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In a country house or country house, to live comfortably during the period autumn-winter cold, it is necessary to equip a heating system. Therefore, many owners wonder what is the best and most economical brick stove, or maybe a fireplace or metal structure. If the building area is small, then compact products should be considered, and for large-scale houses, modern energy-saving options for heating devices would be ideal.

If we look at authentic stone structures, they have significant dimensions, are heavy and take up a lot of usable space. Although they are great for heating a home. How to do it right choice and not waste time and money, we will try to talk about all this in this article.

Neatly stacked brick structure

Choice for a country house

Currently, heating equipment stores offer a wide range of products that are usually installed in country houses. Each model will be effective in its own way if its choice is made taking into account technical characteristics and operating conditions.

Depending on the individual requirements of homeowners, the products have a number of specific differences, for example, a fireplace stove can be:

1. rectangular;
2. round;
3. triangular;
4. square;
5. in the shape of the letter "T".

There are also original combination stoves. Such structures are characterized by the fact that they have a heating function combined with the ability to cook food on their surface, and this is very convenient for small country houses.

The essence lies in the implemented ability to switch modes, that is, the design can simultaneously perform both options, or work with them separately. This combination is truly the best, because warm time year there is an opportunity to save fuel.

Construction of a furnace during the construction of a house

When talking about which stove is better in each specific case, first of all you need to pay attention to the area that you plan to heat. Perhaps one or two rooms are to be heated, and the rest will not be used. In this case, you will have to worry about drawing up a plan. country house, where it will be described how the heating system works.

Once upon a time, classic brick stoves for a home were a mandatory attribute and the only way heating. Professional stove makers were in demand and respected. Today there are many new means for heating premises that operate from different sources energy, from solid fuel to electricity. However, good stove makers remain in demand and the online request for “brick stoves for home drawings with instructions” remains frequent.

Some build stoves for a bathhouse, for a summer residence, or simply because their home is remote, which is why there is no alternative. Different types stoves can perform a heating function; on some models you can cook traditional dishes. Some are large in size, others are compact and quickly erected. Some are planned before the house is built, while others need to fit into an existing space. Stoves are ordered or made by hand in order to save money, others are built to fill the decor. In any case, all such equipment must be constructed from high-quality and suitable materials, in accordance with existing SNiP. You can find any drawings with instructions on the Internet, but you need to understand that building a stove for your home with your own hands will not be so easy.

Why does the brick kiln remain competitive, more and more being built, with so many advantages?

It would seem that today there are many alternatives for heating, which are much more convenient to use, and, according to manufacturers, have greater efficiency (coefficient useful action). But why are brick ones still in demand in some areas or buildings? One of the reasons is that a brick stove “breathes.”

This means that when the furnace warms up, moisture is released from the base of the structure. As it cools, moisture is absorbed back. Thanks to this, it maintains the normal dew point in the room. It is this indicator that indicates that “a cozy atmosphere is maintained in the house.”

The ability of a brick oven to “breathe” not only has a positive effect on human health, but also allows you to feel comfort even at a non-domestic level. When calculating a house's thermal engineering, temperature indicators during the heating season are set within 18-20 Celsius. Air humidity should be optimal for health. The home stove provides optimal air humidity, with a heating temperature of about 16 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, a person does not feel discomfort; clothes and bedding remain dry. At the same time, in panel houses, when using centralized water heating, even at a temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, excessive air humidity may be felt.

For water heating, the optimal temperature range will be 20-23 Celsius. And for electric heating with infrared emitters the temperature should be even higher (since they dry out the air greatly). It turns out that a brick oven with an efficiency index of about 50% will be more profitable, in terms of savings, than modern systems, with rates of 60-80%. Thus, the savings will be more significant, because the loss of heat in the house depends on the difference in temperature inside and outside the room.

Selecting oven surface size

Before you begin construction, you must select the type and model future design. The main criteria for selection will not be her appearance and ease of construction, and heat transfer (the ability to heat the required area).

When choosing a location for its placement, you should know that the side surfaces of the furnace have the greatest heat transfer. This is a determining factor when choosing a location.

Different models have different shapes:

• Rectangular;
• In the form of the letter T;
• With a bed or kitchen equipment for cooking.

They can perform functions heating device For living rooms, or be a space divider.

For a small home area, you should not choose too massive structures, even if they have a wide range of functions, they will take up too much space and generate too much heat. To heat the entire furnace you need a lot of fuel, and the heat transfer will be too great.

The location of the stove relative to the living rooms is also important, and the insulation of the entire house is also a criterion.

Table of stove sizes, taking into account the area of ​​the room

The structure of a stove for the home, stoves for the home of the classical design

The oven consists of 3 main parts. The body of the stove, the foundation and the chimney leading to the roof.

