties to mineral fiber slabs. Soundproofing gypsum insulation can be enhanced by adding an additional insulating layer. During construction public buildings and finishing, strict standards are applied that are designed to ensure the safety of people in the premises. Fire and environmental safety requirements create a tight framework for soundproofing panels, compliance with which is strictly regulated. In addition, the materials used for finishing must be durable, easy to use, have moisture-resistant qualities and have an attractive appearance.

Characteristics of acoustic products

Soundproofing materials different manufacturers(summary table No. 2).

Table No. 2

Manufacturer/ product	Density, kg/m3	Temperature resistance, °C	Moisture resistance,%	Environmental friendliness
Illbruck/ Pyramide	9,5-11	up to 150	-	safe
Ecophon/Gedina	125-200	up to 800	95	safe
Ecophon/Focus	125-200	up to 800	95	safe
Rockfon/Koral	70-90	up to 1100	95-100	safe
Rockfon/Sonar	200-280	up to 1100	95-100	safe
Parafon/Exlusive	140-280	up to 1100	95	safe
Parafon/Classic	100-140	up to 1100	95	safe

Continuation of table No. 2

The soundproofing materials in this table No. 2 reflect the difference in performance. For example, foamed acoustic material based on melamine resin from Illbruck (Germany) has a low density and also rather low resistance to temperature changes. This suggests that it is necessary to take into account that the scope of application of such materials is very limited. Soundproofing materials and their density produced by Ecophon, Parafon and Rockfon are approximately the same level. The similarity of this parameter is ensured by the similar insulating structure of this material. Soundproofing boards of these brands have a density that is much higher than that of foam materials, and in relation to the density of gypsum panels (900-1200 kg/m3) it is lower. At the same time, sound insulation products made from basalt fiber are characterized by fire safety, moisture resistance, environmental friendliness, thermal insulation and durability. This is quite a big advantage, allowing you to use them during installation suspended ceilings and as acoustic soundproofing wall panels for all types of premises: from apartments and offices, to cinemas and recording studios.

Soundproofing products in cinema premises perform the main task of maintaining sound conditions throughout the entire area. Materials should not allow this sound to spread beyond its boundaries.

The implementation of such sound insulation is carried out immediately by a set of actions. For example, for such work several types of materials are used that absorb sound. Such materials cover not only the walls and ceilings, but also the floor.

Such coverings are called carpet. It is necessary when decorating rooms, because it has a very beautiful and flat surface with short pile. This makes the carpet very similar to a carpet or rug.

Also for cinema owners, soundproofing products are provided in a huge selection of colors. And there are not only standard colors presented, but also various shades that will suit almost any interior and room design. Owners can choose not only the quality that suits them, but also choose a color whose relationship to the furniture upholstery will be ideal.

Our company can offer its clients:

Soundproofing material and its technological properties?

In a cinema, it is necessary to create unprecedented acoustic perfect sound insulation using additional materials. This is necessary so that all vibration, all hum and all sounds must remain in one isolated room. Carpet, in turn, copes well with the task entrusted to him. It not only easily reduces sound conductivity, but also does not affect acoustics at all. This material is very easy to install as it is very pliable and very easy to cut and stretch. Without any problems, it can also be fixed to ceilings, thereby forming a perfectly smooth surface.

The only condition for installing carpet is the room temperature. All sound insulation must take place in a room whose temperature should not fall below 16 degrees. Otherwise, the carpet completely stops stretching, which does not allow the panels to be joined on uneven areas.

In such cases, use makes it possible to minimize noise and provide comfortable acoustic conditions for rooms adjacent to the cinema hall.

Do not forget that the soundproofing of the hall makes it possible to enjoy the film, completely immersing yourself in its atmosphere, without being distracted by quite loud noise from the corridor or the neighboring cinema hall.

IN modern world To fully implement the sound insulation process, materials are used that sufficiently have noise-reflecting or noise-absorbing properties.

Priority directions for soundproofing a movie theater or bowling alley.

