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Fans have long been affordable and effective devices that help maintain the desired microclimate in an apartment or office. The health, well-being and performance of people in the room will depend on the pressure, temperature, relative humidity, and air flow speed of such a device.

Device structure

The most simple device For forced circulation The air in the room is a fan - an impeller with blades mounted on a motor shaft without a gearbox. All fans with open blades have a very unpleasant " by-effect» – noise arising due to a sharp change in the speed and direction of the air flow on the blades. At low speeds the sound resembles the hum of a low-flying airplane, at high speeds it sounds like a whistle.

The famous English scientist James Dyson worked for a long time to create a device for indoor air convection that operates without noise and drafts. He tested Nikola Tesla's idea of ​​accelerating air flow using high-frequency electric field high voltage. Soon the scientist abandoned this idea - high voltage required good insulation and created toxic oxides of nitrogen and metals due to the glow discharge between the electrodes.

The second idea Dyson tried was his own. He wanted to create a fan without the main drawback - increased noise during operation, resulting from a sharp change in the speed and direction of air flow. The scientist made the fan housing, reminiscent of an airplane wing in profile, in the shape of a ring with a slit-like slot for air to escape around the circumference. A high-speed air turbine without blades, similar in design to a water mill, is located at the bottom of the housing. It sucks air through the slots and supplies it to the second turbine high pressure, located at the top near the ring. Compressed air escapes at high speed through a narrow slot in the plastic ring.

The pressure drop as air exits through the gap, which resembles an airplane wing in profile, twists the surrounding air into a spiral. A powerful air spiral, similar to a large donut, moves forward along the axis of the ring, intensively entraining the surrounding air according to Bernoulli's law and creating a zone of turbulence around itself.

The design of the bladeless fan turbine is protected by a patent, therefore, it is not possible to describe in detail the structure of the main assembly of a bladeless fan. According to information from open sources, it is known that the fan turbine uses Air Multiplier technology. According to independent examination, the type of bladeless fan is one of the quietest and most economical. It is ISO certified.

Operating principle

The operation of the tabletop bladeless fan is based on the principle of a centrifugal air turbine. During operation, a soft air flow occurs, which comfortably cools the air in the summer heat. The speed and distribution of the flow do not create drafts. Air is sucked into the device through narrow slots using a bladeless impeller mounted on the shaft of a high-speed motor without a gearbox. The design of the impeller resembles a gas turbine.

To reduce noise, the intake air passes through a Hemholtz chamber, which absorbs noise due to reverse resonance. Next, the air is supplied through a tube to a ring with a slotted hole around the perimeter, which cross section resembles an airplane wing. At the outlet, the air forms a laminar flow, which, due to the aerodynamic profile of the slot opening, flows out at high speed, causing a pressure drop in the high-speed air flow zone.

According to Bernoulli's law, the pressure drop in the high-speed flow zone carries the surrounding air with it, increasing the mass moving at high speed by almost fifteen times. The impact of a bladeless fan on the indoor microclimate can be greatly enhanced if the reservoir in the housing is filled with water or a simple fan is placed in front of the fan in the direction of air movement. ultrasonic humidifier. The air temperature drops by 3-5°C. If more intensive cooling is required, the reservoir can be filled instead of water:

• dry ice (t – 78.5°C);
• a mixture of ice and salt (23.1% NaCl, 76.9% ice, t – 21.2°C);
• a mixture of ice and calcium chloride (29.9% CaCl2, 70.1% ice, t – 55°C).

Next year, Exhale Fans begins production of a ceiling model of a bladeless fan developed by Nick Heiner. The ceiling location of the fan ensures a more correct distribution of cool air along the walls in downward flows. Compared to the floor model, the innovative fan eliminates the occurrence of turbulent air flows and drafts, and also does not take up extra space on the floor.

Advantages and disadvantages

Bladeless fans, like other models, have a number of advantages and disadvantages. Advantages:

• there are no exposed moving parts, this ensures the safety of children and animals;
• do not dry out the air;
• do not require maintenance.

Flaws:

• noise during operation is about 40 decibels;
• relatively high price;
• fragile body design.