Furnace diagram example:

The oven consists of:

1. Foundations - foundation;
2. Waterproofing material;
3. Shantsy. They are holes, they are made to create heating in the lower part of the room. They serve as “legs” in the structure;
4. Blower;
5. The opening of the air channel helps to warm up the room over the entire height;
6. Blower door;
7. Grate grate;
8. Kindling door;
9. Furnace part;
10. Vault of the combustion part;
11. “Hailo” (Sometimes the vertical part of the firebox with the nozzle is called the hailo);
12. Door for cleaning;
13. Strangler Pass;
14. Dushnik;
15. Valves that regulate the direction of travel;
16. Convector channel;
17. A valve that closes the chimney after heating the stove. Close it after heating so that the oven does not cool down.
18. Exhaust door;
19. Chimney hole;
20. Cover (top of the furnace);
21. Cutting the chimney under the ceiling;
22. Overlap;
23. Chimney on the roof (otter or fluff).

Foundation

The foundation for the stove is made separately from the general foundation of the house. Use ordinary reinforced concrete strip foundation. Insulation is laid on it in several layers of roofing material, and on top of them is a sheet of asbestos. The asbestos is covered with an iron sheet (preferably cast iron, but this is very expensive; ordinary roofing metal will do), and the top is covered with felt. The felt bedding is pre-moistened, laid on the foundation and allowed to dry. Only after this do they begin laying. By itself, the litter is needed so that the foundation does not take over all thermal energy ovens. In simple words“so that the heat doesn’t go into the ground.”

Masonry base

The base of the masonry is made in oblique shading from simple red brick, on a cement-sand mortar. This part is located under the firebox and will not experience high thermal loads. The firebox is made of red ceramic bricks, in combination with fireproof (fireclay) material. A clay mixture with sand (sometimes with the addition of fireclay) is used.

A sheet of metal and asbestos is laid in front of the blower door. The thickness of the asbestos layer should be about 5 mm. Its edges should be laid in the masonry of the stoves. The removal of the metal sheet is at least 250 mm. The edges are tucked in, pushing them towards the floor.

Unlike cement-sand mortar, a mixture of clay and sand dries out rather than setting. Therefore, with constant exposure to moisture (especially in winter period), the solution gets wet. For this reason, some part of the furnace that does not experience high temperatures (up to 300 degrees Celsius) is placed on a cement-sand mortar. Portland cement grade 400 and quartz are used quarry sand.

To ensure the accumulation of soot in the lower part of the channels, the edges of the transitions are made rounded. Each new channel must be higher in height than the first (lower transition). It is much easier to remove soot from the lower channels.

Chimney

It is laid out from red ceramic bricks and ordinary cement-sand mortar. Such bricks are cheaper than fireclay bricks, and the mortar is much stronger. We must not forget about cutting the chimney inside the apartment (in the ceilings). The cutting performs fire-fighting functions. A thick layer of bricks warms up more slowly in the event of a soot fire, and thus transfers less heat load to the ceiling.

The top chimney pipe (otter), which is located above the roof, performs decorative functions, is a side for drainage of precipitation. The draft in the furnace will depend on the height of the pipe.

Place for a stove in the house

It will depend on where the stove is installed effective work. Best location there will be an intersection of all the walls in the house. With no larger area, it will be possible to effectively heat the entire space. The closer the oven is to the exit, the better. The heated air will prevent cold air from entering from the outside. In addition, in this case it will be easier to deliver fuel for the furnace.

Factors to consider:

• The structure must be installed so that all side parts can be reached. This is needed for correct operation and full cleaning capabilities.
• The stove should not be part of the general foundation of the house, since its foundation will experience completely different types of loads.
• The location should be such that the chimney pipe does not rest against the floor beams. This needs to be calculated when building a house or when laying the foundation for the stove.
• There must be a fire-resistant floor in front of the firebox door. (sheet metal or ceramic tiles) to prevent accidental fires.

Equipment and building materials for building a stove with your own hands

Brick

There are sources on the Internet that claim that bricks for stoves and fireproof bricks are one and the same. In fact, they only have in common linear dimensions. Dimensions of a regular single building bricks are 250 by 125 by 65 mm, and a standard stove has a size of 230 by 114 by 40 mm. Sometimes 230 by 114 by 65 mm is found. In the construction of the furnace, special high-quality brick of grade 150 is used. It is resistant to temperatures up to 800 degrees. It would be possible to build an entire furnace from it, but it cools quickly and is not suitable for a full-fledged furnace.

Fireclay bricks are used to lay the furnace channels in the combustion chamber. It can withstand high thermal loads. It is used in Swedish stoves or sauna stoves. It can withstand temperatures up to 1800 degrees, but in home ovens this temperature does not exist. He is valued by others qualities - ability keep warm for a long time. It makes no sense to build the entire body of the furnace out of it, since it is very expensive and has weak strength.