1. The most important task is to isolate the sounds of a cinema or bowling alley from nearby rooms. Therefore, sound insulation is necessary not only for walls, but also for ceilings and floors. This will prevent the sound from spreading further. For a cinema, it is mandatory to soundproof all rooms in which the film is shown.
2. An important task is to ensure acoustic comfort directly in the hall in which a movie is being watched or a game of bowling is taking place. This requires sound insulation as well technical equipment: air conditioners, fans, refrigeration machines, etc.
3. Do not forget that sound insulation should not interfere with the comfortable viewing of movies. The actors' speech should be easy to understand and audible. In a cinema hall, sound needs to travel evenly and efficiently throughout the hall in order to reach all rows at the same time. In a bowling alley, such subtleties are not provided.

All noise can be classified into three categories: airborne, impact and structural. The most common type, of course, is airborne noise - this includes the sounds of passing vehicles, the hum of equipment, and the sounds made by animals and people.

The ability of a material to protect from noise will tell you the index of sound insulation – Rw.

Impact noise, as the name implies, occurs when shocks occur, for example, when hammering nails or moving furniture. Finally, structural noise is the sounds of nature that penetrate the structural elements of a home.
The key characteristics of soundproofing material are sound insulation and sound absorption. It should reflect or absorb sound, preventing it from entering the room.

From the point of view of acoustic engineers, there are no soundproofing materials in nature - only special designs in which the structure is extremely important. Often, builders use multilayer systems in which sheets of dense plasterboard alternate with layers of porous materials, such as mineral wool. But, unfortunately, they reduce living space and are quite expensive.

The secret of effective sound-proofing – a combination of special design and material.

Review of popular soundproofing materials

Modern technologies make it possible to use simpler and more cost-effective materials that provide insulation from external and internal noise. Thus, ZIPS sandwich panels have proven themselves well on the market. They are a combination of dense gypsum fiber and soft glass wool layers. Their thickness varies from 40 to 130 mm, and Rw is 10 dB.

Thinner materials are heat and sound insulating ISOPLAAT boards. Their thickness does not exceed 25 mm, and their sound insulation index is twice as high as that of ZIPS - 23 dB. In addition, ISOPLAAT is made from environmentally friendly fibers coniferous trees. The boards are mounted using glue and “breathe” well.

The thinnest panels are EcoZvukoIzol and Kraft - 12 mm and 13 mm, respectively. The first ones are made of a seven-layer cardboard profile with the addition of quartz sand, the second ones are made of wood fiber boards. Both are easily attached with ordinary glue. The sound insulation index of both is approximately 23 dB.

Finally, it is worth warning about the most common misconceptions. There is an opinion that materials such as cork, PPE, polyurethane foam do a good job of soundproofing and at the same time, due to their small thickness, help save square meters. In fact, this is not entirely true - they only absorb impact noise, but do not insulate at all from airborne noise.

The main feature of acoustic materials is high porosity (up to 98%). Their structure can be cellular, granular, fibrous, lamellar or mixed. The pore size varies widely and usually does not exceed 3-5 mm. Porosity can be adjusted within certain limits by changing the influence of technological factors during production, thereby making it possible to obtain materials with specified properties: average density and thermal conductivity coefficient.

High porosity is obtained by the following methods: gas formation, high water mixing, mechanical dispersion, creation of a fibrous frame, swelling of mineral and organic raw materials, burn-out additives and chemical processing.

The classification of acoustic materials is based on the principle of the functional purpose of these materials. According to this principle they are divided into:

- sound-absorbing , intended for use in the structures of sound-absorbing cladding of internal premises and for individual sound absorbers to reduce sound pressure in industrial and public buildings;

- soundproofing , used as gaskets (interlayers) in multi-layer enclosing structures to improve the insulation of fences from impact and airborne sounds;

- vibration-absorbing , designed to attenuate bending vibrations propagating through rigid structures (mostly thin) to reduce the sound emitted by them.

Sound-absorbing materials, in accordance with the current standard, are classified according to the following main characteristics: efficiency, shape, rigidity (relative compression value), structure and flammability.

Based on their shape, sound-absorbing materials and products are divided into:

For piece pieces (blocks, slabs);

Rolled (mats, strip pads, canvases);

Loose and free-flowing (mineral and glass wool, expanded clay, expanded perlite and other porous granular materials).

By hardness These materials and products are divided into soft, semi-rigid, hard and hard.

Based on their structural characteristics, sound-absorbing materials and products are divided into: into porous-fiber, porous-cellular (from cellular concrete and perlite) and porous-sponge (foam, rubber).

In terms of flammability, like all building materials, acoustic materials and products are divided into three groups: fireproof, non-combustible and combustible.

