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SUBJECT: "Prominent personalities in the history of Kuban ».

Goals:

Introduce outstanding personalities in the history of Kuban

Develop the ability to use reference and encyclopedic literature.

Foster a sense of pride in your region and respect for its inhabitants.

Equipment: presentation photographs of fellow countrymen who glorified Kuban, signs and symbols “Defenders of the Fatherland”, “Science and Art”, “Sport”, “Agriculture”

Guys, how do you understand the expression “outstanding person”?

Why do you think outstanding people made history?

The name of which Russian empress is connected with the history of our region? CatherineII- Russian Empress. In 1792, she signed the Highest Charter granting the Black Sea Army the island of Phanagoria and the territory of the right bank of the Kuban, from the mouth of the Laba River to the mouth of the Yei River. In 1793, the Military Cossack government decided to build the city of Yekaterinodar.

The Kuban land is rich in poets and writers, artists and composers, athletes, people who defended our native land from enemies.

On the board there is a symbol “Defenders of the Fatherland” and photographs. Which of these people do you know?

Chepega Zakhary Alekseevich- Koshevoy Ataman of the Black Sea Army.

He led the resettlement of the Cossacks to Kuban. Golovaty Anton Andreevich

- one of the founders of the Black Sea Cossack Army. Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich

(1788 - 1851) - naval commander and navigator. Commander of the Black Sea Fleet. Nedorubov Konstantin Iosifovich - captain. Member of the First World War and

Civil War. In 1942, he commanded a squadron of people's militia and took part in the famous cavalry attacks of the 4th Kuban Cossack Corps against the Nazi invaders.

Alekseeko Vladimir Avraamovich(1923-1995) - Lieutenant General. During the Great Patriotic War made 292 combat pilots, destroyed 118 vehicles, 53 railway cars.

Which of these defenders of our locality (district) do we know?

The “Science and Art” symbol and photographs are hung on the board. Which of these people do you know?

Shcherbina Fedor Andreevich(1849 -1936) - founder of Russian budget statistics, local historian. Born in the village of Novoderevyankovskaya.

Author of “History of the Kuban Army.” Felitsyn Evgeniy Dmitrievich

(1848 -1903) - historian. Compiled maps of Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk, historical maps of Temryuk. Kropotkin Petr Alekseevich

(1842 - 1921) - geographer, geologist, author of works on the theory of anarchism. Lukyanenko Pavel Panteleimonovich

(1901 - 1973) - scientist-breeder.

He developed new varieties of wheat. Before the war he worked in the station. Korenovskaya.

Pustovoit Vasily Stepanovich- scientist-breeder. Bred new varieties of sunflower.

Nesterov Mikhail Vasilievich(1862 - 1942) - artist. Honored Artist of Russia. He worked on poetic and religious images. Lived and worked in Armavir.

Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilievich(1874 - 1940) - director, actor, teacher. He worked in Novorossiysk, organized several theater groups.

Ponomarenko Grigory Fedorovich- composer. Lived and worked in Krasnodar. Author of more than 200 songs about the Kuban land.

Zapashny Mstislav Mikhailovich

- circus artist, director and former head of the Sochi Circus.

Which scientific and artistic figures do you still know? Which of them was our fellow countryman? On the board there is a “Sports” sign and photographs.

Machuga Vladimir Nikolaevich- athlete. World and European champion in sports acrobatics. Native of St.

Pereyaslavskaya Bryukhovetsky district. Kramnik Vladimir Borisovich - chess player. International Grandmaster.

Born in Tuapse. Kafelnikov Evgeniy Alexandrovich -

tennis player. Born in Sochi.

Won the Open Championships of France and Australia. Which other athletes who glorified Kuban do you know? Agriculture sign.

Kuzovlev Anatoly Tikhonovich

- organizer of rural production.

Scientist-breeder.

Bred new varieties of sunflower.

Koshevoy Ataman of the Black Sea Army. He led the resettlement of the Cossacks to Kuban.

Organizer of rural production. For 30 years he has been heading one of the largest joint-stock agro-industrial enterprises in Kuban, Kolos. Circus performer, director and former manager

Sochi Circus.

Historian. Compiled maps of Ekaterinodar and Novorossiysk, historical maps of Temryuk.

1. Kramnik. 2. Pokryshkin. 3. Pustovoit. 4. Chepega. 5. Kuzovlev. 6. Zapashny. 7. Felitsyn. Homework:

compilation of a mini-encyclopedia “Outstanding Personalities of the Krasnodar Region”.

79 years ago, the USSR Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the division of the Azov-Black Sea region into the Krasnodar region and the Rostov region. Since then, neighboring regions have been constantly competing to see who is cooler, who is richer, where more famous people come from, and where it is better to go to live. In the last 10-20 years, the Krasnodar region has been an undoubted leader. This can be seen from the statistical data: the population is growing exponentially (there are almost 250 thousand more Krasnodar residents according to the results of the last census). It is clear that this is facilitated by climate, economic, and social conditions

. If the first is a natural gift, then the second is the merit of people.

Wheat from Kuban breeder Thanks to scientific inventions we eat, drink, heal, communicate, move faster than a horse's race and much more. And in this area, the Krasnodar region has something to be proud of. For example, she was born, lives and works in Kuban Lyudmila Bespalova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The territory of Kuban was formed from part of the territories occupied before the revolution by the Kuban region and the Black Sea province. At the III Extraordinary Congress of Soviets on May 30, 1918, a decision was made to merge the Kuban and Black Sea republics into a single Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Socialist Republic. Since March 1920 it became a region. In February 1924, the Kuban-Black Sea region became part of the vast North Caucasus region with its center in Rostov-on-Don. In January 1934, two regions were created from this region: Azov-Black Sea (center - Rostov-on-Don) and North Caucasus (center - Pyatigorsk). On September 13, 1937, the Azov-Black Sea region was divided into the Rostov region and the Krasnodar region.

“Now there are 7 billion of us on Earth,” the academician said in an interview with AiF-South. - By 2050, 9 billion are expected. About 40 years ago, the potential of our planet was estimated at 10 billion people. Now they say that the Earth can withstand 30 billion. But everyone needs to be fed. And wheat is the crop that provides humanity with the most calories."