To distinguish high-quality fireclay from low-quality one, there is an opinion that it should have a yellowish tint. But such a calculation is not correct, since fireclay can change color depending on its deposit. A sign of high-quality fireclay is the fine grain of the brick. Another way checks - check to the sound. The brick is tapped with a hammer. The sound should be clear and clear, not dull. The last way to determine the quality of a material is radical. They break the brick in half and look at the break. High-quality fireclay is broken into large pieces.

As a substitute for expensive fireclay, it is sometimes used in furnace construction. clinker brick. It is just like red ceramic, but it is fired at elevated temperatures. It has greater strength and fire resistance.

White silicate is not suitable for any parts. It is not resistant to thermal stress and absorbs moisture too much.

Sand

As sand in cement-sand mortar Medium grade quarry sand is used. It is sifted through a sieve to remove large fractions and various organic inclusions. Availability additional inclusions in this case it is very important. All organic impurities will burn from heat, causing the masonry to crack and begin to crumble.

Masonry mortar

To lay the stove you will have to use several types of mortar based on:

• Cement;
• Lime;
• Clays;
• Chamotte.

Characterized by its plasticity. It is used in places experiencing high temperature loads. This solution is cheap in price. Clay can be easily found on almost any plot of land after cleaning it first. It can withstand temperatures up to 1100 degrees Celsius. This mixture dries when exposed to high temperatures, but becomes wet when exposed to moisture. The furnace masonry can always be disassembled and reassembled. But you cannot lay a foundation on such a solution.

A mixture of clay with the addition of fireclay is used in the combustion chambers. This solution can withstand the highest thermal loads.

The lime mixture is used on the foundation masonry or for the chimney. This solution is quite strong, but can only withstand 450 degrees Celsius.

Cement-lime is even more durable than ordinary lime, but fire resistance is reduced even more. Used in the foundation.

Cement-sand mortar is used for masonry chimney. It has the best strength and resistance to precipitation. The seams of such a solution will not allow smoke and digging into the room and will provide good draft for the firebox.

Examples of brick stove projects

Stove for a summer residence

The average size of a country house is about 15-20 square meters. With a consumption of only 280 bricks, you can build a small stove with dimensions of 2 meters by 3 and a heat capacity coefficient of 1.90 kW. As mentioned earlier, the combustion part is made of refractory brick, and the entire body is built of red ceramic.

The figure shows a sectional view of the furnace design

This simple option can be easily made by every beginner out of brick with his own hands, without even making mistakes.

Scheme with order, order instructions

Despite its small dimensions and light weight, it still requires the construction of a separate foundation. The foundation must also withstand the pressure of the chimney.

The thickness of the seam for masonry should be standard 8-10 mm, while the thickness of the seam between refractory bricks should be half as much.

It is better not to change the drawing if you do not have your own experience.

For such a stove, the chimney is laid in a brick floor.

Quantity of material:

You will need about 210 pieces of regular bricks, about 75 pieces of fireclay bricks. The clay solution will take about 70 liters. Sand 0.4 cubic meters m. One grate, door for combustion chamber, ash chamber and cleaning room. Two smoke valves. Sheet of metal for the foundation. For waterproofing, about 3 meters of roofing material.

The number of bricks is approximate, since there will be a certain percentage of broken bricks.

Russian stove

Such a furnace has an efficiency of 80 percent. She has a beautiful appearance. You can cook food on such a stove and it has a bench in its design. The masonry and construction schemes are quite simple. Its main disadvantage is its design feature, due to which it only heats the upper part of the room. But in our country, it is still popular.

What it consists of:

• A) heated part;
• B) niche;
• B) pole;
• D) forge;
• D) shower part;
• E) shield;
• G) valve;
• H) chimney pipe;
• I) Repainting the furnace.

Large, small and medium furnaces are built according to their size. Let's consider a small one, measuring 1270 by 650 by 2380 mm.

Necessary materials:

Red bricks, about 1620 pieces. The clay solution will take about 1000 liters. Made of steel, a plug measuring 430 by 340, a valve measuring 300 by 300 (two pieces), a samovar measuring 140 by 140 (one).

Order of the Russian stove:

Row No. 1 is laid out from solid ceramic bricks, on a lime mortar with the addition of cement. The formation of the furnace part occurs;

Row No. 2 to No. 4 a well is laid out. All seams are tied. On the one hand, they leave room for baking;

Rows No. 5 to No. 7 erect a vault over the oven;

Row No. 8 to No. 10 a castle for the vault is being erected;

Row No. 11 lay out a cold stove. Sand is poured into the remaining space between the stove and the oven;

Row No. 12 is laid out “under”. It is made from special bricks;

Row No. 13 is the beginning of the cooking chamber;

Rows No. 14 to 16 are done in the same way as the previous one;

Row No. 17 installs the arches of the mouths;

Row No. 18 laying the furnace walls;

Row No. 19 vault walls;

Row No. 20, using half bricks, narrow the hole above the pole;

Row No. 21 aligns the walls;

Row No. 22 is the stage of leveling and reducing the front pipe part;

Row No. 23 lay out the samovar;

Rows No. 24 to No. 32 installation of view valves;

Row No. 32 chimney laying. In a Russian stove, the chimney is made of 2 bricks.