Types of bladeless fans

Table fan allows you to serve Fresh air on workplace, cool powerful computer equipment, hot meals and drinks, aromatherapy at home. It can be easily carried from one place to another. The floor fan is designed to be installed on the floor. High power and air flow speed make it possible to provide comfortable conditions in separate room, office or apartment. A slight increase in noise can be eliminated by moving the device away from the person. The shape and parameters of the fan allow you to completely replace the air in the room in a few hours.

The portable fan can be used on the beach, in tourist trip , caves, desert, tent, train, car, on a yacht on the open sea. Most portable models are powered by a built-in battery or a computer USB port; more expensive ones are powered by solar panels. Their main advantages are low weight and size, energy autonomy. Special place Among the portable models are automotive bladeless fans powered by a 12V vehicle network. They are much cheaper than car air conditioners, they allow you to quickly ventilate the car interior, remove gasoline odors, diesel fuel, automotive enamel, synthetic glue and primer.

How to choose?

First of all, you need to determine Fan installation location:

• on the desktop;
• on the ceiling;
• on the floor indoors;
• portable or portable;
• inside the car.

In offices, it is best to use desktop or floor-standing models from Dyson. They are designed for areas where people work and are fully ISO compliant. Inside the fan housing are:

• high-speed centrifugal turbine;
• electrostatic generator of O3 ozone aeroions;
• Peltier element for heating (cooling) air;
• ultrasonic emitter for spraying water.

Dyson bladeless fans can serve as an adequate replacement for an air conditioner and ionizer in room volumes up to 40 cubic meters. m.

Care and maintenance

Bladeless fans are durable and do not require special care or maintenance. Like all household electrical appliances, they should not be turned on if moisture gets inside the housing or in rooms with a relative humidity above 85%. Before turning it on for the first time in a new place, you need to check the voltage in the outlet (220V). The product can only be repaired by qualified personnel with a clearance group of at least IV. Filling the internal tank with water can only be done after disconnecting the fan from the mains. If the device is dropped from high altitude, it must be inspected by a specialist before turning it on. This must be done even when the fan is working after a fall and there are no visible cracks or chips on the case.

Can I do it myself?

To assemble a fan with your own hands, you need to have plumbing and electrical installation work, and also purchase all the necessary parts in the store. For a bladeless fan you need to purchase:

• PVC pipes of various diameters;
• hacksaw;
• ruler or construction tape;
• slate pencil or marker;

• “zero” skin;
• plastic food container for food;
• knife with a sharp blade;
• insulating tape;

• hammer drill and drills included;
• crown for woodworking;
• universal glue;
• a piece of fiberglass for window insulation;

• electric jigsaw;
• nitroenamel in an aerosol can;
• LED strip;
• electric soldering iron 220V;

One of the new products on the climate equipment market is a bladeless fan. The device simultaneously arouses interest and doubt among potential buyers. Unusual bladeless fan surprises appearance And functionality.

Some people decide to purchase it, while others worry that the money will be wasted. To dispel doubts about the performance of the equipment, you need to take a closer look at its structure, operating principle and operating features.

The model, radically different in appearance from others familiar to many since childhood, was invented in 2009. Its creator is James Dyson.

He worked for about 30 years on options for improving the vacuum cleaner and other household and industrial equipment. This English developer came up with many interesting and useful inventions, patents for which were sold in different countries peace.

Bladeless models allow you to relax peacefully, enjoying the coolness and without worrying that one of your pets or children will get hurt if they get caught in the fan blades

All of his developments are distinguished by exquisite design and improved functionality. Mr. Dyson, working to improve the hygienic hand dryer, took the principle of its operation as a basis for his new invention. So, in 2009, a special fan appeared that did not have blades.

J. Dyson's leading engineers spent about 4 years simulating a fan ring that could most effectively pass air through itself, multiplying it many times over.

Already in 2010, a bladeless device from Dyson was sold in the inventor’s homeland for 199 British pounds. This price can hardly be called popular, but there were many who wanted to acquire an innovative fan.

Therefore, now on the market you can find similar equipment from various manufacturers, including budget Chinese models.

