In what year did Tatyana's day appear? The history of the holiday “Tatyana’s Day. Tatyana's Day is a national holiday

Every year on January 25, the Church venerates the holy martyr Tatiana of Rome, an early Christian martyr who was tortured for her faith under Emperor Alexander in the 3rd century. People celebrate Tatyana's Day on January 25th. In 2018, the holiday falls on Wednesday. Students especially try to celebrate Tatyana's Day; it is not without reason that there is a saying that on Tatyana's Day all students are drunk. On this day, it is customary to light candles for success in studies; they pray to the martyr Tatiana (Tatiana) for difficult teaching and enlightenment.

Tatyana's day - student's day

Saint Tatiana became the patroness of students for the reason that it was on the day of her memory, January 12 (25), back in 1755 that Empress Elizabeth signed a Decree on the opening of the first Russian university. The project was developed by Lomonosov. In 1791, on Easter, the Church of Tatiana the Martyr was opened. Catherine herself sent the decorations for her. The parishioners of this church in different years there were Fonvizin, Griboyedov, Turgenev, Timiryazev, Pirogov, Klyuchevsky, the Aksakov brothers, Solovyov, etc. Then came the Decree of Nicholas I, where he ordered to celebrate not the opening day of the university, but the signing of the act of its establishment. Thus, by the will of the monarch, a student holiday appeared - Tatiana's Day, and over time, popular rumor attributed the patronage of students to this saint.

Church of the Martyr Tatiana at Moscow State University

Temple of the Holy Martyr Tatiana - Orthodox church, having the status of the Patriarchal Metochion; Moscow's home church state university them. M. V. Lomonosov. It is located in the right wing of the old Moscow State University building, opposite the Manege, on the corner of Bolshaya Nikitskaya and Mokhovaya streets.

Student traditions and signs on Tatiana's Day

Tatyana's Day is a holiday for students. For the entire student fraternity, this is a great opportunity to take a break from studies and plunge into fun, joyful celebrations and pranks. And for so many years of the existence of Tatyana’s Day as a holiday of students, student traditions and rituals on January 25 could not help but appear.

Perhaps the most famous student tradition on Tatiana's Day is the call of Shara. On January 25, students go out onto the balcony or look out the window, shake their record books and call: Shara, come! It is believed that if someone shouts in response - “Already on the way” - then this good omen on Tatiana's day.
Another interesting tradition on Tatiana’s Day is drawing. Every student knows that January 25, Tatyana’s day, is a good omen for the future - to draw on the last page of the grade book small house with a pipe: the longer the smoke, the easier it will be to study this year.
Another sign on Tatiana’s Day suggests that if a student has to take an exam the day after Student’s Day, then he needs to go take it after a good drinking session, then, if you believe the sign, the exam will be passed with ease. And under no circumstances should you read notes on Tatyana’s day, otherwise the exam will be difficult to pass according to the signs.

Folk traditions on Tatiana's Day

Until the time when Saint Tatiana was the patroness of students, the people especially celebrated Tatiana’s day on January 25th. Folk rituals, traditions and signs on Tatiana’s Day are varied and may be useful to modern lovers of antiquity and nature. In any case, it is very interesting to read about what traditions and signs on Tatiana’s Day were in Rus'. By the way, it has been noted that a girl born on January 25 will be a good housewife!

How to celebrate Tatiana's day

On January 25, on Tatyana’s Day, people decided to bake loaves in the shape of the Sun. “Tatiana bakes a loaf of bread, beats rugs on the river, and leads a round dance!” - they said in the old days. This is the day of Tatyana Kreshchenskaya and Babi Kut. Babiy kut - a place near the Russian stove, a woman’s corner where all the objects stood household utensils, and the hostess spent a lot of time. The family called this place the sun. Therefore, on Tatyana’s day, the “big women” - the eldest housewives in the family - baked a large rug, a symbol of the sun. These same housewives took the baked goods out of the oven, let the bread cool slightly, and while still warm, broke off a piece of bread and distributed it to all family members. This was the tradition on Tatiana’s day to invite spring, inviting the luminary to return to people as soon as possible and drive away the severe Epiphany frosts. According to tradition, each family member had to eat at least a piece of such a loaf so that the Sun would give him a little of its warmth.