Over the past forty years, wheat yields in the region, largely thanks to the work of Lyudmila Bespalova, have increased by 50 centners per hectare.

Vladimir Babeshko, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is known throughout the world for his research in seismology. And although no one on the planet has yet learned to predict where and, most importantly, when they will begin to move tectonic plates, Babeshko’s unique methods allow us to count on this soon.

“Soon we will be able to predict the time, location and intensity of an earthquake,” says the academician. - Now we have come as close as possible to this. Do you know why we've advanced with seismic engineering? Because the country has been given a grandiose task - to host the Sochi Olympics. And the responsibility fell on us to ensure seismic safety. I went to Vancouver, met with seismologists, watched how they worked during the Olympics. And in the end, we made our own system 3-4 times more powerful - the Canadians themselves admit that no other country had such a level of seismic safety. Yes, the Olympics are not a nuclear project that greatly advanced Soviet science, but during the preparation for it we created breakthrough things that no one in the West can do.”

Young people are not lagging behind the old guard either: last year the development made a splash in the scientific world Igor Ryadchikov, head of the laboratory of robotics and mechatronics of KubSU. Together with his colleagues, the young scientist created a universal chassis for robots, thanks to which the mechanism can move in any environment, open doors, climb stairs, overcome thresholds and obstacles.

“We looked at similar developments of our colleagues, understood how we could improve and improve them, and wrote a new mathematical model and created their own model,” says Igor Ryadchikov. - The result is a breakthrough technology in the field of moving mobile devices. There has never been anything like this anywhere and no one has it yet.”

The development has attracted the interest of many companies, was included in the opening list of the international robotics exhibition Innorobo and should enter the market next year.

Our “golden” ones

There have always been plenty of talented athletes in the region: if you look deeper into history, the first thing you should remember is the world famous strongman Ivan Poddubny. And in order not to go far, it is enough to remember the winners of the recent Olympics: judoist Beslan Mudranov, tennis player Elena Vesnina, boxer Evgeniy Tishchenko, handball team coach Evgeniy Trefilov and his players.

Unfortunately, it was not possible to bring medals to the Kuban trampoline athletes from the current Games, but this sport was and remains business card Krasnodar region. This is largely due to Vitaly Dubko - honored coach, the world's best trampoline mentor of the 20th century. This year Vitaly Fedorovich turned 80 years old, but he continues to work, giving his all, just like at the very beginning of his journey.

In 1965, Dubko, a young school teacher physical education, was called to judge the first National Cup in trampolining. And the former acrobat liked this sport so much that he returned to Krasnodar and began coaching. And in 1976, everyone learned about the Krasnodar trampoline: at the World Championships in Tulsa, America, Soviet trampolineists won all six gold medals, three of which were brought to Krasnodar by students of Vitaly Dubko Evgeniy Yanes And Evgeniy Yakovenko. It was then that the famous joke was born, saying that Pashkovka beat America.

In 2000, trampolining was included in the Olympic Games program for the first time, and Dubko students Irina Karavaeva And Alexander Moskalenko then they became the first Olympians.

“To be fair, now the trampoline is different: the score is no longer in hundredths, but in thousandths of points,” says Irina Karavaeva. - Nobody knows if there had been such competition 15-20 years ago, we would have won so many medals. In general, both I and Alexander Moskalenko, perhaps, are still Soviet system preparation. Our coach Vitaly Fedorovich Dubko spent days and nights in the gym. We were the last “products” of the Soviet system, and then a many-year gap arose. Yes, something has been appearing again lately, but you can feel the failure - time has been lost. A whole generation of coaches - my peers, who could lead to victories - has scattered around the world. One trains the US national team, the second trains Australia, the third has left the trampoline altogether. And we, as before, demand only gold medals from athletes. But we need to lower our ambitions a little, admit that we have lost a lot, and work, work, work.”

Alexander Moskalenko 16 years ago accomplished a real feat. Let us recall that in 1998 Moskalenko, the holder of the Guinness record for the number of victories at the world championships, left big sport and went into business. But when the trampoline was included in the Olympic program, he decided to return, because victory at the Olympics was not on Moskalenko’s huge list of achievements. The athlete lost 25 kg, got back into shape, went to Sydney and won.

Writer Vladimir Runov:

“I thought for a long time whether to return or not, because I had to turn my life upside down,” recalls Moskalenko. - At first I just wanted to try. When it became possible to fight the weight, recover, pump up, feel the body - only then did the understanding emerge that, in principle, it was possible to fight. The father’s words were decisive: “If you had a chance, but you didn’t even try, you will reproach yourself all your life. If you tried and lost, neither you nor anyone else can make a claim against you.”

"The Last of the Mohicans" rustic prose

Viktor Likhonosov It’s not for nothing that he is called a living classic of Russian literature: the author of “Our Little Paris” is indeed “the last of the Mohicans” of Russian village prose.

“Everything he wrote was written freshly, musically, very accurately,” said the famous Yuri Kazakov. “And everything is imbued with a sharp, even some kind of enthusiastic and sad love for a person.”

Now Likhonosov is finishing his next book, “Lonely Evenings in Peresyp,” which he defines as “prose memories.” And her lines are filled with quiet sadness, regret for the Russia that we have lost. So what did the country lose in the bloody twentieth century?

“We have lost the continuity of historical life,” says Viktor Likhonosov. - There are states in the world in which history, way of life, and traditions are continuously passed on from forefathers, grandfathers, fathers to children. For us, all this was interrupted in the seventeenth year. Then a terrible breakdown occurred, when what we had professed for centuries was ordered to be destroyed by the new government.”

Land-dream

“On September 13, the anniversary year begins. Our region has been developing for 80 years - both the economy and the socio-political spheres. Now it’s hard to believe that Kuban was once a marginal region that relied solely on Agriculture, - speaks Valery Kasyanov, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head. Department of Russian History of KubSU. - The region suffered many hardships and adversities: repression of the Cossacks, collectivization, famine. After 1937, the Cossacks practically ceased to exist, and those who remained could not express themselves out loud. That was the time. All this led to the fact that before the Great Patriotic War the composition of the population changed significantly. Kuban also had a hard time during the war years: it was here that the most severe air battles took place, the battle for Novorossiysk.