Some features can be seen in Fig.

Before you start laying stoves, it’s worth trying to lay out at least one without mortar to understand the essence of the schemes. But with effort and patience, everyone can make a stove with their own hands.

Video

In this video you can see the order of the heating stove:

Ready-made brick stove for a summer cottage

Very modest requirements are put forward for a do-it-yourself brick dacha stove. Long breaks between visits, a relatively small volume of the heated room, maximum efficiency and the use of local fuel - all these criteria indicate the choice in favor of a wood-burning stove. Contrary to popular belief, it can be done without the services of a master stove maker. Let's take a closer look at how to design and build a small brick oven for a summer cottage with your own hands.

Preparing for work

Make a complex and highly efficient stone stove for a brick cottage with your own hands without construction experience Not sure it's going to happen. There are too many nuances and secrets hidden in the work of a professional stove maker. But small in size and simple in design, a vertical stone stove for a summer residence can easily be built even by an untrained person. The main thing in this process is to do everything very carefully, carefully and in accordance with our recommendations.

Selection of building materials

Since the described small brick stove for a summer house is heated with wood, it is not intended for intense and prolonged heating - it can be made of ordinary, not refractory brick. Although, it is better to use heat-resistant material for the combustion chamber.

List and required amount materials:

• red ceramic solid brick - 700 pcs.;
• grate - 1 pc.;
• combustion door - 1 pc.;
• ash door - 1 pc.;
• soot removal channel doors - 2 pcs.;
• valve - 1 pc.

For a stove for a wood-burning cottage with your own hands, you need to choose a solid ceramic brick that does not crumble from the average blow of a hammer, and at the same time produces not a ringing sound (this is a superheated brick), but a booming sound. It is advisable that side faces the bricks were smooth.

For the solution you will need clay. Stove makers prefer to choose “fat”, from which the solution turns out to be soft, like butter, and plastic, like soft plasticine. Such clay for building a do-it-yourself stove for a summer cottage can be found in construction stores or, after consulting with local residents, simply dig in the area.

Tool

With good tools, a stove for a country house can be built quickly and easily. For work, you should prepare a level, plumb line, trowel, mason's hammer and utensils for preparing clay mortar. To cut bricks you need a grinder.

Preparing the foundation for a brick oven for a summer cottage

No matter how small a brick stove you make for your own summer cottage, its weight is several hundred kilograms. Therefore, you cannot place it on the wooden floor of the room, but you will need a foundation.

To choose the right location for the foundation, you need to project the plan of the stove onto the ground so that its pipe fits between the floor beams and the roof joists. If there is a chimney in the wall of the house, then the stove for the country house should be located near it. When building a new house, a stove for a dacha can be built into the wall between the rooms. This option is very convenient: both rooms heat up equally quickly, but there will never be smoke in one of the rooms, even under the most unfavorable conditions.

The depth of the foundation must exceed the freezing depth of the soil. However, if country house has its own deep foundation, then a combined foundation can be made for the stove for the dacha. To do this, four lightweight concrete columns, such as those used for fences, are dug vertically into the ground. The posts should protrude from the ground just below floor level.

Between them, directly on the surface of the soil, half a brick is poured with gravel or sand cushion. Then a layer of roofing felt or other sheet waterproofing is laid. The reinforcing material is placed on top metal grid, and already on top of it - it is poured concrete foundation with fittings. Top part The foundation must coincide with the floor level and be perfectly horizontal!

Let's start building the oven

On top of the foundation you need to lay another layer of waterproofing, and on it - a metal sheet. The dimensions of the sheet should exceed the projection of the stove by 10-15 cm. Moreover, on the side of loading firewood it is better to make a larger outlet. Then random sparks from the blower will fall not on the wooden floor, but on the metal.

During operation, the garden stove heats up quite strongly. If the nearby wall is made of wood or other flammable materials, it must be protected with thermal insulation. The simplest protection can be a sheet of asbestos, painted with heat-resistant paint or covered with a thin plaque. Asbestos cannot be kept open, as its dust is considered very dangerous to inhale. Instead of asbestos, a do-it-yourself summer cottage stove can be insulated from wood with a solid slab mineral wool. The material must be heat resistant. Facade construction wool is not suitable for this, since it has too low a temperature limit.