In the near future, users will be able to try a new product - ceiling option bladeless fan. This is Exhale Fans equipment designed by Nick Heiner

Design and operation of a bladeless device

A fan without blades is often called a Dyson fan in honor of its creator, or, as he himself called the device, an Air Multiplier. This original invention is in demand due to its ability to create a uniform air flow and fit perfectly into any interior.

The multiplier looks stylish, and the presence of analogues on the market makes it accessible to a wide range of consumers.

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However, the price of such new products exceeds $300.

Depending on the model, the device itself will differ. After all, what more features it can perform, the more buttons there will be on the control panel.

A fan without blades consists of the following parts:

• frame;
• control Panel;
• blower

The housing contains a motor that is responsible for the operation of the device. There are also special holes on this part through which air will be drawn in when the multiplier is turned on.

The appearance of the device from all manufacturers may differ significantly, as well as size, functionality and cost.

The fan can be controlled mechanically or electronically using a panel. In most cases it is provided remote control. Many models from various manufacturers are equipped with a remote control that operates, on average, at a distance of 3 meters.

The control panel provides:

• on/off button;
• rheostat for adjusting the speed of operation;
• other buttons depending on the multiplier model and the functions provided by the manufacturer.

The blower has a round or oval shape. Its size depends entirely on the model of the product. This part of the fan can have a clear geometric shape or be in the shape of a heart, apple, etc.

Air multipliers can be divided into 3 types based on installation method:

• floor;
• desktop;
• wall-mounted

The first 2 types refer to portable devices, and the last one to stationary devices. Manufacturers often provide two options for one model: wall mounting and table mounting. In this case, the fan must be equipped with brackets and dowels.

When hanging the device on the wall, it is important to use the components offered by the manufacturer. Otherwise you may lose your warranty

Dyson fan: operating principle

Bladeless fans are capable of passing through up to 500 liters of air in 1 second. The output flow is evenly distributed, gently enveloping the entire space. At visual inspection moving parts are not visible outside the operating device. This is exactly what an air multiplier looks like at first glance.

The principle is efficient work a bladeless fan is to multiply the drawn air multiple times at the outlet. This occurs due to the special shape of the blower and the presence of a specially shaped hollow channel inside it.

Among the manufacturers offering their bladeless equipment are the following companies: Flextron, SUPRA(Supra), UNISVET, Clever and Clean, Roward, Dyson, Coolguy, Aaron, RENOVA, Orion, Bladeless, BiLux, MAGNIT.

The price range of bladeless devices from these companies is from 2,000 to 35,000 rubles or more.

An important characteristic that affects the level of comfort when using a fan is the noise level. It can be 40 dB, 55 dB, 60 dB or more. This the most important parameter, which should be taken into account before purchasing.

When the fan noise is 60 dB or higher, a person will feel tired and may have a headache after just an hour of operation.

Manufacturers indicate the noise level of a specific model in technical specifications. Moreover, this is the maximum level that is achieved when the equipment operates at maximum speed. For cheap devices, the declared noise level may not correspond to reality.

Pros and cons of bladeless fans

The air multiplier has its advantages and negative sides identified by users.

Among positive aspects you can note:

• safety;
• uniform air flow;
• minimal electricity consumption;
• convenient control;
• ease of care;
• stylish design.

Safety is ensured by the absence of blades and other moving parts outside the product. Also, thanks to the motor located below and the absence of vibration from the rotation of the blades, the entire structure turned out to be stable.

The special shape of the blower ring allows the fan to gently and evenly distribute air flow throughout the room

Electricity consumption is most often 25 W and 40 W. Models with other characteristics are less common.

Operating the device is simple and straightforward. All the details of adjusting the purchased model are described in detail in the instructions. The air flow power of a bladeless fan is also adjustable.

In addition to the advantages, the bladeless device has its disadvantages:

• Noise effect– sound level from 40 dB. The larger and more powerful the device, the louder it will buzz at maximum speed.
• High price. The equipment is inferior in this indicator to conventional blade fans.
• Fragility of the structure. This drawback is typical for inexpensive Chinese-made analogues.

Manufacturers strive to take into account all the shortcomings and wishes of customers, improving new fan variations. So, first consumers were offered various colors and dimensions, then – the very intricate shape. Later it was time to reduce the noise level produced by the device as much as possible.