After the war, the region began to recover. And it happened quite quickly. Do you know why? In Soviet times, the basis for the development of the state was industry and the working class. No offense to them, but it should be noted that in the Kuban there lived mainly peasants who worked from dawn to dusk. Hardworking people truly devoted to their land. It is clear that the agricultural sector was developing. But then the formation of the resort industry began.

Gradually, the Krasnodar region turned into a desired region, a dream region. People wanted not just to come and relax, but to move and live. Today, almost 6 million people live in the region, and in terms of this indicator we are not far behind Moscow and the Moscow region.

We have always competed with the Rostov region. Although once upon a time both we and they were part of the united Azov-Black Sea region. So Rostov-on-Don has always been considered the capital, the gateway to the south. It was a city of over a million people with a well-developed industry, with higher salaries and jobs. For a very long time, many Kuban residents sought to go there to study, work and live. But in the last 25 years everything has changed dramatically. They leave from there and come to us to work and study. In 3-4 years, Krasnodar will officially become a million-plus city. And I'm not even talking about other neighboring regions, they are not even on par with our region.

Of course, a qualitative breakthrough occurred during the preparation for the Olympics. Investments poured into the region, and everyone wanted to become involved in this event. The construction of the Kerch Bridge gave a second wind to the development of the region.

The prospect for the Krasnodar Territory is clear: for several more years there will not be a region equal to Kuban in the Southern Federal District. But be content achieved results few. We need to preserve them and, of course, look for new unique projects that will help the region continue to bloom and develop.”

Municipal formation Tuapse district

Municipal budget educational institution

secondary school No. 34 town. Dzhubga

Class hour in grade 5 “B” on the topic:

Prepared by: Troshina A.V.

Class hour at 5 "B" on the topic: " Famous people of the Krasnodar region."

Objectives of the event:

P introduce students to outstanding personalities in the history of Kuban;

Foster a sense of pride in your region and respect for its inhabitants;

To develop feelings of patriotism through examples of heroism and dedication of famous representatives of the region;

To promote the formation of an active position aimed at the participation of young people in the economic and socio-political life of their region.

Equipment: computer, projector, image of the coat of arms, anthem, flag of Kuban.

Progress of the event.

1. Teacher's introduction .

Our today Classroom hour called “Famous people of the Krasnodar region. People are the main wealth of our region. Those who teach children, sow wheat, build, plow the oceans. And each of them dreams of a wonderful future for their children. The well-being and prosperity of the Krasnodar region is the result of the efforts of its inhabitants, the parents of the Kuban land, and its defenders. Today Kuban looks confidently into the future.

Native land! Your gardens and fields,

Chains of mountains, gray distance of the seas.

If only you were there, we would be alive

Your generosity and joy.

(I. Varrava)

2. Main part.

Now let's get acquainted with the heroes who glorified Kuban with their work.

Padalka Gennady Ivanovich(born June 21, 1958 in Krasnodar) – Russian cosmonaut, Air Force colonel. As of September 12, 2015, Padalka ranks first in terms of duration of stay in space - 878 days. Gennady Ivanovich Padalka was born on June 21, 1958 in the city of Krasnodar in the family of a tractor driver. 89th cosmonaut of Russia and 384th cosmonaut of the world, commander spaceship"Soyuz TM-28" and the orbital research complex "Mir", Russian cosmonaut, lieutenant colonel.
In October 1979 he graduated from the Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School named after V.M. Komarov. Since December 1979, he served as a pilot of the 559th Aviation Regiment of Fighter-Bombers as part of the 105th Aviation Division of Fighter-Bombers of the 61st Guards Fighter Aviation Corps of the 16th Air Army of the Air Force Group. Soviet troops in Germany.From August 13, 1998 to February 28, 1999, he made his first space flight as commander of the expedition to the Mir space station and the Soyuz TM-28 spacecraft. Launched together with S.V. Avdeev and Yu.M. Baturin. During the flight, he made one exit to open space, duration 5 hours 54 minutes. From April 19 to October 24, 2004, he made his second space flight as the commander of the crew of the main expedition of the ISS and the Soyuz TMA-4 spacecraft. At the station from April 21 to October 23, 2004. During the flight, he performed four spacewalks. The flight duration was 187 days 21 hours 16 minutes 9 seconds. From March 26 to October 11, 2009, he made his third space flight as commander of the Soyuz TMA-14 spacecraft and commander of the 19th and 20th main expeditions of the ISS. During the flight, he performed two spacewalks.Awarded: Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd (04/2/2010) and 4th (02/23/2005) degrees, medals. Laureate of the Russian Government Prize.

Ponomarenko Grigory Fedorovich - the great Soviet composer, People's Artist of the USSR, was born in the village of Morovsk, Ostersky district, Chernigov region in Ukraine, into a peasant family. Since childhood, Grigory Fedorovich showed a love for music. The text of the eleventh ends here slide In 1959-60 Fedor Grigorievich together with V.F. The Bokovs create the famous song “Orenburg Down Shawl.” In 1972, at the invitation of the Krasnodar Regional Committee, Grigory Fedorovich came to the “Kuban Musical Spring” festival. He liked it so much in Kuban that at the end of the summer of that year he became a local composer.