Many signs for the holiday Tatiana's Day were associated with the preparation of a ritual loaf, for example:

if the bread rose like a mound in the middle, then expect good luck this year and life will get better and go uphill;
if the loaf turns out smooth and without flaws, this is a sure sign of a calm year and a measured life;
if the loaf burned, they rejoiced - the birthday girl had to eat the burnt crust so that she could readily accept everything from her fate;
but if the loaf cracked, it was considered an alarming sign.

A well-known tradition on Tatiana’s Day is to go to the river and knock out all the dirt that has accumulated in them over the holidays from the rugs. On this day, early in the morning, peasant girls went to the river, where they beat out rugs. The village boys helped carry the clean rugs to the village, where the rugs were hung on the fences and by them one could judge the girl - what kind of wife she would make.

In turn, on Tatiana’s Day, the girls tried to lure suitors using all sorts of tricks. The tradition of laying out a special rug at the door of the house on Tatiana’s Day can work in our time. Keep in mind that this sign on Tatyana’s Day promises that the one who wipes his feet on this rug on the holiday will be a frequent guest in the girl’s house.

Another tradition on Tatiana’s Day instructed girls to make small brooms from rags and feathers. The girl had to hide such a broom in the house of a potential groom, unnoticed by everyone. If she succeeded, then it was a sure sign - the guy would not go anywhere, and their living together will have a long and happy life. Naturally, the older women in the family knew all the girlish tricks very well and not everyone managed to hide the broom.

On Tatiana's day there was another sign - you had to go to the highest place in the area and make wishes in the sun. If you do it sincerely with all your heart, you can get what you want.

Another interesting tradition on Tatiana’s Day is dedicated to housekeeping. On this day, women twisted balls of yarn as tightly and large as possible so that the heads of cabbage would be tight and large.

Signs for Tatiana's Day

Also among the people there were various signs for Tatyana’s day. And everyone, young and old, knew the signs. Usually in the old days, on January 25 and Tatiana’s Day, people paid attention to the weather:

If it snows on Tatiana's Epiphany Day (Tatiana's Day, Babi Kut), then a frosty February and summer with rains are expected.
The sunrise on Tatyana's day personified early spring, rapid arrival of birds and early spawning of fish.
And the collective farmers were waiting for Tatyana’s day, they had their own sign. If it is frosty and sunny on this day, then the harvest will be rich!

In 1791, the temple of Moscow University was also consecrated in the name of the holy martyr Tatiana. Since then, Saint Tatiana has been considered the patroness of students and teachers.

In 1918 the temple was closed. At first there was a club in its premises, and from 1958 to 1994 - the student theater of Moscow State University. In January 1995, the building was returned to the church.

According to the descriptions of contemporaries, before the revolution, the celebration of Tatyana’s Day as a university holiday was a real event for all of Moscow.

It began with an official ceremony in the university assembly hall, where professors, teachers, students and graduates who came from all over Russia gathered. After the prayer service, academic report and speech by the rector, everyone stood up and sang “God Save the Tsar!” Then the unofficial part began, often lasting until the morning, the folk festivities. University graduates, among whom were professors and officials, doctors and lawyers, industrialists and businessmen, celebrated the holiday in their circle. Towards evening, many gathered in the hall of the Big Moscow Tavern in the city center, where speeches and toasts were made, after which they rode in troikas to the Yar restaurant, which that day served only the university public.

IN modern Russia Traditionally, students organize mass celebrations on this day.

On January 25, 2016, the All-Russian event “Tatyana’s Ice” will be held for all students in the country. Holiday programs will be organized at ice rinks in the capital and regions of Russia. The central platform will be the GUM Skating Rink on Red Square.

Russian Orthodox Church On this day, he remembers the holy martyr Tatiana, who is considered the patroness of all Russian students. On this day, all women bearing the name Tatyana celebrate their name day ( ancient name"Tatiana" translated from Greek means "organizer").