Comparing the classification characteristics of sound-absorbing and heat-insulating materials and products, one can see their commonality, which once again emphasizes the identity of the tasks in the production of these materials. However, it should be noted that in order to impart high levels of functional properties to the materials and products under consideration, it is necessary to use various technological techniques that make it possible to form the porous structure necessary for a particular case.

Based on their effectiveness, sound-absorbing materials and products are divided into three classes:

1st class - over 0.8;

2nd class - from 0.8 to 0.4;

3rd grade - from 0.4 to 0.2.

Soundproofing materials are divided into piece (tape, strip and piece gaskets, mats, slabs) and bulk (expanded clay, blast furnace slag, sand).

According to their structure, soundproofing products (materials) are divided into:

Porous-fiber made from mineral and glass wool in the form of soft, semi-rigid and rigid cushioning products with an average density of 75 to 175 kg/m 3 and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of no more than E (w) = 0.5 MPa at a load of 0.002 MPa;

Porous-sponge, made from foam plastics and porous rubber and characterized by E (w) from 1.0 to 5.0 MPa.

The dynamic modulus of elasticity of granular backfills should not exceed E (w) = 15 MPa.

Dynamic modulus of elasticity E (w). Modulus determined by the ratio of stress to that part of the deformation that is in phase with the stress. Matches expression

E (w) = E n - (E n - E r)/(1 + (w t2),

Thus, sound-absorbing and sound-proofing materials must have an increased ability to absorb and dissipate sound waves.

In addition, sound-absorbing and sound-proofing materials and products must have stable physical, mechanical and acoustic properties throughout the entire period of operation, be bio- and moisture-resistant, and not emit harmful substances into the environment.

Sound-absorbing products, as a rule, must have high decorative properties, since they are simultaneously used for finishing the internal surfaces of building fences.

Soundproofing cushioning materials and products of a porous-fibrous structure from various types of soft, semi-rigid and hard wool with E not more than 0.5 MPa or 5 10 5 N/m 2 have a load on the soundproofing layer of 0.002 MPa (2 10 3 N/m 2).

Soundproofing materials are used:

In floors - in the form of solid loaded or unloaded (carrying only their own weight) gaskets, piece loaded and strip loaded gaskets;

In partitions and walls - in the form of a continuous unloaded gasket at the joints of structures.

Vibration-absorbing materials. Vibration-absorbing materials are designed to absorb vibration and noise caused by the operation of engineering and sanitary equipment.

Vibration-absorbing materials include some types of rubber and mastic, foil insulation, and sheet plastics. Vibration-absorbing materials are applied to thin metal surfaces to create an effective vibration-absorbing structure with high frictional energy.

To eliminate the transmission of impact sound, “floating” floor designs are used.

Elastic pads are placed between the load-bearing floor slab and the finished floor. It is also necessary to use elastic gaskets to separate the floor structure from the walls along the perimeter of the room. The types and properties of some soundproofing gaskets are presented in table. 3.

Effective soundproofing materials are semi-rigid mineral wool and glass wool boards and mats with a synthetic binder, as well as pierced glass wool mats, fiber boards, foam rubber, polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane foams. They produce tape and strip gaskets with a length from 1000 to 3000 mm and a width of 100, 150, 200 mm, piece gaskets - with a length and width of 100, 150, 200 mm. Products made from fibrous materials are used only in a shell made of waterproof paper, film, or foil.

Acoustic panels . Structurally, acoustic panels are constructed in the same way as conventional wall panels, except that one of the panel covers is perforated.

Fig. 12.1 Acoustic sandwich panel

Perforation of metal facings in acoustic sandwich panels increases the sound-absorbing properties of the panels, and also gives the panels an additional decorative effect. The percentage of perforation and the diameter of the holes in the perforated sheets comply with the requirements of GOST 23499-79 “Sound-absorbing and sound-insulating construction materials and products. Classification and general technical requirements."

Perforation percentage, no less than 20; hole diameter, mm. - 4.

Application of acoustic sandwich panels:

For the construction of enclosing structures, ceilings, internal walls and partitions in industrial buildings and structures where protection from the influence of industrial noise is required;

For the construction of soundproofing screens (including mobile ones) in residential areas in order to reduce noise pollution of the environment;

For the construction of noise barriers on highways and railways within city limits, near populated areas and protected areas;

Noise protection from diesel generators, sound insulation of chiller units, sound insulation of transformer substations.