In the Kuban, Ponomarenko writes such famous songs as “The Cossack rode to Kuban”, “Krasnodar Spring”, “Oh dear village” (to the poems of Ivan Varavva), “Kubanochka”, “Labour Hands”, “Planted”, based on poems by local poets. I am gardens” (to the poems of Sergei Khokhlov), “I planted gardens.” “Khutora” (to the words of Tatyana Golub), “Krasnodar Red Street” (to the words of the poet Nikolai Dorizo). The text of the twelfth ends here slide G.F. Ponomarenko laureate of the prize named after. K.V. Rossinsky Administration of the Krasnodar Territory (1995), honorary citizen of the city of Krasnodar (1993), honorary member of the Krasnodar State Academy. Recording companies of the USSR, Russia, England, Japan, Germany, Finland have released more than 30 records of works by G.F. Ponomarenko, 4 CDs, about 30 collections of songs have been published. He is the author of music for performances staged on the stages of the Maly Theater of the USSR, theaters in Omsk, Kuibyshev, Gorky, and Rostov. Krasnodar and other cities. He wrote songs for the films “Stepmother”, “Fatherlessness”, “Ah, Autumn, Autumn”, etc. In 1985 I. G.F. Ponomarenko was awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR, and in 1990 - People's Artist of the USSR. Grigory Fedorovich died tragically - in a car accident, on January 7, 1996, a month before his 75th birthday. Throughout his life, G.F. Ponomarenko wrote music for about 970 works. On February 2, 2001, a monument to Grigory Fedorovich Ponomarenko was erected in Krasnodar and Memorial plaque at the house where he lived. By decree of the head of the administration of the Krasnodar region, the Memorial Museum-Apartment of People's Artist of the USSR G.F. was established. Ponomarenko.

Zakharchenko Viktor Gavrilovich artistic director Kuban Cossack Choir. On October 14, 1811, the foundation of professional musical activity in Kuban was laid, and a glorious creative path Black Sea Military Singing Choir. On October 14, 1974, Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko, a folklorist scholar, choirmaster and composer, was appointed artistic director of the choir. With the arrival of Viktor Gavrilovich to the leadership of the choir, the collective rose to the heights of creativity and gained worldwide fame.

Over the 35 years of his activity in Kuban, V. G. Zakharchenko managed to fully realize his artistic aspirations and lead the team to new creative frontiers. Today the group consists of 146 artists. During his time leading the choir, V. G. Zakharchenko turned the collective into an international-class ensemble. The geography of the choir's tours is vast; it is applauded on five continents and in dozens of countries around the world. Now he is based in Krasnodar, in his own building, specially allocated for him by the leadership of the Krasnodar region.

The choir actively took part in the opening and closing of the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games. The Cultural-Olympic project of the State Academic Kuban Cossack Choir has been prepared for the 2014 Olympics: “22 concerts of the Kuban Cossack Choir - for the XXII Winter Olympic Games in Sochi!" - this was a special Olympic tour of the group through the capitals of the Winter Olympics and c.

The concept of the Center created in 1990 was developed and implemented folk culture Kuban, later renamed the State Scientific and Creative Institution (STU) "Kuban Cossack Choir".

UpholsterersKronid Aleksandrovich Oboishchikov- the pride of Kuban poetry, a famous poet and public figure in Russia. He is a participant in the Great Patriotic War, glorifies the military feats of our multinational people, the heroism of our soldiers who bore the brunt of the war on their shoulders and, together with the selfless workers of the home front, achieved Victory. Kronid Aleksandrovich Oboishchikov was born on April 10, 1920 in the village of Tatsinovskaya, Rostov region. His school years were spent in the Kuban: in Bryukhovetskaya, Kropotkin, Armavir, Novorossiysk. At the end of 1940, K. Oboishchikov graduated from the Krasnodar Military Aviation School. From the first days of the war, he participated in fierce battles, defending Odessa and Kyiv. Then his air regiment covered allied caravans in the Barents and White Seas. For courage and heroism shown in battles with the Germans - fascist invaders. Kronid Oboishchikov was awarded three orders and twelve medals.

A the following people attracted the attention of the whole world, became heroes in sports, Olympic winners.

Kafelnikov Evgeniy Alexandrovich born in 1974 in Sochi, Krasnodar Territory. This is the most titled tennis player in Russian history. The first Russian tennis player won the Grand Slam singles tournament and became the first racket of the world.

Chernova Lyudmila Alexandrovna(born in 1955 in Norilsk) – Soviet track and field athlete, Olympic champion. Since 2012 - Minister of Physical Culture and Sports of the Krasnodar Territory.

Bragina Lyudmila Ivanovna(born in 1943 - Soviet middle-distance runner, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, competed for Dynamo (Krasnodar) Kuban represented 30 athletes at the Olympic and Paralympic Games in London.

And what kind famous people Do you know the Krasnodar region?

3. Conclusion.

Teacher: Of course, we didn’t have time to talk about everyone famous people our region. There are a lot of them. With their whole lives they proved that a heroic people lives in the Kuban and their deeds are heroic!

Please think about what contribution you, students of grade 5 “B”, can make to the development of Kuban?

Kuban is a land like this:

Only the first ray slides - And the field comes to life,

And the thunder of the earth floats, And the plow cuts off the earth,

Like butter. All year round

Something is being sown here, and something is being harvested,

And something is blooming. Kuban is a land like this:

From edge to edge Two Denmarks will enter.

Washed by the seas, hidden in the forests,

Wheat fields looking into the sky.

And snowy peaks - Like a gray-haired warrior,

Like the wisdom of old. Kuban is a land like this:

In it is the glory of battle and the glory of labor

Bonded with cement.

Fire Cossack,

Beautiful, young,

Kuban is a land like this:

One day he will caress you -

you will love forever!

The deep meaning inherent in the old saying gives the Cossack woman a special role in the events of our history. And it’s not for nothing that Cossacks celebrate Cossack Mother’s Day. The main purpose of a woman is to maintain a home. Her highest happiness is motherhood. However, life under martial law presented its own demands that had to be met.

During the development of Kuban, the Cossacks carried military service constantly and without exception, “everyone from 15 to 60 years old.” While the husband disappeared on campaigns, the wife managed the household herself. It often happened that she picked up a gun. As I wrote pre-revolutionary military historian Vasily Potto: “A woman, an eternal worker in peacetime, in moments of danger was a full-fledged fighter among the Cossacks, like her father, husband, son or brother.”

Young Cossack women were taught to ride a horse and fight

The Cossack girl was raised as a future wife, mother, homemaker, who knew any job - including men's. Until the age of 13, they even played the same games with boys, learning some military wisdom, such as horse riding. The girl could no longer just ride on horseback, but also handle the skiff and deftly wield a lasso, bow and self-propelled gun. To survive in conditions Caucasian War, you had to be able to defend yourself.

