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What is a mezzanine? Mezzanine is a room small size, built on the roof of a residential private house with separate walls and windows (in other words, an extension to the attic).

The beautiful, airy structure has long been associated with the patriarchal life of the Russian suburbs, manorial estates, picturesque suburban buildings, and is an integral part of the picturesque style of “romantic realism”.

Often artists from different countries painted the mezzanine in their paintings, where they depicted the interiors of fictional or real streets.

Design Features

The mezzanine is usually located in the middle of the roof, which allows you to increase the usable area of ​​the house. In form it can be:

• square;
• hexagonal;
• rectangular;
• cylindrical.

The roof of the extension has a steep slope; it can be single-pitch, gable, combined, multi-level. Often such a room is equipped large windows with glass inserts over window openings. In some cases, an external balcony is attached to the front side of the mezzanine.

What advantages does it have?

Such an extension has numerous advantages:

• large windows allow you to create natural lighting in the interior of the room;
• increase the total area of ​​the home without additional load on the foundation;
• the mezzanine can be used as a room for any purpose: office, library, bedroom, children's room;
• with its help they mask and strengthen the chimney pipe;
• To erect this type of superstructure, you do not need to use special equipment, since all work is carried out through attic space;

Mezzanine attached general appearance the house has extraordinary features, it opens beautiful view from the window. In France, such extensions were rented by students for living, and in Russia they began to be used everywhere in the 19th century as part of wooden and stone houses.

Most often, the mezzanine had three windows, its own roof and pediment.

This room can be used as:

• office;
• game room;
• workshop;
• libraries;
• summer bedroom;
• children's room;
• warehouse;
• recreation areas;
• billiard room;
• bathroom

The mezzanine can be equipped as a guest room or as a separate living space for tenants, since residents in it can exist independently from common house. Especially if it has a bathroom, a dressing room and a separate entrance from the street.

Editorial advice: when arranging a mezzanine, it is better to use furniture made to order custom sizes. This will make it possible to take into account the non-standard nature of the room, make it interior space comfortable and convenient.

When decorating a room, it is better to give preference to light shades. This will help hide defects and shortcomings in the interior and visually increase its area.

Differences from the attic

An attic is an attic space located directly under a high roof, where windows are most often built in.

A mezzanine is a superstructure over a house with its own roof, windows, and pediment. They can also be distinguished from each other by: design features:

1. Roof. At the attic it is inclined, and at the mezzanine it is straight.
2. Application. The attic is used mainly as an attic, and the mezzanine as a living space or as decorative decoration Houses.
3. The mezzanine has the best natural light.
4. The attic is built simultaneously with the house and is an integral part of it. A mezzanine can be completed in an already finished building.

How to decorate a house with a mezzanine, see the following video:

K category: Attics and balconies

Mezzanine design features

Mezzanines are attic rooms in which the outer walls rise vertically to a certain level, and then smoothly pass into the roof slope (Fig. 1). This architectural technique, by reducing the proportion of overlap hidden behind the sides of the attic, allows for more efficient use of the total area (Fig. 2). Practice shows that the maximum effect in using the floor area can be achieved at a height vertical walls 150 cm. In this case, the total height of the mezzanine should remain at least 240 cm (Fig. 3). Then almost all 100% of the area can be used as useful. If a mezzanine with straight (not broken) walls is planned, then the roof structure changes (Fig. 4, 5).

Design options there can be many roofs of houses with mezzanines: from the simplest options to gable roof to the most bizarre forms of which the designer’s imagination is only capable (Fig. 6). A relatively simple design scheme of a gable roof with a mezzanine, arranged according to the system hanging rafters, shown in Fig. 7 and fig. 8.

The given design diagram of a mezzanine is quite typical for most regions of our country. There are some disadvantages to this scheme. The relatively small height of the vertical enclosing structures leads to the need to construct side walls of the mezzanine,

Rice. 1. Schematic representation of the built-on mezzanine wall: 1 - façade wall"Houses; 2 - mezzanine wall

Rice. 2. Front side finished house with mezzanine: 1 - front wall of the mezzanine with a hip roof structure

Rice. 3. Useful area of ​​the mezzanine with a front vertical wall height of 1500 mm: 1 - front mezzanine wall with a window; 2 - mezzanine ceiling at a height of 2400 mm; 3 - rear wall of the mezzanine, formed by the roof slope; 4 - dormer window

behind the sidewalls of which most of the area disappears attic floor. Of course, these areas can be used as auxiliary areas, arranging unique storage rooms behind the sidewalls. However, these areas cannot be used as residential premises.

The mezzanine can be built on top of an already existing house, If load bearing capacity foundations are designed for additional loads. A variant of such a typical superstructure is shown in Fig. 9.