The next task was to reduce energy consumption and add additional functions for humidification and heating/cooling of air passing through a bladeless fan.

Aromatization and ionization air flow so far exists only in expensive models of the latest generation

DIY bladeless device

The question of creating a fan without blades with your own hands has visited many craftsmen. During the experiments, home craftsmen obtained many working homemade products.

Option #1: product made from plastic buckets

To make the device, use a plastic container, a simple fan and a glue gun.

From simple and available materials you can build it in a couple of hours homemade fan without blades

For example, you can take:

• 2 plastic buckets with a volume of 5 and 10 liters;
• PVC pipe 110;
• distribution tee;
• stub.

First, you need to cut a piece 15 cm long from the pipe. Then, in a 10-liter bucket, make a hole on the side exactly the same size as the outer diameter of the pipe.

Using a glue gun, you should carefully and carefully connect these 2 parts together.

The next step is to take a 5 liter bucket and cut 3 cm from the top edge. We still have to cut a hole in the bottom, the diameter of which is 2 cm smaller than the bottom of the bucket itself. You also need to make a hole of the same size in the bottom of the larger bucket and connect them together glue gun. This is a homemade blower.

Now we have to assemble the body with the engine, the role of which will be played by axial fan. To do this, put the plug on the side pipe of the tee, having previously applied an adhesive layer there.

It is better to leave a small gap of 1.5-2 cm to allow air access. Then you need PVC pipe put it on one of the tee pipes and mark the boundary - this will be a segment of about 10 cm that needs to be cut off.

Place the cut piece into this pipe and make through hole 5 cm long from the edge

It is here that an axial electric fan of the required diameter will be installed, and a wire will be brought out into the hole to be connected to the electrical network.

To give the finished homemade product an aesthetic appearance, all parts can be painted in one color with spray enamel. For example, white, beige or blue. The case is ready to connect to the network.

All that remains is to place a homemade blower from 2 buckets on top and turn on the fan

If you place a container with ice inside the case, the homemade product will act as an air conditioner. And when placing a piece of cotton wool with 5-7 drops essential oil You can fill the whole room with a pleasant aroma.

Option #2: fan made of plastic pipes

The prototype of the second option was a bladeless device of the brand Dyson. The body and technical part were assembled by a home craftsman according to the diagram finished product factory production.

Let’s start building a homemade product useful in everyday life with the body:

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It took three cuts to make it. plastic pipe of different diameters, 12 V fan, toggle switch with connection devices, capacitors, resistors, NE555 integrated circuit, Schnittke diode, diodes, power supply and Consumables

The largest ring is cut from a 6″ pipe, its height is 10 cm. We cut the same piece from a 5″ pipe, in the photo it is blue. For the stand, cut 13 cm from the 3.5″ pipe. You also need to find a 6″ container, from which we cut out the bottom

We cut a narrow piece of pipe prepared for the rack to fit a large six-inch ring. To do this, first try on the parts and outline the necessary lines

Cut a hole in the large ring with a diameter approximately 2 cm smaller than the diameter of the stand

Place the hole in the large ring directly above the post and glue it

We strengthen the connection with tape or glue it with mesh adhesive mounting tape. When viewed from the side of the rack, a ring-shaped area should form inside the structure

We glue the fiberglass piece to the five-inch ring. The size of this part should cover the difference between the outer and inner ring

We paint the inner ring with the glued part white using a spray bottle. Glue the LED strip from the inside to the outer edge of the large ring and assemble the housing

Step 1: Purchasing materials for homemade crafts

Step 2: Cutting the body blanks

Step 3: Trimming the stand to install the ring

Step 4: Trimming the stand to install the ring

Step 5: Gluing the Post to the Large Ring

Step 6: Reinforce the connection with tape or masking tape

Step 7: Fiberglass the 5-inch ring

Step 8: Installing the LED Strip Between the Rings

The case is ready, now it should be equipped with technical stuffing:

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We place the fan in the rack, solder the wires to it, and fix the device parts

A fan without blades is often called a Dyson fan after its creator. Or an “Air Multiplier,” as James Dyson himself called the device. The device, of course, looks stylish - the ring on a thin stem can be made in a great variety of interior options. But how does it actually work?