For more than two centuries, Cossacks have been celebrating Cossack Mother Day on December 4 (November 21, old style), which falls on the Entry into the Temple holiday Holy Mother of God. Empress Catherine the Great established a “woman’s holiday” in honor of the victory in the battle for the village of Naurskaya. In 1774, the village was surrounded by a nine-thousand-strong detachment of Tatars and Turks. The Cossacks were on a march, and one and a half hundred women came out onto the rampart to repel the onslaught. The Mozdok commandant described how desperately they fought:

“Some with guns, and others with scythes... some of the women turned out to be those who fired up to twenty charges from guns, and one of them, being with a scythe, was near the enemy, while rushing towards the rampart towards the slingshot, cut off his head and took possession of his gun.” .

Women dragged guns and fired buckshot. They boiled resin and poured it on the heads of the invaders. If you believe the legends, even a vat of “boiling pork soup” was used... Catherine II awarded the brave Cossack women with medals and established a holiday in their glory. The famous battle took place on Chechen soil. However, comparable military conflicts occurred throughout the developed lands.

St. George's Cross of Anna Serdyukova

More than once the Kuban Cossacks had to defend their villages. One of the sources tells about Ulyana Linskaya, a brave defender of the Poltava Kuren. Ulyana was honored as “the first heroic woman,” because “while repelling the attack of one of the attackers, Ulyana drowned herself in a barrel of kvass.” One of the most striking evidence of military valor dates back to 1862, when 35 Plastuns held the defense against the highlanders at the Lipkinsky post. When commander Efim Gorbatko was killed, his wife Marianna “with a terrible cry” rushed at the highlanders, protecting his corpse. Having killed one with a shot from a gun, she bayoneted the second...

Direct evidence from participants in the Russian-Caucasian War has survived to this day. Apollo Shpakovsky, who began his service as a midshipman and “became a Cossack by the will of fate and his superiors,” served on the front line of the Labinskaya line. He described an incident that occurred in the 40s. XIX century with 16-year-old Cossack Anna Serdyukova. Anna was working in the garden when she noticed six horsemen approaching.

“The highlander, who was chasing her closer, threw a dagger at his victim, but fate did not allow her to die: the dagger, flying from the side, stuck far in front... Instinctively, she grabbed the fallen dagger, holding it with the tip back. At this time, the highlander ran up and grabbed her, but by what chance, she herself does not remember, the dagger went right through the stomach of the highlander, who fell down with her.” The girl was captured, apparently, there was a fact of violence... She came to her senses when the mountaineers stopped for the night. The captive, “not feeling threatened by her,” was not tied up. Anna waited until everyone was asleep, took the dagger from the leader and plunged it into his throat. She grabbed the saber and pistol of the dead man and began to chop... The last one, who managed to jump up, “under the influence panic fear started to run; but the frenzied Anna chased after him, and the shot stopped him in his tracks.” Anna Serdyukova received the St. George Cross of the first degree, a lifelong pension of 50 silver rubles and a gold bracelet - a gift from the commander-in-chief, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov.

The famous chronicler Fyodor Shcherbina also left a lot of evidence about desperate Cossack women. For example, when the mountaineers attacked the village of Pashkovskaya, one resourceful widow, “taking a couple of oxen out of the stall, tied them in plain sight.” After which, having taken an “advantageous position”, she began to “meet the Circassians” with well-aimed shots.

"Hussar Ballad" on Kuban soil

The story of Serdyukova is a “standard” example of how “the high breast of a Cossack woman was decorated with George for a military feat.” An example of a “non-standard” is Elena Choba, a native of the village of Rogovskaya. She went to war after her husband, who died on the fronts of the First World War. She came to Lieutenant General Babych with short hair, wearing a Circassian coat and a hat. Ladies were not allowed to participate in combat service at that time. Permission was given to “Cossack Mikhail Chobe.” And soon in the “Kuban Cossack Messenger” there was correspondence about “Mikhail”: “The enemy tried to pin down one of our units and batteries in a tight ring, Chobe managed to break through and save two of our batteries from death, which had absolutely no idea about the proximity of the Germans. For his heroic deed, Choba received the St. George Cross.”

There were others... They served so well that their gender was revealed only as a result of severe wounds. In 1915, the Kuban Regional Gazette reported that in the Kiev infirmary “there is a girl ensign Alexandra Lagereva, a boarding school student who fled to the war under male name... Lagereva, being at the head of six Cossacks, captured 18 German lancers.” The Ekaterinodar “high school student” was awarded the St. George Cross of three degrees. Unfortunately, for obvious reasons, very little or nothing is known about many “heroes”. Including - about the Kuban Cossack Matveeva, the first woman awarded the cross.

"Women's Riots"

Historians call “Amazonism” a phenomenon universal for different times and peoples. But among Cossack women it is special, since it manifested itself not only in war. Men, when civil courage was required, retreated, and they invited fire on themselves. A separate page in the history of the region is the “women's riots”.

An old resident of Mingrelskaya, Sergei Damnitsky, spoke about the events of the hungry year of 1932:

“Closer to the market, there is a post office. The women got together. Well, here it is - “Give us a king” - the krychaly. The Tsar?.. Yak gave the Tsar! They took it and gave it a whip. Right now we are the king's ladies! Women’s uprising, men’s rebellion is not happening.”

The most famous riot - in 1990 - thundered throughout the country. Then, due to events in Nagorno-Karabakh announced the mobilization of men. Kuban women went to protest rallies - and husbands, sons and brothers returned home...

Igor Vasiliev, candidate of historical sciences:

The norm among the Kuban Cossacks, like everyone else Eastern Slavs, was considered patriarchy. This was also facilitated by the military specificity of the Cossack culture. However, the Cossack warrior spent a lot of time in the service. Many chores, often male, were placed on the shoulders of a woman. The Cossack woman had to be strong and make decisions. As a result, different families and different villages developed their own special way of life. Often with a bias towards radical patriarchy. Sometimes - in favor of Cossack status. IN different cases Various factors were at work.