As church tradition says, Saint Tatiana lived in Rome at the turn of the 2nd-3rd centuries, during a time of severe persecution of Christians. Her father, a noble Roman, secretly professed Christianity and raised his daughter in the Christian spirit. Tatiana did not marry and devoted all her strength to serving God. At that time, all power in Rome was concentrated in the hands of the persecutor of Christians, Ulpian. Tatiana was captured and tried to force her to sacrifice to the idol. But in the temple of Apollo, where she was brought, according to legend, the virgin offered a prayer to Christ - and an earthquake occurred: the pagan idol split into pieces, and the fragments of the temple buried the priests under them.

The pagans tortured Tatiana. During the torture, many miracles happened: either the executioners, for whose insight the saint prayed, believed in Christ, then the angels warded off blows from the martyr, then milk flowed from her wounds instead of blood and a fragrance filled the air. After terrible torture, Tatiana appeared before her executioners and judges even more beautiful than before. The pagans despaired of breaking the faith of the sufferer and executed her. Together with Tatiana, her father was executed.

IN last years Russia has ancient traditions of celebrating St. Tatiana's Day, based on the common prayer of the Russian Church and higher education.

Traditionally, the center of church celebrations on the Day of Russian Students, which is also the day of remembrance of the patroness of higher education in Russia - the martyr Tatiana, became the temple in honor of this saint at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov on Mokhovaya Street.

Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Kirill, on the day of Russian students, for the first time committed divine liturgy in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The service was attended by the rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy, the rector of MGIMO Anatoly Torkunov, the rector of GITIS Karina Melik-Pashaeva, as well as professors, teachers and students of secular and ecclesiastical universities in Moscow, student delegations from other regions of Russia. At the end of the liturgy, the student youth continued to communicate at student festivities near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

January 25 is Tatiana's Day. The history of the holiday goes back to ancient times. This date is named in honor of the martyr Tatiana, who was born in Rome around 200. Her parents were rich and noble citizens who, secretly from everyone, were Christians. They also raised their daughter in the Christian faith.

During the persecution of Christians organized under the Roman Emperor Severus, Tatiana was captured. The girl was brought to the temple of Apollo to make a sacrifice. Through the prayers of the saint, an earthquake unexpectedly occurred: the idol fell into pieces, and the pagan temple was destroyed. Tatiana was tortured, but they could not force her to renounce her faith. The saint was executed along with her father.

Tatyana's Day. Tatiana Kreschenskaya. Student's day

In the old days, January 25 was called the day of Tatiana Epiphany or the holiday “Sun”. It was believed that even in cloudy weather, at least for a minute on this day, the sun appears in the sky, illuminating everything around with its blessed light.

In 1755, the day of the martyr Tatiana received new meaning - on this day Empress Elizaveta Petrovna signed the “Decree on the establishment of a university of two gymnasiums in Moscow.” Project educational institution was developed by Mikhail Lomonosov, and Count Shuvalov acted as a trustee. The university church was consecrated in honor of the martyr Tatiana. Since then, the saint has been considered the patroness of students.

Later, a decree of Nicholas I followed, in which he ordered to celebrate not the opening date of the educational institution, but the day the act of its establishment was signed. So Tatyana’s Day became a student holiday, which was also called Student’s Day.

In villages this holiday was practically not celebrated, but in urban culture it took special place. Back in the 19th century, Tatyana’s Day became a noisy and cheerful holiday for the student fraternity. Students honored the memory of the holy martyr with performances of their choirs in churches and solemn prayers.

On this day, the “learned brethren” became a single whole, age boundaries and conventions, titles and ranks were abolished. Rich and poor, distinguished scholars and freshmen - everyone had a reason to have fun. Venerable scientists were also once simple students. On Tatiana's Day, ceremonial events were held with awards and congratulations to the best students.

Tatiana's Day, with its pranks by honorary professors, fraternal feasts, and sleigh rides, became an attribute of student traditions and an important object of student folklore. The manager of the Hermitage Hotel, French native Lucien Olivier (creator of the famous salad), on this day gave his restaurant to the students to celebrate. The celebration was not complete without drinking. But on this day, the royal gendarmes did not touch the tipsy students, but, on the contrary, offered their help. Very soon Tatyana's day turned into a holiday for the Russian intelligentsia.