Soundproofing and noise insulation common wall . Street noise can pass through the common wall of adjacent houses, the sound insulation of the common wall can be improved, but the effectiveness will depend on the design of the wall, the presence of a fireplace and the electrical equipment located on it.

Photo. 12.1 Mineral wool and plasterboards

The second method of soundproofing a shared wall involves lining with acoustic mineral wool and lining with double plasterboard on metal strips.

With this method, the sound does not pass directly, but is scattered.

Initially, the lathing is installed, for which 50x50 mm laths are attached vertically to the wall, with a distance between them of slightly less than 600 mm, so that roll sound insulation made of mineral wool 50 mm thick. fit tightly to the laths and to the wall.

Next, at a distance of 100 mm from the floor, elastic strips are attached across the lathing in a horizontal position across the lathing, the distance between the planks is from 400 to 600 mm, the last plank is attached at a distance of 50 mm from the ceiling.

The wall is lined with 19 mm thick acoustic plasterboard; 32 mm long screws are used to attach the panels to the planks; they must pass through the plank, but not touch the wall or battens.

It is necessary to leave a gap around the perimeter of the room from 3 to 5 mm. A second layer 12.5 mm thick is attached on top of the first layer of plasterboard; the joints should be shifted in relation to the first layer.

Using sound-absorbing sealant, the gaps are sealed and the baseboard is installed.

Photo. 12.2 General view of sound and noise insulation of a brick wall

Choice of sound-absorbing material. Tools that allow you to effectively regulate the acoustics of a room are decorative and finishing sound-absorbing materials and structures. In this case, soundproofing materials must perform two main functions - to prevent the sound wave from vibrating an obstacle (for example, an interior partition), and also, if possible, to absorb and dissipate the sound wave. In principle, all of the listed materials are recommended for use as soundproofing of office premises. But I would like to dwell on some nuances. Until recently, cork was widely used as a sound insulator. However, according to experts, in fact, cork is only effective against so-called “impact noise” (arising as a result of mechanical impact on elements of building structures), and does not have universal soundproofing characteristics. The same applies to various synthetic foam materials. They are quite attractive from the point of view of ease of use, but for the most part do not meet modern requirements for sound insulation of public buildings, and in addition, they often do not meet fire safety requirements. Therefore, at present, universal soundproofing materials based on natural raw materials, for example, products based on stone wool, are coming to the fore. Their excellent soundproofing properties are determined by their specific structure - chaotically directed thin fibers, when rubbing against each other, convert the energy of sound vibrations into heat. The use of such insulation significantly reduces the risk of vertical sound waves occurring between wall surfaces, reducing reverberation time, and thereby reducing the sound level in adjacent rooms.

Fig. 12.2. Thermal and sound insulation of entrance doors

WITH specifically to ensure acoustic comfort in own home, in public places, in the workplace, ROCKWOOL has developed a new product - sound-absorbing stone wool slabs ACOUSTIC BUTTS.

In the form of slabs of various thicknesses, they are used for soundproofing rooms of all types. Among them there are universal materials for increasing the sound insulation of walls, floors and ceilings. For example, ROCKWOOL ACOUSTIC BUTTS with a density of 40 kg/m 3; designs using which provide a sound insulation index of up to 60 dB.

Rice. 12.3. ACOUSTIC BUTTS slabs

1. Plasterboard sheet; 2. Ceiling profile; 3. Guide profile; 4. Straight suspension; 5. Sealing tape; 6. Dowel; 7. Self-tapping screw; 8. Self-tapping screw; 9. Acoustic Butts

Plasterboards placed between the rack profiles of the frame of plasterboard walls significantly increase the sound insulation index of interior partitions in an office or apartment.

They are also used when creating a floor on reinforced concrete or beam floors. To soundproof the ceiling, the material can be mounted directly on the ceiling under the surface of suspended or suspended ceilings.

Flame retardancy of stone fiber material able to withstand temperatures above 1000 °C without melting. While the binder evaporates at 250°C, the fibers remain intact and bonded together, maintaining their strength and providing fire protection. ROCKWOOL products are non-flammable (class fire danger KMO). This property allows them to prevent the spread of flames during fires, as well as delay the process of destruction of load-bearing structures of buildings for a certain time.