Preparing clay solution

The country stove is built on clay, not cement. The clay solution is prepared from good clay and clean river or sea sand. If the clay is not purchased, but was dug somewhere in the neighborhood, then it is worth checking its quality first. To do this, we make several test batches with different proportions clay and sand. Roll the finished clay dough into small balls, rollers, cakes, and leave to dry for two weeks at room temperature.

Dried products need to be tested: throw them from a height of human height, try to crush them with a board under the weight of a weight, etc. The composition of the most durable clay sample is taken as a standard. In the figure shown, the best batch corresponds to samples “b”.

Preparing bricks and clay

The stove for the dacha is built with your own hands from pre-soaked bricks! To do this, it is kept in water for at least 8 hours. During this time, all the air will come out, and the clay will adhere well to the brick in the masonry. You need to prepare very little clay so that approximately 20-25 pieces are enough for laying. bricks. Without the necessary experience, you won’t be able to put in more at one time. The thickness of the clay mortar in the masonry should not exceed 5 mm.

Features of stove masonry

In order for a stove in the country, laid out with your own hands, to serve for a long time, each row should be checked for right angles and horizontal surface. The laying sequence is visible in the order drawing.

The cast iron doors of the blower and combustion chamber are secured using steel wire, which is embedded in the masonry. The cuts are made with a grinder. As a last resort, you can do it the old fashioned way - with a mason's hammer, but in this case there may be a lot of waste for scrap. The area for the grate should be slightly larger than the size of the grate itself. Then, when heated, the metal will not move the brick.

The solution is applied to the wet brick. Experienced stove makers do this not with a trowel, but with their hands. Good solution spreads as easily as spreading soft butter on bread.

Important Note

If during laying the brick sank lower than necessary, it should be removed, the mortar cleaned and laid on a fresh one. Otherwise, the new stove at the dacha will smoke heavily and leak soot. Unlike cement mortar, bricks cannot be moved in clay mortar!

When building a stove for your dacha, try to make the inner walls as smooth as possible. Then soot will not linger on them, and it will be easier and less likely to need to be cleaned. The outside of the country stove should also be neat and beautiful. External seams should be carefully embroidered with a stitch or finger. There should also be no gaps in the places where arches and horizontal partitions are formed. It is better to lay such rows slowly, one per day, so that the lower rows have time to set, and the upper rows do not creep.

Bottom line

Despite small size And simple design, For small houses brick country stoves They are very popular because they show very good results. They heat up quickly and are warm enough to last all day. A small brick stove for a summer residence is characterized by its low cost and accessibility for self-made, but with permanent residence in winter time You will have to heat it twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

The stove is one of the oldest heating systems country house– has not yet lost its relevance. The furnace design has high productivity and is not demanding on the raw materials used. The main disadvantages of the stove are the inability to regulate the heating temperature and the difficulty of maintaining a constant fire.

When conducting construction work it is important that the first time brickwork It turned out perfect, otherwise the structure will have to be disassembled. An incorrectly designed or assembled stove will become a source of smoke in the room.

Types of stoves

In the past, houses were built “from the stove”, that is, it was installed first, and then the walls and ceilings were erected. Nowadays, it is not necessary to do this, but it is advisable, especially when you plan to position the stove in such a way that it heats several rooms at once.

The most common types of stoves are Russian, Swedish and Dutch. At the same time, the Russian one must be erected before the construction of the house begins, and besides, it requires separate foundation. In general, any kiln consisting of 500 bricks or more needs a foundation that is separate from the base of the building. It's easier with Dutch and Swedish ovens. They are compact, can be installed in an already constructed building and do not require an additional foundation.

There is another wood-burning stove - a bell-type stove. Its advantage is its efficiency, reaching 70% compared to 50% for other types of furnaces. The disadvantage of such a stove is its complex design, which makes it almost impossible to assemble it with your own hands. Also, the stove cannot be equipped with a hob - the design is intended exclusively for heating premises.

Furnace structure

The Dutch oven is a classic wood-burning channel stove. Its operating principle is based on the circulation of hot air along passages laid in the body of the furnace.

The design of the stove is quite simple; its masonry can be adapted to suit the configuration of any type of room.

But installing a tank for heating water will not work: this will lead to a decrease in efficiency due to the accumulation of soot in the channels. In addition, even without a tank, the efficiency of the furnace barely reaches 40%.

In turn, the “Swedish” has an efficiency of 60%. It is considered the most advanced heating and cooking oven, where the oven serves as an air chamber. Afterburning occurs in the chamber part flue gases, and they go into the convector heated to 800°C. The convector itself is narrow, but has a large height, due to which the house is heated evenly.