The Cossack mother is a significant historical character. Smart, businesslike, bright... Perhaps her main feat is that under the Soviets she managed to preserve Cossack traditions, folklore, Orthodox faith. When the Cossacks, primarily men, were exterminated and broken.

Tatiana Skryagina
Prominent people of Kuban. Part 1

Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko

(1920 – 1994)

Flight commander of the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment (325th Night Bomber Aviation Division, 4th Air Army, 2nd Belorussian Front). Guard lieutenant, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was born on December 1, 1920 in Krasnodar into a working-class family. She graduated from high school in Tikhoretsk, Krasnodar Territory, and studied at the airship-building institute (hereinafter Moscow Aviation Technology Institute).

E. A. Zhigulenko graduated from the pilot school at the Moscow flying club. She was in the Red Army from October 1941. In 1942, she graduated from navigator courses at the Military Aviation School of Pilots and advanced training courses for pilots.

She was on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War from May 1942, by November 1944 she made 773 night combat sorties, inflicting great damage on the enemy in manpower and equipment.

While still a schoolgirl, Zhenya decided to complete two classes in a year. I spent the whole summer studying textbooks and successfully passed my exams. From seventh grade - straight to ninth! In the tenth grade, she wrote an application asking to be enrolled as a student of the Air Force engineering academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky. She was told that women were not accepted into the academy.

Another would have calmed down and started looking for something else to do. But Zhenya Zhigulenko was not like that. She writes a hot, excited letter to the People's Commissar of Defense. And she receives an answer that the question of her admission to the academy will be considered if she receives a secondary aviation technical education.

Zhenya enters the Moscow Airship Construction Institute, and at the same time graduates from the Central Aero Club. V. P. Chkalova.

At the beginning of the war, Evgenia Andreevna made persistent attempts to get to the front, and her efforts were crowned with success. She begins service in the regiment, which later became the Taman Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov aviation regiment of night bombers. The brave pilot spent three years at the front. She had 968 combat missions behind her, after which enemy warehouses, convoys, and airfield structures burned.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 23, 1945, Evgenia Andreevna Zhigulenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and two Orders of the Red Star.

After the war, Evgenia Zhigulenko spent another ten years serving in the Soviet Army, graduated from the Military-Political Academy, then worked in cultural institutions Kuban. The versatility of Evgenia Andreevna’s nature was manifested in the fact that she mastered another profession - film director. Her first feature film “There are “night witches” in the sky” dedicated to fellow pilots and navigators of the famous regiment.

Elena Choba

Kuban Cossack woman, under the name Mikhail Choba, fought on the fronts of the First World War. She was awarded the St. George medals of the 3rd and 4th degrees, the St. George Cross of the 4th class.

About two centuries ago, among the Russian troops fighting against Napoleon's army, they started talking about the mysterious cornet Alexander Alexandrov. As it turned out later, the cavalry maiden Durova served under this name in the Lithuanian Lancer Regiment. No matter how much Nadezhda hid her belonging to the fair sex, the rumor that a woman was fighting in the army spread throughout Russia. The unusual nature of this incident worried everyone for a long time. society: the young lady preferred the hardships of military life and the mortal risk to reading sentimental novels. A century later Kuban Cossack village Rogovskaya Elena Choba stood up in front of the village society to petition to be sent to the front.

On July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. When the news reached Yekaterinodar, an urgent mobilization of everyone began parts and units - messengers went to remote villages. Conscripts, saying goodbye to peaceful life, saddled their horses. Rogov Cossack Mikhail Choba also gathered for the front. Equipping a young Cossack into a cavalry regiment was difficult: you need to buy a horse, ammunition - the list of complete Cossack documents included more than 50 necessary things. The Choba couple did not live well, so they sent the horseless Mikhail on a cart to the Plastunov regiment.

Elena Choba was left alone - to work and manage the household. But it is not in the Cossack character to sit quietly when native land the enemy has come. Elena decided to go to the front, stand up for Russia and went to the respected residents in the village council. The Cossacks gave their permission.

After the village elders supported Elena’s request to be sent to the front, she had a meeting with the boss Kuban region. Elena came to an appointment with Lieutenant General Mikhail Pavlovich Babych with short-cropped hair, wearing a gray cloth Circassian cap and a hat. After listening to the petitioner, the ataman gave permission to be sent to the army and gave a fatherly farewell to the Cossack Mikhail (she chose to be called by this name).

And a few days later the train rushed Elena-Mikhail to the front. The magazine told about how the Rogovchanka fought « Kuban Cossack Herald» : “In the heat of the fire, under the incessant roar of cannons, under the continuous rain of machine-gun and rifle bullets, according to the testimony of our comrades, our Mikhailo did his job without fear or reproach.

Looking at the young and intrepid figure of their brave comrade-in-arms, his comrades tirelessly walked forward towards the enemies behind Mikhail, not at all suspecting that under the Circassian Cossack coat was hiding the Rogov Cossack Elena Choba. During our retreat, when the enemy tried to pin down one of our part and batteries, Elena Chobe managed to break through the enemy’s ring and save two of our batteries, which had absolutely no idea about the proximity of the Germans, from death, and remove the batteries from the closing German ring without any damage on our part. For this heroic feat, Choba received the St. George Cross, 4th degree.

For her fights, Elena Choba received the 4th and 3rd degree St. George medals and the 4th degree St. George Cross. She refused the latter, leaving it with the regimental banner.”

Further information about the fate of the famous Rogovchanka is contradictory. Some saw Elena in the village wearing a Red Army budenovka on her head, others heard that after the battle near the village of Slavyanskaya she was shot by the whites, others said that she emigrated.

Only many years later did some details of the life of the Cossack fighting heroine become known. In 1999, in the Krasnodar Local Lore Museum-Reserve named after. E. D. Felitsyn exhibition opened "Russian destinies". Among the exhibits was a photograph of an American theatrical troupe « Kuban horsemen» , donated to the museum by a 90-year-old Cossack from Canada. The photo was taken in 1926 in the city of San Luis. In the front row, wearing a white Circassian cap and hat, stands the legendary Cossack woman Elena Choba from Kuban village Rogovskaya.