D additional insulation from airborne noise of interfloor ceilings on a reinforced concrete slab.

Resistant to deformation. This is, first of all, the absence of shrinkage throughout the entire life of the material. If the material is not able to maintain the required thickness under mechanical stress, its insulating properties are lost. Some of the fibers of our material are located vertically, as a result of which the overall structure does not have a specific direction, which ensures high rigidity of the thermal insulation material.

Fig. 12.4. Acoustic plates

laid between the joists on the slab

floors

Soundproofing. Thanks to its structure - an open porous structure - stone wool has excellent acoustic properties: it improves the airborne sound insulation of a room, the sound-absorbing properties of the structure, reduces reverberation time, and thereby reduces the sound level of noise in neighboring rooms.

Water repellency and vapor permeability . Stone wool has excellent water-repellent properties, which, together with excellent vapor permeability, allows you to easily and effectively remove vapors from rooms and structures to the street. These properties allow you to create a favorable indoor climate, as well as the entire structure as a whole and thermal insulation in particular to work in a dry state. After all, as you know, moisture conducts heat well. Getting into the thermal insulation material, it fills the air pores. In this case, the heat-shielding properties of the wet material deteriorate noticeably. And moisture that gets on the surface of the material does not penetrate into its thickness, due to which it remains dry and retains its high heat-shielding properties.

P suspended, acoustic ceilings.

1. plasterboard sheet

2. ceiling profile

4. Acoustic plates

Acoustic slabs are installed in the space between the suspended ceiling and the floor slab. The slabs are laid behind a suspended ceiling, or mounted to floor slabs using fastening dowels.

Rice. 12.5. Acoustic plates

mounted above suspended

ceiling

Plates "Akminit" and "Akmigran" - acoustic materials made on the basis of granulated mineral wool and starch binder compositions with additives. The slabs are produced in sizes 300x300x20 mm, density 350... 400 kg/m 3 and bending strength 0.7... 1.0 MPa, with a high sound absorption coefficient - up to 0.8. These slabs are intended for sound-absorbing finishing of ceilings and upper parts of walls of premises, public and administrative buildings, operated with a relative air humidity of no more than 70%. The front surface of the slabs has a texture in the form of directed cracks (cavities), similar to the texture of the surface of weathered limestone. The slabs are fastened to the ceiling using metal profiles; they can also be glued with special mastics directly to a hard surface.

The unique texture and wide range of colors add variety to the interiors of premises with the massive use of decorative acoustic slabs “Silakpor” and gas silicate slabs.

Silakpor slabs made from lightweight aerated concrete of a special structure with a density of 300...350 kg/m 3. The front surface of the slabs can have longitudinal slotted perforation, which not only gives it best view, but also increased ability to absorb noise. The sound absorption coefficient of Silakpor slabs in the frequency range from 200 to 4000 Hz is 0.3 - 0.8.

Gas silicate slabs have good operational, architectural and construction properties and represent a special group of sound-absorbing materials, including those with a macroporous structure. Gas silicate is used to make slabs with dimensions of 750x350x25 mm, density 500...600 kg/m 3 and compressive strength 1.5...2.0 MPa, sound absorption coefficient in the frequency range from 500 to 4000 Hz for microporous slabs 0.2 ...0.3, and for macroporous ones 0.6...0.9. The technological process for producing boards consists of mixing raw materials - lime, sand and dye; pouring the prepared solution into molds and autoclave treatment, after which the products are milled and calibrated. good appearance, acoustic perforated slabs made of dry plaster and gypsum perforated slabs with a mineral wool sound absorber have sufficient fire resistance and high sound-absorbing properties. They are widely used for interior decoration of walls and ceilings in cultural, domestic and public buildings.

Today you can purchase soundproofing materials in almost any hardware store. They are presented on the market in a huge variety from foreign and domestic manufacturers. And anyone who decides to purchase these materials for the first time is faced with a rather big problem of making the right choice. It’s difficult to understand all this, and you can’t do it without the help of a specialist. Therefore, our article is to help those who want to figure it out.

So where do you start? Firstly, it should be noted that the variety of modern soundproofing materials has thrown aside the old methods of soundproofing. These include the use of insulation different types. Practice has shown that mineral wool in slabs was most often used for these purposes. It performed the functions of both heat and sound insulation.