After the October Revolution, the holiday was forgotten for a long time. However, in 1995, the Church of St. Tatiana was reopened at Moscow University, and in the assembly hall of the old building, on the day of remembrance of the martyr, prizes established in honor of the founders of the first university - scientist M.V. Lomonosov and Count I.I. Shuvalova. And again, a cheerful student holiday has appeared in our country - Tatyana’s Day.

Tatyana's day coincides with the school calendar. Often, by January 25, the exam session of the first semester ends and students begin their vacation.

Tatiana's Day: traditions and customs of the holiday

On Tatiana's Day, students light candles for success in their studies and pray to the patron saint for enlightenment and help in difficult studies. On January 25, the memory of not only the martyr Tatiana is revered, but also St. Sava, Archbishop of Serbia, to whom it is customary to pray for various ailments. Another January 25th is a day of celebration in honor of icons Mother of God"Mammal" and "Akathist". In front of the icon of the Mother of God “Mammal” they pray for a lack of mother’s milk, for the health of babies, for help in difficult childbirth. And the lists from the Akathist icon, according to believers, protect the house from fire.

On the day of Tatyana Epiphany, women twisted balls of yarn as large and tight as possible. It was believed that thanks to this, the cabbage forks, the seedlings of which would be planted only in April, would grow large and tight.

Folk signs for Tatiana's Day

If the sun shines brightly on Tatiana’s day, then spring will be early.
Snow on this day promises a rainy summer.
Clear and frosty weather means a good harvest.
Warm and cloudy means crop failure.
What the weather is like on this day, so will December be.

A woman born on Tatiana's day will become a good housewife. They said about this one: “Tatiana bakes a loaf, beats rugs on the river, and leads round dances!” Black agate is suitable as a talisman for the birthday girl of the day.

Video: Tatiana's Day - the history of the holiday and its traditions

Happy Tatyana's Day picture

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Tatiana's Day is the first case of its kind when both believers and ordinary students - students celebrate on the same day, because on this day, January 25, two holidays are celebrated at once: the name day of St. Tatiana the Martyr, and also the Day of Russian students - a memorable date in Russia.

Tatiana's Day was originally named after the daughter of the Roman consul, Tatiana of Rome, who was captured and taken prisoner during the persecution of Christians, where she was subjected to cruel treatment for her Christian faith.

Many times people tried to kill her: set her on fire, gouge out her eyes, cut her, but nothing worked - each time God sent punishment to those who tried to cause her pain and suffering, and sent healing to Tatiana herself, all traces of abuse disappeared from her body .

One day, during another round of torture, four angels and a voice from heaven addressed to Tatiana came to the tormentors through the prayer of Saint Tatiana. This miracle influenced the tormentors: it made them believe in the existence of Christ.

People, inflamed by the martyr’s fortitude and courage, began to refuse to follow orders and cause her pain and suffering, and instead took her side.

Soon Tatiana was sentenced to death. The martyrdom took place on January 25, 226. Later, Tatiana was canonized as a saint, and on the day of her death they began to celebrate her name day.

I wonder what the connection is between Tatyana during the day and the students. In fact, everything here is quite logical.

The fact is that it was on Tatiana’s name day in 1755 that the Great Empress Elizaveta Petrovna initialed the decree on the creation of the First Moscow State University.

Adjutant General I.I. Shuvalov decided to take the University under his patronage, and Shuvalov chose the date of signing the decree not only to serve the Motherland, but also to present a gift to his mother Tatyana Petrovna, endorsing the order on her name day.

In 1791, the sanctuary of Tatiana the Martyr began its work, the decorations of which were sent by the empress herself.

Soon a decree of Nicholas the First followed, according to which the day of initialing the order on the establishment of the university was celebrated, and not the day of its opening, that is, on the name day of St. Tatiana, January 25.

Thus, at the request of the monk, such a wonderful student holiday as Tatiana’s Day appeared, and Tatiana the Martyr began to be considered the patroness of Moscow State University and all students.

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