Anton Andreevich Golovaty

(1732 or 1744, Poltava province - 01/28/1797, Persia)

The whole history of the Cossacks Kuban until the end of the 18th century, it was inextricably linked with the name of military judge Anton Andreevich Golovaty. This is an extraordinary, gifted, original personality.

Anton Golovaty was born in the town of New Sandzhary, Poltava province in 1732 (according to other sources, in 1744) in a rich Little Russian family. He studied at the Kyiv Theological Academy, but dreaming of military feats, he went to the Zaporozhye Sich. For the courage, literacy and lively mind of the young Cossack, the Cossacks christened him "Golovaty".

Being a cheerful and witty man, Golovaty served easily, quickly moving up the ranks - from a simple Cossack to a chieftain. For his military exploits he was awarded orders and letters of gratitude from Catherine II.

But his main merit is that the delegation of the Black Sea Cossacks achieved the signing on June 30, 1792 of a manifesto on allocating the Black Sea people with land in Taman and Kuban.

Anton Golovaty had an innate diplomatic talent, which was clearly reflected in his administrative and civil activities. After moving to Kuban, acting as a chieftain, Anton Andreevich supervised the construction of roads, bridges, and postal stations. In order to better control the army, he introduced "Order of common benefit"- a law establishing the permanent power of the rich elite in the army. He demarcated Kuren villages, divided the Black Sea region into five districts, and strengthened the border.

Golovaty was also involved in diplomatic negotiations with Trans-Kuban Circassian princes who expressed a desire to accept Russian citizenship.

On February 26, 1796, Anton Golovaty led a thousand-strong detachment of Cossacks and entered into "Persian Campaign", but unexpectedly fell ill with a fever and died on January 28, 1797.

Kirill Vasilievich Rossinsky

(1774–1825)

For a long time the name of this wonderful man was forgotten. He lived only 49 years, but how much good, eternal, reasonable things he did! The son of a priest, military archpriest Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky came to Kuban June 19, 1803. This talented, educated man devoted his entire short life to a noble cause - the education of the Cossacks. Kirill Vasilyevich in his sermons explained to believers about the benefits of education and the importance of schools for the people. In 27 churches he opened in the region, he organized the collection of money for the construction of schools. For a long time, Kirill Vasilyevich himself taught at the Ekaterinodar School. There were no textbooks, so all training was conducted according to Rossinsky’s "handwritten notebooks". Later, Kirill Vasilievich wrote and published a textbook « Brief rules spelling", which went through two editions - in 1815 and 1818. Now these books are stored in a special collection of the Russian State Library as unique publications. Kirill Vasilyevich Rossinsky devoted a lot of spiritual strength and knowledge to literature and science, wrote poetry, historical and geographical essays. In Yekaterinodar he was also known as a physician who rushed to the sick at any time and in any weather. His dedication, selflessness, and kindness amazed his contemporaries.

In 1904, the library opened at the Dmitrievsky School by the Ekaterinodar Charitable Society was named after Rossinsky. In honor of Kuban educator named one of the universities in Krasnodar - Institute international law, economics, humanities and management.

Mikhail Pavlovich Babych

Mikhail Pavlovich Babych, the son of one of the valiant officers who conquered the Western Caucasus - Pavel Denisovich Babych, about whose exploits and glory the people composed songs. All paternal qualities were bestowed on Mikhail, who was born on July 22, 1844 in the family house in Ekaterinodar on Bursakovskaya Street, 1 (corner Krepostnoy). From the early age the boy was being prepared for military service.

After successfully graduating from the Mikhailovsky Voronezh Cadet Corps and the Caucasian Training Company, young Babych began to gradually move up the military ranks and receive military orders. In 1889 he was already a colonel. On February 3, 1908, a decree was issued appointing him, already with the rank of lieutenant general, as an appointed ataman Kuban Cossack Army. With a harsh hand and harsh measures, he restores order in Ekaterinodar, where at that time terrorist revolutionaries were rampant. Under the constant threat of death, Babych fulfilled his responsible duty and strengthened his Kuban economics and morality. In a short period of time, they did a lot of general cultural and good deeds. The Cossacks called ataman "Ridy Batko", since every Cossack personally felt his care, his zeal. M. Babych’s general cultural activities were appreciated not only by the Russian population. He was deeply respected by other peoples who lived on Kuban. It was only thanks to his cares and efforts that the construction of the Black Sea- Kuban Railway, the attack on Kuban plavni.

March 16, 1917 official newspaper in last time reported about the former Nakazny Ataman Mikhail Pavlovich Babych. In August 1918, he was brutally murdered by the Bolsheviks in Pyatigorsk. The body of the long-suffering general was buried in the tomb of Catherine's Cathedral.

Memory of a great patriot and guardian Kuban land M P. Babyche, the last Nakazny Ataman, is alive in the hearts of the Russian people. On August 4, 1994, on the spot where Ataman’s ancestral house stood, the cultural foundation Kubansky Cossacks, a memorial plaque was unveiled (the work of A. Apollonov, perpetuating his memory.

Alexey Danilovich Bezkrovny

Among hundreds of Russian names, shining in the rays of military glory, the name of the valiant Punished Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack Army Alexei Danilovich Bezkrovny is attractive with special magnetism. He was born into a wealthy chief officer family. In 1800, a fifteen-year-old

Alexey Bezkrovny, brought up in his grandfather’s military traditions, enlisted in the Cossacks and left his father’s house - Shcherbinovsky kuren.

Already in the first skirmishes with the mountaineers, the teenager discovered amazing dexterity and fearlessness.

In 1811, during the formation of the Black Sea Guards Hundred, A. Bezkrovny, outstanding combat officer, who possessed extraordinary physical strength, had a penetrating mind and a noble soul, was enlisted in its original composition and honorably carried the rank of guardsman through the entire Patriotic War of 1812 - 1814. For courage and bravery at the Battle of Borodino, Alexei Bezkrovny received the rank of centurion. During the retreat of Kutuzov's army from Mozhaisk to Moscow, the fearless Cossack fought off all enemy attempts to break forward for 4 hours. For this feat and other avant-garde military deeds, Bezkrovny was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "For bravery". The retreating enemy tried to burn the ships with grain, but the guards did not allow the French to destroy the grain. For his valor, Bezkrovny was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with a bow. At Platov’s request, Bezkrovny and the Black Sea hundred were enlisted in his corps. WITH light hand M.I. Kutuzov himself, the Cossacks called him "commander without error".