Secondly, the process of laying sound insulators has become much simpler. And this is one of important criteria choice, because nowadays consumers are trying to carry out some construction work with their own hands in order to save the budget allocated for repairs. AND modern materials This can be done for soundproofing.

The third selection criterion is the cost of materials. Although it should be noted that in this case the price range is not very wide, so it is best to choose according to other criteria.

Classification of soundproofing materials

Soundproofing materials are divided into three main groups:

• Sound-absorbing.
• Soundproof against shock vibrations.
• Soundproof against air vibrations.

What is the difference between these groups? Let's start with the fact that sound is energy. When it falls on the enclosing structure, it is partially reflected from it, partially absorbed by it and partially passes through it. So, those representatives of the group that mainly absorb sound energy are called noise-absorbing materials or sound-absorbing materials. Those that mainly reflect sound waves are called soundproofing.

Sound-absorbing

Sound-absorbing materials

There is such a thing in acoustics as a sound field. Essentially, this is the area of ​​propagation of sound waves from the source. So in the field there are two types of sound - direct from the source and reflected from various objects. So the latter are distorted, their intensity is increased, and the sound character goes into a worse range. Noise-absorbing materials reduce the energy of the reflected signal to a minimum. That is, the sound field is stabilized.

Important. Materials of this type must therefore be porous. And the higher this indicator, the better. And if, in order to retain heat, it is necessary to use materials with closed pores, then in sound insulation, on the contrary, they must be open (communicating). Plus, heat is retained better if there are pores big size, and sound is absorbed better if they are small.

Why is this happening? The thing is that a wave passing through the air located in the pores of the soundproofing material causes this air to vibrate. Small pores create better resistance to them than large pores. This is the first. Secondly, the noise flow is inhibited inside the material. The friction of air against the pore walls converts mechanical energy into heat. That is, the intensity and power of noise decreases.

There is another indicator of soundproofing materials - elasticity. If the soundproofing structure has a flexible frame, then this is another noise reduction barrier. The waves hitting it do not transmit vibrations to the entire material. This means the noise level is reduced.

Absorption coefficient

Absorption coefficient

Materials for sound insulation of the absorbing type are determined by efficiency, or more precisely, by absorption coefficient. The coefficient itself is the ratio of the absorbed energy to the energy of the entire incident sound on the material. This indicator is based on one square meter open window. This is "1". All soundproofing materials with a coefficient below “0.4” are sound-absorbing. In this case, the condition is set that the noise frequency should not exceed 1000 Hz.

There is another value - noise level. Essentially, this is the time during which the reflected wave sounds. This indicator is otherwise called reverberation time. For example, we can give the following test. If you create a signal in an empty room with bare walls, the reverberation time will be about 8 seconds. If soundproofing material is laid on the walls, this indicator will be reduced to one second.

Soundproofing against shock sound vibrations

This type of soundproofing materials is a porous product with a low elasticity coefficient. Essentially, these are noise-insulating cushioning materials that also retain heat well.

But their main purpose is to prevent shock vibrations. Therefore, their production is based on the technology of creating a structure in which the speed of sound propagation was the lowest. Everyone knows that the denser the material, the faster sound travels through it. Eg:

• In metal, the propagation speed is 5050 m/s.
• In concrete – 4150 m/s.
• In a tree – 1550 m/s.
• In porous type rubber, only 30 m/s.

Therefore, this type of soundproofing gasket material is mainly used as gaskets. They are most often laid between finishing structures and load-bearing elements buildings, between the building elements themselves, between floating floors and walls.

Soundproof against air waves

Firstly, it must be said that the house structures themselves can act as sound insulators. The greater the density of the product, the greater its mass, the greater the soundproofing properties they have. True, all this increases the cost of the building, so experts recommend installing multilayer structures with air gaps. It is the gap that must be filled with sound-absorbing insulation, that is, filled or installed with porous materials. By the way, such a soundproofing system perfectly retains heat.

Advice. The optimal option for a soundproofing structure is a system consisting of different materials, which have different densities, rigidity, and tightness.

Other classification criteria

By appearance:

• Piece - slabs, panels, mats, rolls and so on.
• Bulk.

By porosity:

• Cellular.
• Fibrous.
• Combined.

Soundproofing products must be non-flammable, with low water absorption, low hygroscopicity, and bioresistant. The thing is that sound insulation is practically a finish installed from the inside of the premises. So she is also subject to quite stringent requirements.