The Swede can be equipped with a heat exchanger for the hot water supply system. The storage tank is placed on the roof or in a drying niche. As a result, the efficiency does not decrease: there is no feedback energy connection between the oven and convector on the one hand and the combustion part on the other.

Preparing tools

In order to lay bricks, you will need the following tools:

• rectangular and acute-angled sledgehammer;
• rammer made of metal or wood;
• jointing for concave and convex seams;
• combination trowel;
• a spatula for working with mortar and a trowel;
• measuring devices: a rule made of wood or aluminum, a plumb line, a level, a tape measure, a folding meter, a square.

In addition, guide posts are required, which will be installed in the house while the work is being carried out. This is required to ensure that the brick laying is smooth. It is impossible to correct skewed corners, so it is better to take care of their correctness in advance. The racks are installed in a strictly vertical position, with horizontal crossbars or, even better, wooden formwork attached to them.

You can carry bricks with your own hands, but it is better to get a special frame for the tray in advance. The same applies to the solution: when transporting it, it is better to load it on a stretcher.

Selection of bricks and heating elements

For the construction of passages and heated elements of the furnace, refractory bricks are used. Ordinary brick is used to furnish parts not exposed to high temperatures. The dimensions of any type of brick are 250 mm in length, 120 in width and 65 in height. If necessary, brick blocks are broken.

Thus, a distinction is made between a three-quarter brick, the length of which is 3/4 of the whole, and a half-brick - with a length cut in half. Very small pieces of brick, equal to 1/4 of the whole, are called quarter bricks. The cutting of material is carried out using a sharp steel knife and a knocker - trimming metal pipe. To build a furnace you will need and metal elements, including:

• a door for the firebox, a door for the blower and a door for cleaning passages;
• view valve;
• grate

All listed details must be comparable to the size of the brick blocks. The stove is waterproofed using roofing felt. The length of the sheets of this material depends on the dimensions of the structure. This factor determines the number of bricks. Typically, the amount of required building materials is indicated in the project documentation or calculated in individually. Knowing the number of rows, the size of the brick and the dimensions of the oven, this is done simply.

Preparation of the solution

To prepare the solution, you need to stock up suitable container, as well as a sieve with 3x3 mm cells. To work with the mixture you will need a shovel, a drill mixer and a small board. The solution will include water, sand and clay. The harvested water must be clean, without the smell of mold and with a minimum amount of mineral additives.

If tap water is contaminated in your area, try to bring it to the the right quantity. Its volume depends on the number of bricks that the masonry will contain: for example, for every hundred there are from 15 to 20 liters of liquid. The solution requires fine sand. It is sifted through a sieve to remove pieces of crushed stone and gravel. In addition, you need to purchase clay High Quality: the strength of the solution depends on it.

Preparation of the mixture begins with mixing water and clay in such proportions that the mass is not too liquid, but not too thick, homogeneous mass.

After it becomes plastic, add sifted sand in a ratio of 1 liter per bucket of water. You can check the readiness of the solution by lowering a board into it: the thickness of the mixture adhering to it should be at least 2 cm. When the desired result is achieved, stop adding sand.

Progress of laying rows

The construction of the furnace begins with the installation of guide posts. The formwork is attached to them - wooden box without bottom. It is needed to ensure that the masonry is even. The formwork is designed for several rows: when they are completed, it is raised to the top. It is also used to create vaults and arches, although for this purpose semicircular formwork is used, and not in the form of a box. When the masonry is higher than the chest, you will have to work on platforms.

When everything is ready, you need to choose a method of ordering the masonry heating stoves and construction technology. There are two popular options for installing blocks - splice and spoon. They got their name depending on which part of the brick faces outward. There is another method - bed, when the bricks are installed on a spoon or a poke, but it is unreliable. To avoid problems, it is recommended to monitor the thickness of the seam: it should be at least 5 mm.

Laying stages

Let's take a closer look at the stages of laying a stove in a house using a Swede as an example. The first layer of brick is the most important; it is laid strictly in compliance with the level. Bricks are not placed in the place where the ash pit chamber is located. There will be a blower between the chamber and the front side of the furnace; the blocks behind it are cut at an angle to make it easier to remove the ash. A three-quarter brick is placed in front of the ash pit.

The second and third rows are placed after the ash pan is secured. Otherwise they are similar to the first. It is important that the height of the third row coincides with the height of the blower door. In the fourth row, a door is installed for cleaning the passages with your own hands, and the passages themselves are laid out directly behind it. A row of bricks from above blocks the door of the blower.

With each subsequent row, the opening of the ash pan is narrowed. A grate is installed on the fifth row of bricks. The combustion chamber door is mounted on top of the sixth row above the ash pit. It is necessary that its height coincides with the height of the ninth row.