On April 20, 1818, Alexey Danilovich received the rank of colonel for military services. In 1821, he returned to his father’s land and continues to serve in the detachment of another hero of the Patriotic War, General M. G. Vlasov. In May 1823, he was sent with the 3rd cavalry regiment to the border of the Kingdom of Poland, and then Prussia. From his next campaign, A.D. Bezkrovny returned to the Black Sea region only on March 21, 1827. And six months later (September 27) he, as the best and most talented military officer, by the Highest will, is appointed military, and then the Ataman.

In May - June 1828 A.D. Bezkrovny with his detachment participates in the siege of the Turkish fortress of Anapa under the command of Prince A. S. Menshikov. For the victory over the Turks and the fall of the impregnable fortress, A. Bezkrovny was promoted to the rank of major general and awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree. Then - for new exploits - a second golden saber decorated with diamonds.

Two features were especially characteristic of Bloodless: rare courage in battles and deep humanity in peaceful life.

In January 1829, Alexey Danilovich commanded one of the detachments directed against the Shapsugs. In 1930, the Cossack knight again participates in the fight against abreks, with the famous Kazbich himself, who threatened the Cossack city of Ekaterinodar. In the same year he built Kuban three fortifications: Ivanovsko-Shebskoye, Georgie-Afipskoye and Alekseevskoye (named after Alexei Bezkrovny himself).

The health of the famous chieftain was undermined. His heroic odyssey is over. The appointment of A.D. Bezkrovny as Ataman of the Black Sea Cossack Army aroused envy among the tribal Cossack aristocracy. He, the hero of 1812, could fight and defeat the external enemies of the Fatherland. But he couldn’t overcome the internal envious people. Hunted down by enemies, with an unhealing wound in his side, Bezkrovny lived secludedly in his Ekaterinodar estate. He gave 28 years of service to the Fatherland. Participated in 13 large military campaigns, 100 separate battles - and did not know a single defeat.

Alexei Danilovich died on July 9, 1833, the day of the holy martyr Theodora, and was buried in the almshouse courtyard, at the first Cossack cemetery located here.

Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko

I will happy if my songs live among the people.

V. G. Zakharchenko

Composer, artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir, Honored Artist and People's Artist of Russia, Honored Artist of Adygea, People's Artist of Ukraine, Laureate of the State Prize of Russia, Professor, Hero of Labor Kuban, Academician of the International Academy of Information, Academician of the Russian Academy of Humanities, Dean of the Faculty of Traditional Culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art, Chairman charitable foundation revival of folk culture Kuban"Origins", member of the Union of Composers of the Russian Federation, member of the presidium of the Russian Choral Society and the All-Russian Musical Society.

The future composer lost his father early; he died in the first months of the Great Patriotic War. The memory of her mother, Natalya Alekseevna, remained in the smell of the bread she baked and in the taste of her homemade sweets. The family had six children. Mom always worked, and while working, she usually sang. These songs came so naturally into children’s lives that over time they became a spiritual need. The boy listened to wedding round dances and the playing of local virtuoso accordionists.

In 1956, Viktor Gavrilovich entered the Krasnodar Music and Pedagogical School. After graduating, he became a student at the Novosibirsk State Conservatory. M. I. Glinka at the Faculty of Choral Conducting. Already in his 3rd year, V.G. Zakharchenko was invited to a high position - chief conductor of the State Siberian Folk Choir. The next 10 years of work in this position is a whole era in the development of the future master.

1974 was a turning point in the fate of V. G. Zakharchenko. A talented musician and organizer becomes the artistic director of the State Kuban Cossack Choir. Started happy and an inspired time for the creative rise of the team, the search for its original Kuban repertoire, creation of a scientific-methodological and concert-organizational base. V. G. Zakharchenko - founder of the Center for Folk Culture Kuban, children's art school at Kuban Cossack Choir. But his main brainchild is the State Kuban Cossack Choir. The choir has achieved stunning results in many venues peace: in Australia, Yugoslavia, France, Greece, Czechoslovakia, America, Japan. Twice, in 1975 and 1984, he won the All-Russian competitions of State Russian folk choirs. And in 1994 he received the highest title - academic, was awarded two State bonuses: Russia - im. M.I. Glinka and Ukraine - named after. T. G. Shevchenko.

Patriotic pathos, feeling of one's own belonging folk life , civil responsibility for the fate of the country - this is the main line of Viktor Zakharchenko’s composing work.

IN last years he expands his musical and thematic range, ideological and moral orientation of his creativity. The lines of poems by Pushkin, Tyutchev, Lermontov, Yesenin, Blok, Rubtsov sounded differently. The framework of the traditional song has already become narrow. Confessional ballads, reflective poems, and revelation songs are created. This is how poems appeared "I will ride"(based on verses by N. Rubtsov, "The power of the Russian spirit"(based on poems by G. Golovatov, new editions of the poem "Rus" (to verses by I. Nikitin).

The titles of his works speak for themselves - "Alarm"(based on verses by V. Latynin, “You can’t understand Russia with your mind”(based on poems by F. Tyutchev, "Help the weaker" (to verses by N. Kartashov).

V. G. Zakharchenko revived traditions Kubansky military singing choir, founded in 1811, including in its repertoire, in addition to folk and original songs, Orthodox spiritual chants. With the blessing of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus', the State Kubansky Cossack choir takes participation in church services. In Russia, this is the only team that has been awarded such a high honor.

Viktor Gavrilovich Zakharchenko - professor, dean of the faculty of traditional culture of the Krasnodar State University of Culture and Art. He conducts extensive scientific research activities; he has collected over 30 thousand folk songs and traditional rituals - a historical heritage Kuban village; collections of songs published Kuban Cossacks; Hundreds of arrangements and folk songs have been recorded on records, CDs, and videos.