Mezzanines in luxury houses and cottages are built differently design diagrams. Here the system of layered rafters is used more, using the system pitched roofs or a combination of a gable and shed roof.

Rice. 4. Mezzanine with a height of vertical walls of 2400 mm: 1 - front wall; 2 - window; 3 - usable area of ​​the mezzanine; 4 - mezzanine floor; 5 - attic window; b - window sill

Rice. 5. Facade view hip roof houses where the mezzanine wall has a height of at least 2400 mm: 1 - mezzanine wall; 2 - mezzanine roof

Rice. 6. The roof structure of a house where there is a mezzanine with vertical walls 1500 mm high: 1 - mezzanine walls; 2 - mezzanine covering

Rice. 7. Relatively simple design of a gable roof with a mezzanine: 1 - vertical mezzanine bars; 2 - side beams-rafters of the mezzanine; 3 - mezzanine roof; 4 - hanging rafter

Rice. 8. The structure of the roof, shown in Fig. 13 in section: 1 - mezzanine support beam; 2 - mezzanine truss; 3 - Mauerlat; 4 - side rafters of the mezzanine; 3 - mezzanine floor; 6 - ridge pad; 7 - ridge beam; 8 - floor of the house; 9 - rafter; 10 - main area of ​​the mezzanine; 11 - auxiliary room

As an example, we can take a two-story cottage structure with a bay window under a gable roof, in which the attic part - the mezzanine - due to the bay window is located entirely within one slope (Fig. 10). This architectural technique is possible thanks to the bay window, which becomes a support for the mezzanine.

The advantage of a mezzanine over a simple attic is also manifested in the expansion of possibilities natural light interior spaces. When the mezzanine “rises” due to the laying of vertical walls by at least 0.8-1.1 m, it becomes possible to further increase the window area by installing a vertical window frame, which creates a plastic continuation of the window opening and enriches the interior space of the “broken window”. The glazing area increases even more due to the extension window (Fig. 11). In addition to its enhanced aesthetic qualities, such a window has significantly large area and the level of illumination in the interior spaces of the mezzanine and attic.

Warehouse mezzanine is a type special equipment for a warehouse, some multi-level system, consisting of racks or columns. This design is good because it allows you to increase the usable area of ​​the warehouse by two or even three times. It can also be called an additional mezzanine.

Main advantages

Installation/dismantling of the warehouse mezzanine is characterized by simplicity and ease, which will allow you to take the structure with you if you move.

Such systems are durable and wear-resistant. It is characteristic that they can be used even in those regions where seismic activity is increased.

The efficient use of the entire height of the warehouse in combination with rational warehousing can significantly reduce warehouse maintenance costs.

Technical specifications

Mezzanines consist not only of shelves and racks, but also of additional elements such as railings, stairs, floors between floors, etc. From all of the above it is built optimal design, maximally corresponding to the characteristics of the warehouse.

The supporting structure in this case is the pedestrian levels that are installed on it. Such systems can be of two types:

red-handed;

frontal.

Another feature that a warehouse mezzanine has is the possibility of connecting it with other types of racks, as well as operating as a separate structure. Trolleys, electric cars and other mechanisms can move on the mezzanine flooring.

As flooring are used predominantly metal gratings, corrugated board and chipboard. Used for the manufacture of other parts bent profile, which, in fact, ensures the stability of the entire structure. Vertical racks perforated, the hole spacing is small - this makes it possible to adapt the racks to any size of cargo.

Main types of warehouse mezzanine

The designs described above are divided into two types:

shelving mezzanine;

mezzanine on columns.

Let's take a closer look at each type.

Shelving design

This type of mezzanine is used for storage and appropriate handling of warehouse goods. Stairs and all necessary levels are mounted on shelving posts. Special equipment can be used to process the cargo, and if necessary, this can be done manually.

Also used for archival storage.

Column construction

A mezzanine mounted on columns can be used in the following cases.

To increase the usable area of ​​the room and when storing small-sized cargo.

In expedition zones.

When creating a full functional area in stock or to create separate room. You can, for example, equip an office consisting of several rooms.

As a base for installation various kinds racking equipment.

To increase/create a trading platform. In this case, the storage area and offices will be located on the upper floors.

What is a mezzanine and what does a house look like with it? These questions often arise for people who are planning to engage in individual construction, and simply for those who are simply curious. Almost everyone knows that this is a type of add-on, but which one exactly? Many people confuse a mezzanine with an attic. To eliminate this error, let’s look in detail at what the word “mezzanine” means.