How does a bladeless fan work?

The strange futuristic “ring on a leg” actually consists of three parts. They are structurally and mechanically assembled in such a way as to provide air blowing and blowing.

The “leg” of a fan without blades is, in fact, its housing with a control panel. The housing contains a motor for air intake and a small grille through which it is taken in. On the control panel there is a power button and, optionally, a rheostat for adjusting the ventilation intensity (the classic Dyson fan does not have one).

But the “ring” itself is the so-called blower. The inside of the ring has a special shape: along the entire contour there is a channel through which air moves. Why this is needed - we’ll tell you now.

How does a fan without blades work?

First, a high-speed motor draws air through a grille at the base of the “leg” body. Then this air is forced into the blower channel (inside the “ring” housing).

The shape of the ring from the inside is, in fact, designed on the same principle as an airplane wing. Therefore, when air moves inside the channel, its speed increases.

The air exits the channel from the narrower side. As a result, an area is formed with the opposite, wider one. low pressure. Thanks to this, the ring itself begins to “draw” air into itself and throw it out from the wide side.

The volume drawn in and expelled due to the pressure reduction effect is 15-20 times greater than the original volume drawn in by the engine. Bladeless fans are capable of passing through up to 500 liters of air in 1 second. So the device “blows air” over everything nearby, without any blades - simply due to the laws of aerodynamics.

What's cool about a bladeless fan?

Firstly, it is silent. How often on a hot July night did you have to toss and turn while listening to the ringing of mosquitoes and the rattling of a fan!.. This will not happen with the Dyson: the blowing occurs softly, without engine noise, the crackling of blades and the effect of vibration. You can sleep peacefully under it (unfortunately, it does not drive away mosquitoes). Here's a Dyson fan you can put on your bedside table:

Secondly, it can be used "in reverse side- like a heater. To do this, a heating element is added to the blower, and the drawn air becomes warm. So this is a two-in-one device - for example, this model Dyson Pure Hot+Cool.

Modern people have long understood that in those rooms where they are constantly located, it is necessary to always maintain a good atmosphere. In offices and living rooms It should not be too stuffy, because if a person does not have enough air, his well-being can significantly deteriorate. He will feel quite weak and lethargic. He may even begin to have a severe headache. And to avoid all these health problems, people install special climate control equipment in their premises. And if previously they could use “rotating” fans and air conditioners to maintain a comfortable atmosphere, now they have a slightly larger choice. And they can buy more modern technology to improve the indoor climate. For example, they can buy a fan without blades for themselves.

What exactly is interesting about this device? It provides excellent air circulation in the rooms where it is installed. And this despite the fact that it has no blades. This climate control technology is quite original design. Therefore, this fan can be not only a means to improve the atmosphere at home or at work. It can also serve as an unusual decorative element. Its design will fit perfectly into any modernist interior, and is also suitable for rooms decorated in a classical style.

But still, what exactly are the advantages of a bladeless fan:

– excellent performance. By purchasing this unit, you can maintain a comfortable climate in rooms of different sizes. You just need to choose a fan whose size and power will correspond to the area of ​​your living room or office. This technique can be tabletop or floor-mounted. Small fans are convenient to install on desks or bedside tables. Large devices will be able to “disperse” the air in spacious rooms;

– Conventional fans with blades and mesh may be contraindicated for use by some people. Dust often accumulates in them, so it is not advisable for allergy sufferers to keep them in their premises. Modern fans that do not have blades are completely free of this significant drawback. In addition, their surface is dust-repellent. Therefore, dirt particles do not settle or accumulate on them;

– moderate energy consumption. Electricity costs for owners of this climate control technology will not increase. They are comparable to those required for a conventional “spinning” fan.

The world-famous British innovator James Dyson, the inventor of a bagless vacuum cleaner, a waterfall flowing upward, and a number of other useful and useless things, managed to surprise the world once again. He launched a stylish indoor fan without a rotor or blades. At first glance it is a pure mystery. However, the author does not make a secret of the device.