The first ten rows are made of refractory bricks, the next superstructure is made of ordinary building material. Placed on top of the bricks of the tenth row hob. In the next rows, the passages for the movement of heated air smoothly transform into a smoke outlet. More detailed diagram The order of the furnace is determined by the configuration and purpose of the structure.

You can provide warmth in your private home different ways– the modern market offers a large assortment heating equipment. However, brick stoves for wood-burning homes are still in demand, as they allow you to quickly and efficiently heat a room, and also give a pleasant feeling of living warmth. In this article we will talk about how to make a brick oven for your home and what they are like.

Advantages of stove heating

The main advantage of stove heating for a home is the ability of brick structures to first accumulate heat and then gradually release it into the room, keeping it indoors comfortable temperature. In addition, if you often fire a brick stove for your home in winter, the house will always be dry and warm, and the stove draft allows you to ensure natural ventilation Houses.

At the same time, too hot summer air is discharged from the house into the ground, and the air through the foundation and chimney, so it gets cool.

Depending on the purpose of using a stove for a brick house, it can perform the following functions:

• cooking;
• drying clothes and shoes or storing dried fruits;
• warming up the beds for subsequent sleep;
• serves as a source of open fire.

If a stove performs several functions at once, it is called combined. This category includes fireplace stoves, cooking and heating stoves, some traditional varieties, in particular the Russian stove.

Among the disadvantages of brick stoves for heating a home is their lack of efficiency when it comes to big house with many rooms. In this case, you either need to install another similar instance, or combine the stove with other types of heating systems.

If the house is small and includes one or more rooms, the optimal location for a large brick stove will be the central part of the building. Thus, the stove will be able to extend its walls into all rooms at once. In this case, a hob with an oven is located in the kitchen, an open firebox in the living room, and a bed in the nursery or bedroom.

Types of brick stoves

There are several varieties furnace structures, which are built most often and are in demand because of their functionality and convenience. However, in each specific case, the furnace parameters are adjusted to the parameters desired by the customer. Let's look at the main types of stoves.

Traditional Russian wood stove

A Russian brick wood-burning kitchen stove is the largest option of all. However, it is distinguished not only by its large size, but also by its multitasking. The Russian stove has an open firebox, sometimes blocked by a damper, as well as a whole labyrinth of internal passages through which it moves. hot air, warming up the entire structure (read: “How to heat a Russian stove - features of the firebox”). As an option, an additional hob can be installed in the Russian stove.

As for the efficiency of a Russian brick stove for a wood-burning dacha, it is about 60% (read: “What a brick stove for a dacha should be like - the advantages of a brick stove, construction rules”). In addition, you still need to get used to its kindling and heat it regularly, not allowing the body of the stove to cool down. Otherwise, due to temperature changes, condensation will begin to form on the walls, which the brick will absorb. As a result, when it freezes again, it will crumble.

In the warm season, a Russian stove can be used for cooking, opening a summer passage through which smoke will exit directly into the chimney, bypassing the body of the stove.

The Russian stove has the following advantages:

• multitasking – use for heating and cooking;
• creates comfortable conditions in the house subject to regular heating;
• gives the atmosphere a national flavor.

The design also has disadvantages:

• the stove is very heavy, so a massive foundation is needed;
• costly construction due to large quantity materials and complexity of work;
• need for regular cleaning moves;
• low efficiency.

Therefore, it is advisable to install this option stoves in the house if you plan to live in it permanently and have the finances and free space.

Dutch heating stove made of brick

Dutch wood-burning brick stoves for the home are in quite high demand among owners of summer cottages. The channels in them are located vertically, which allows the walls to be heated by hot smoke passing through them. Sometimes they also make brick ovens for the home with a hob, which is very practical.

A Dutch oven, due to its structure, takes up quite a bit of space - it can be a brick oven meter by meter. But its height can vary significantly. If necessary, such a stove can heat two floors at once, passing through the ceilings.

Advantages of a Dutch stone oven for the home:

• low-cost construction - you don’t need as much material as for a Russian stove, and you can do the work yourself;
• fast warm-up premises due to the small thickness of the furnace walls;
• long breaks between heating are possible without loss of power;
• a small Dutch oven can heat a house of about 70 m2.

Among the disadvantages:

• low efficiency - only about 40%;
• the fuel in it should smolder and not burn, which is why it is called a stove long burning;
• the need for regular maintenance - removal of soot and ash;
• presence of kindling skills - the view must be closed, otherwise the stove will quickly cool down.

It is best to use a Dutch brick oven for heating your home small sizes, including country houses. You can build an oven, stove or water heating tank into it.

Swedish wood-burning brick stove for home

If you compare a Swedish stove with a Dutch one, its main difference will be its higher efficiency. The “Swedish” can include a hob, niches for drying clothes or shoes, an oven, a fireplace and even a bed.