General information

In order for people who are not strong in architectural knowledge to understand what a “mezzanine” is, they need to consider the following. A mezzanine is a superstructure above residential building, which in most cases is located in the center, but is equipped with its own roof. As a rule, there is access to a balcony from the mezzanine.

This type of building structure can be the most different shapes:

• square;
• rectangular;
• hexagonal;
• cylindrical;
• cruciform.

Usually the mezzanine is given the appearance of a square. Basically it carries utilitarian rather than decorative function. Although the house with a mezzanine, in accordance with building codes, is considered as a one-story building, it has a row in front of an ordinary one-story building undeniable advantages.

Design advantages

What is a mezzanine in terms of architectural solutions? What benefits do the owners of such a house receive? Here are some of its main advantages:

• To organize a powerful stove draft in a house, it is necessary to have a chimney length of no less than five meters. The superstructure in the form of a mezzanine just makes it possible to place a pipe of impressive length in the home space, without the use of additional braces.
• The ceiling area above which the mezzanine is located will require significantly lower costs when insulating it. This, in turn, will put less load on the foundation and increase the service life of the entire building.
• Due to the fact that the mezzanine is not a second floor in the full sense of the word, due to its special design, there is no need for additional heating costs required in a two-story building.

Pros of isolation

In addition to the above advantages associated with the mezzanine design, there are others that the isolation of this room provides. These include the following:

• Due to the isolation of the mezzanine, in winter period(if it is not in demand), the room can be locked so as not to waste heat.
• The mezzanine is a great place for privacy. No noise from other rooms penetrates here. Here you can work fruitfully, and children can do homework, rest easy.
• Since the staircase leading to the second floor is usually located in the rear of the house, it is possible to rent out the mezzanine to tenants.

To understand even better what a mezzanine is, let’s consider it in comparison with the attic, with which it is very often confused.

Difference from the attic

Although the mezzanine and attic have common features, they fundamentally differ from each other in that the first is a living space with its own roof, and the second is essentially an attic that does not have its own roof, and is subject to improvement if the owners wish. Here are some other differences between these designs in detail:

1. Roof. The mezzanine is straight, the attic is inclined. As a result, long-term stay in attic room not comfortable enough.
2. Construction period. The mezzanine is erected when the main building is already in a state of readiness, while the attic is built simultaneously with the house.
3. Walls. In the mezzanine they have a vertical direction up to a certain level, and then gradually move into the roof. In the attic they go immediately at an angle from the floor.
4. Illumination. On the mezzanine it is more intense and natural. By increasing the level of masonry of vertical walls. When erecting it, you can increase the area window openings, creating a curly window. In addition to being decorative, it becomes possible to receive more light than through the usual rectangular hole.

Options for arranging a mezzanine

Mezzanine roofs come in the most different configurations- both primitive, flat, having two slopes, and the most original and even bizarre. As a rule, developers settle on the gable option, which has both advantages and disadvantages. To ensure that the mezzanine space is used optimally, it is side walls It is recommended to make it one and a half meters high. Then the height of the entire superstructure will be 2.5 meters.

Sometimes mezzanines are built above the garage. In this case, you can enter the room directly, through a special street stairs. In the superstructure you can equip a gym for training on exercise machines, a home cinema, a workshop, and a room for playing billiards. Very often, residents prefer to arrange a bedroom on the mezzanine for adult family members or for guests staying overnight.

Other options

The mezzanine provides many options for its use. These include solutions such as a creative workshop, office, library, children's room. Some manage to arrange an “autonomous” existence for themselves on the mezzanine. They are adding to the bedroom small kitchen, bathroom and dressing room and equip a separate entrance from the street.

At the same time, you should not skimp on lighting in the mezzanine - both natural and artificial. Then the room will be more complete and may not be inferior to others that are residential. It is preferable to cover the walls with paint or wallpaper in light colors. Furniture, like textiles, is also better to buy light-colored. This technique helps visual increase space.

There is another, very similar meaning of the word “mezzanine”. Let's look at it in more detail below.

Other meaning

Considering the interpretation of the word “mezzanine”, one cannot help but mention the warehouse mezzanine. It is a structure consisting of metal shelving. They are divided among themselves by floors with floor panels, which can be made of various materials. For example, such as plywood, chipboard, grating or a solid sheet of metal with a notch, corrugated sheet.

Warehouse mezzanines are designed to maximize space height by increasing the number of floors in a warehouse. They have two varieties: mezzanines located on a platform and multi-tier shelving systems. The mezzanine design makes it possible to increase useful warehouse space, and also allows you to place additional office space and additional retail space.