Sir James Dyson has created a fast water machine and a garden cart with a ball instead of a wheel. The general public are more familiar with cyclone vacuum cleaners, usually not suspecting that it was Dyson who invented the first such device back in the late 1970s. Now many people produce similar equipment. But masterly handling of air flows has become business card namely the Dyson company, founded in 1993.

It is not surprising that the sensational new product from Sir James again “conjures” the air. It only became clear at the last moment. And at first the British didn’t even say what region their next design was from. Dyson released this intriguing teaser shortly before the premiere.

Representatives of the test group clearly expressed surprise and interest. Many incredulously extended their hands into the ring, trying to uncover the “deception.” Yes, the ring itself was left behind the scenes in the video. In the pictures below you can see what that wow effect test actually looked like.

"Oh my God!" - "How it works?" - "I can not explain!" (Dyson footage).

This fun device is called the Dyson Air Multiplier. The inventor came up with it in order to rid the table fan of a number of disadvantages: “ragged” turbulent flow, which is not always pleasant when it hits the face, as well as rotor blades.

The latter, firstly, are dangerous for children (children can easily stick their fingers between the bars protective grille), and secondly, they accumulate dust (to properly clean them you have to disassemble that very grille). In the Air Multiplier, there is no visible rotor, nothing rotates at all (from the outside, anyway), and wiping dust from such a fan is as easy as shelling pears.

Those who have tried the new product report that the “toy” makes a lasting impression at first, especially if you stick your hand into the ring. It is felt that the main flow is formed somewhere at a short distance in front of the device, in some kind of “focus” (photos gizmodo.com, engadget.com).

The system is based on a plastic ring, the cross-section of which is similar to the profile of an airplane wing. On its inner surface along the entire perimeter there is a gap only 1.3 millimeters thick. A small but very efficient air turbine (driven by a 40-watt electric motor) is hidden at the base of the device.

The device takes air through the grate at the bottom and pumps it into the cavity inside the ring. The air comes out of the narrow gap at tremendous speed and begins to smoothly bend around the internal airfoil. In this case, an area of ​​rarefaction is created opposite the center of the ring, into which air is drawn from the side farthest from the user. This flow is quickly drawn into the general movement. Moreover, the current also picks up some air from the outside of the hoop.

Dyson is introducing three “Multiplier” models to the market at once, differing in color and ring diameter (10 or 12 inches, that is, approximately 25 and 31 centimeters). All three versions cost 200 pounds ($316) in their homeland.
Like most table fans, the Air Multiplier can regularly rotate left and right within 90 degrees, and you can also adjust the angle of the jet to the horizon. The noise from the device is comparable to the buzzing of modern, not very loud vacuum cleaners or hair dryers (photos by Dyson, gizmodo.com).

The turbine (its speed can be smoothly adjusted) supplies over 20 liters of air per second into the slot. And at the outlet of the device, the volume of air increases 10-20 times! This is the “multiplying effect” of Air Multiplier.

The speed of the total flow can reach 35 kilometers per hour. At the same time, at the exit from the slot thin layer, carrying the rest of the air with it, accelerates to 88 km/h.

Thanks to the wing shape and profiled slot, an average of 15 times more air is sucked into the ring than passes through the turbine hidden at the base of the fan (Dyson illustrations).

In some way before us further development Dyson's Air Blade, an ultra-fast hand dryer. Dyson himself says: “Noticing that when the “blade” operates, it attracts a little air from the side, we began to think about how to apply this effect in practice. And they decided to create a device for generating air flows without a traditional “impeller”. Three years of development, then more tests, and now the product is ready.”

The drawings and section reveal where the “fan” itself is hidden, that is, the impeller. However, this tiny turbine with cleverly curved blades, designed on the model of aircraft turbines, bears little resemblance to the simple “propeller” usually used in such technology (illustrations by Dyson, pocket-lint.com, dailymail.co.uk).

Dyson engineers racked their brains a lot to get the flows to combine and “stretch” as needed. Hundreds of prototype tests made it possible to obtain a verified profile with a precisely calculated angle at which the “starting” high-speed flow emerges from the slot. But the result was excellent.