Inside, the Swedish heating wood-burning stove for a brick house has a system of channels, but it also acts as a bell-type stove, in which the flue gases burn out under the arch of the firebox. Such a stove is used to heat two adjacent rooms, but on large area it is not calculated.

Among the advantages of the design are:

• more effective use fuel;
• high warm-up speed;
• additional heating of the floor surface due to design features;
• possibility of cooking;
• the presence of niches for drying clothes and storing dried fruits;
• possibility to build in a heat exchanger for heating water.

Here are a few disadvantages of the Swedish stove:

• during construction, some structural elements must be made of refractory bricks, which increases the cost estimate;
• to avoid heat loss through the lower section of the stove, it needs thermal insulation;
• It is advisable not to allow the stove to cool completely in winter, otherwise the masonry will gradually begin to collapse due to condensation and temperature changes during kindling.

The scope of application of the Swedish stove is small houses for permanent residence, or installation as an auxiliary heat source.

Wood-burning bell-type stoves

This design of wood-burning brick heating stoves allows them to heat up evenly on all sides and remain quite warm. long time. This is the most modern type wood stoves made of brick. The main difference between such a stove is the absence of long narrow passages in its design, in which soot and ash can accumulate, narrowing the clearance in the chimney over time.

In bell-type heating systems stone ovens From the fuel chamber, smoke rises upward and accumulates under the dome, where it remains until it cools, after which it gradually falls down along the walls, transferring heat to them. Sometimes there are several such hoods in a furnace, which explains its high efficiency.

The advantages of the design are:

• low cost of construction due to compact size and small amount of consumables;
• complete cooling is allowed between heating, which does not affect the high heating rate of the stove and all adjacent rooms;
• the design prevents the formation of reverse draft, so it will not cool down even with the view open;
• It is very easy to light such a stove.

The stove has practically no drawbacks, so it is very popular among owners of small cottages. It can successfully heat a house with several rooms and even floors - it all depends on the number of hoods.

How to build a long burning stove

Quite a few home owners with stove heating It would be interesting to convert your brick oven so that it operates in a long-burning mode. However, this cannot be done at home.

The fact is that to operate in this mode, the tightness of the firebox must be ensured, in which smoke with a high concentration of carbon monoxide will collect. These gases must not be allowed to enter the room. At the same time, for smoldering it is necessary to minimize the air flow, which can be done using the blower door, but this is very inconvenient.

To some extent, smoldering of fuel can be achieved in a Russian or Dutch oven. However, this is not safe, so it is better to opt for a stove that retains heat for a long time. As an option, you can buy a factory-made metal stove with a long burning time, which, by the way, will be cheaper than building a brick stove for your home according to the drawings with your own hands. And their efficiency will not be lower.

If you nevertheless decide to build a brick oven yourself, weigh all the arguments and decide on the design. Then you will need to find an order with a description of the masonry and purchase consumables. Please note that furnace work requires certain skills.

Before starting to lay the stove, it is necessary to pour a strong foundation, and its dimensions should exceed the body of the stove by 10-15 cm on each side. You can use concrete mortar with reinforcing mesh, rubble stone or concrete blocks. Remember that the stove foundation should not be connected to the main foundation of the house, otherwise the stove or chimney may burst during inter-seasonal soil movements.

The body of the furnace is laid out from two types of bricks - solid and fireclay. Refractory fireclay bricks are used for laying especially hot places - the combustion chamber and smoke channels. For clutch fire bricks a solution based on fireclay clay or with the addition of fireclay powder is used.

To save on masonry, fireclay bricks are placed only in those places where regular solid bricks cannot be used. All other structural elements, including the chimney, are made of ceramic bricks. For their laying, a solution based on oven clay or special composition with heat-resistant cement.

Please note that to compensate for the difference in thermal expansion, a gap of 5 mm is left between the refractory and ceramic bricks.

All factory parts - views, grates, doors, dampers, hob - must be installed in the places specified in the diagram. To securely fasten the door, a calcined wire 30-40 cm long is threaded into it and walled up in the masonry. As for the grate bars and cast iron plates, grooves are made in the bricks under them, taking into account 5 mm gaps to the metal for thermal expansion and laying of cord or asbestos fabric.

The last element of the stove is the chimney. It can be made from ceramic bricks or you can purchase a ready-made block chimney. Factory products are not only durable, but also resistant to condensate containing carbonic acid, do not clog for a long time and provide good traction.

The finishing of the finished stove is done at the discretion of the owners. You can use clinker, ceramic tiles or finishing stone. This will give the stove a finished and attractive look, and will also protect it from moisture and dust, which will extend its service life.

Not only its durability, but also the safety of residents will depend on how responsibly and competently you approach the choice of stove design and its manufacture. Be that as it may, a wood-burning brick stove always fills the house with living warmth and brings coziness and comfort.