Word parsing

To carry out a lexical analysis of the word “mezzanine” we will use the data from the dictionaries: linguistic terms, synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, as well as phraseological dictionary. Based on the analysis of the information contained in them, the following conclusions can be drawn:

The mezzanine, unlike the attic, rises above separate part house, and not over the entire floor, has its own roof with a pediment and several windows, most often three, it may also have a balcony with columns, although such superstructures can be of very different shapes and can be part of a building of almost any architectural style.

You can build a mezzanine in an apartment with sufficiently high ceilings. In production and warehouse premises, warehouse mezzanines have become widespread, on which goods can be stored and equipment can be placed.

Doma with mezzanine

Houses with mezzanines were common in Russia in the 19th century. Such a superstructure had not only a practical, but also a decorative function. Usually they were in houses of classicism or modern style.

It is now also possible to build a private house in the style of a cozy Russian estate. Houses with mezzanines usually have identical facades on the street and courtyard sides, hipped roof, mezzanine superstructure with a balcony. Some construction companies can offer you a standard house design with a mezzanine.

Usually such houses are one-story, but a mezzanine can also be built above the second floor of a residential building. Despite the “antique” appearance, the house can be built from quite modern materials: aerated concrete, foam concrete, ceramic blocks, porous brick. Is it possible to build wooden house with a mezzanine in Russian style.

Mezonin indoors - residential mezzanine

A mezzanine in an apartment or house differs from a real mezzanine in that it is not directly connected to the supporting structures. This means that it can not only be included in the house plan immediately, but also done later, when such a need arises. Rough plan a home with a mezzanine might look like this.

A mezzanine in an apartment can be built with sufficiently high ceilings. In mansions in modern style you can build it both outside the house in the form of a superstructure, and inside in the form of a mezzanine with high ceilings. This internal vertical division of space using modern materials will suit almost any style and will increase the usable area. It can serve as a corridor or gallery between two parts of the building. It can be equipped

Mdo-it-yourself ezonin

In some new houses, an additional mezzanine is already included in the apartment plan, but you can build a mezzanine in the apartment yourself. To do this you need to select the right materials. Wood is usually used - it is cozy and environmentally friendly material. Basic bearing structures It's better to make it out of metal. You can use plywood, boards, fiberboard, OSB as flooring. It is important to correctly calculate the load on the supporting structures. Usually the mezzanine is located between two walls to which it is attached load-bearing beam. As a beam, you can use rolled metal beams or wooden beam, for example, LVL timber. Additionally, if the mezzanine is long, you can install metal or wooden supports.

RRecommendations for placing the mezzanine

It is important to ensure that the new mezzanine has windows, otherwise the mezzanine room will turn out dark and gloomy. Therefore, it is good to arrange such mezzanines in apartments with panoramic windows. If natural light not enough, it is necessary to provide a sufficiently bright artificial one. As lighting fixtures it is best to choose sconces, Wall lights or curtain lighting if there is a cornice above the mezzanine. Not worth installing ceiling lamps, especially long ones.

Consider the height of the ceiling: the lower floor should be high enough to make it comfortable to walk. It is best to make a mezzanine in a square or very elongated room. In a large room, you can create a mezzanine gallery running along three sides of the room. The best option it will be if the mezzanine occupies no more than a third of the room’s area.

To build a full-fledged mezzanine, the ceiling height must be at least 3.8 m. The new tier is placed at a height of at least 2.1 m from the floor. This will allow you, if not to stand, then at least to sit on the mezzanine without touching the ceiling with your head. Then it will be possible to place on it sleeping area, this will be especially relevant for children and youth. For safety, provide a strong, stable ladder (not a ladder), handrails, railings or guardrails. It is not recommended to place a mezzanine above windows or doors - it is inconvenient, it will look like a side shelf on a train.

If the ceiling height is insufficient, you can not make a full-fledged mezzanine under which you can walk, but simply raise the floor in part of the room, as, for example, in this photo.

Then under the podium there are drawers and cabinets for storing things, you can arrange a dressing room this way. You can arrange a nursery this way. The room takes on an unusual and interesting view. A mezzanine in an apartment of any design is a way to rationally use space. For example, you can arrange boxes in the steps leading upstairs. In a studio apartment with high ceilings, it allows you to get almost a second room in which you can equip an office or bedroom.

NIs it really possible to approve the construction of a mezzanine?

The construction of a residential mezzanine is not listed either among the redevelopments that require approval or among those that do not. The mezzanine can be considered built-in furniture, so it does not need to be approved, except in cases where there will be interference with the supporting structures of the house, when the mezzanine will have a lot of weight, for example, if heavy metal or reinforced concrete structures.

Sergey Novozhilov - expert on roofing materials with 9 years experience practical work in the field of engineering solutions in construction.