Purpose of furniture fittings. Classification and types of furniture fittings. German fittings ROTO

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(Manufacturers of cabinet furniture, this is important for the success of the demand for your products!!!)

The concept of fittings

The first furniture fittings were ropes and nails, with the help of which people fastened furniture parts together. And if the form and functional purpose of furniture on a historical scale have not undergone significant changes, then the production of accessories has made an unimaginably big leap.
What does this capacious concept include: “accessories for furniture making”.
Furniture production does not stand alone; the word “fittings” is found quite often, and in different areas industry and production. The most widely used concepts are “furniture fittings” and “window fittings”. So what is fittings?
ACCESSORIES- the totality of all metal and plastic parts in the design of a furniture product, without which its existence is impossible. Furniture components are made of metal and plastic; facial accessories can also be made of wood, glass, and ceramics. Furniture fittings are several tens of thousands of items used in the manufacture of furniture.

With the help of fittings, a movable and fixed connection of furniture parts is ensured, as well as the interaction of furniture with a person and his home. In the industry standard "Furniture fittings. General technical requirements" a classification of furniture fittings products is given, which includes more than 110 types. It should be said that in the manufacture of furniture various glass products, plastic and metal containers, dish drainers, mirrors and other products related to furniture components are also used. Properly chosen fittings have a positive effect on the architectural artistic solution furniture, organization of the technological process for manufacturing furniture, strength and durability m

food, ease of use

Furniture fittings - subtleties of furniture production

Oddly enough, furniture accessories play no less a role than other furniture components: cabinet walls, their doors or shelves.
Moreover, the cost of these components (of course, if they are of high quality) makes up a very impressive part of the cost of the furniture produced.
This is especially true for kitchens, wardrobes, but, above all, dressing rooms.
Even in an ordinary closet you will find many, sometimes inconspicuous, but very useful helpers - elements of furniture fittings. Very high demands are placed on retractable mechanisms, which are usually equipped with shelves and drawers of cabinets, chests of drawers, bedside tables, computer and desk tables, etc. Easy, almost silent and sliding drawer extension makes the use of cabinet furniture as comfortable as possible. Sliding wardrobes also owe their popularity to the ease of opening the door: without making any effort, even a child can take clothes out of the closet and just as easily push the door back.

Furniture fittings are coming

Fittings for cabinet furniture have not undergone significant changes for quite a long time and are not particularly diverse. Only with the development of production technologies, with the advent of fierce competition in the market, did experts think about the need for more evolutionary and original solutions in the field of furniture fittings. Now the variety of connecting units and components allows you to turn the most daring design solutions into reality. Thus, the presentation of the product is improved, and its competitiveness increases.
Today, trivial corner ties and roller guides are being replaced by increasingly modernized and diverse auxiliary products for the production of cabinet furniture. Actually one of distinctive features in the development of the furniture industry for last decade is the intensive growth in the production of fittings according to their nomenclature and assortment. The quality characteristics of fittings are improved. Increasing their reliability, durability, and cleanliness of workmanship also leads to an increase in the quality of the furniture products themselves. The functional type (range) of fittings products is also expanding. This allows you to create furniture samples with new or improved consumer properties. The model (assortment) variety of fittings is increasing. There is an opportunity for greater variability in the design and composition of furniture, for a more accurate match of the external characteristics of fittings and furniture in their color, texture, shape, and in general - in style.
It is not uncommon for some furniture products to consist almost entirely of fittings selected from a catalog, for example, work chairs and wardrobes. Today, specialized catalogs in this capacity include, for example, supports for stools, chairs, armchairs and tables, a “back-seat” block, load-bearing elements shelving structures, plinths, cornices, mesh shelves, metal sliding doors, bed frames, product frames upholstered furniture, kitchen worktop covers.

Types of accessories

All these elements can be divided:
- fastening fittings,
- functional (facial) fittings.
This division of accessories is quite arbitrary, because some fasteners can perform the “duties” of the front one.
A special place in this series is furniture edging and edging materials in general (edging tapes, edging glue, etc.). We also note a variety of mortise profiles and furniture edgings. By the way, profiles for finishing furniture edges can also be applied.

Mounting hardware

Designed for fastening and fixing furniture parts. Fasteners that ensure the movable interaction of furniture elements include various types of hinges, guides, metaboxes, etc.

Furniture hinge

A device by which the door is attached to the frame of a furniture product. Hinges are the most important element that ensures the functioning and reliability of a furniture door. The most common are brass or brass-plated hinges (zinc or steel alloys). It is brass-plated on top so that the hinge does not rust and its parts slide better.
Sometimes furniture hinges are coated with enamel of different colors or other compounds that imitate bronze, gold, or chrome. Modern four-hinged hinges, even those produced by the same company, differ in design, variety of purposes and external design.
Based on the type of fastening, hinges can be divided into overhead, inset, semi-overlay, and complex hinges. Overhead hinges are furniture hinges in which the part to be opened completely covers the end of the supporting part and is located at an angle of 90° to it. Inset hinges are furniture

hinges, in which the outer plane of the part to be opened is at an angle of 90° to the supporting part and in the same plane as its end.

Semi-overlay hinges - this type of furniture hinge is used when two opposite hinges are installed on one load-bearing part, while the parts to be opened cover the end of the load-bearing part (each by an equal half depending on the model of the hinge used) and are also at an angle of 90 ° to her. Complex hinges are furniture hinges in which the angle of rotation when opening can be +-45°, +-30°, 180° and differs from the standard opening angle of 95-110°.

Furniture guides

Guides are a drawer pull-out system. All extension systems can be divided into two types:
- guides for regular boxes from laminated chipboard or wood;
- boxes that have metal parts in their design (sides, sometimes back walls)

Nowadays roller and ball guides.

Roller- easy to use and correct installation make it easy to open and close drawers.

Ball guides- high-tech, diverse, differing in complexity. They allow the drawers to be fully extended, provide smooth operation and silent, soft closing of the drawers.

Metaboxes- sidewalls for economy class boxes. Metaboxes are made on the basis of roller guides, but have serious differences. The metabox set consists of two support rails (left and right) and two guides that are also the side walls of the box (left and right). This is one of the conveniences of metaboxes, because... there is no need to make the side walls of the box from chipboard or other material. You only need to make the bottom, back wall and front of the box of the required size. And the fact that the bottom is made of laminated chipboard (mostly the thickness of laminated chipboard is 16mm), and not from fiberboard (mostly the thickness of fibreboard is 4mm), gives the product extraordinary strength and reliability. Another advantage of metaboxes is the fastenings for the facade, which are adjustable, ensuring that the front of the box is installed exactly on the body of the furniture. There are also special extension bars for metaboxes that allow you to increase the working height of the metabox to the right size, and separation systems will allow you to properly organize the workspace inside the metabox itself. Metaboxes are made of steel, 1.2mm thick and coated with high-strength enamel in various colors (mainly white and metallic). The material of the rollers themselves is high-strength plastic, designed for more than one thousand openings. The load (weight of the box) supported by metaboxes directly depends on their length. The longer the length, the less the load: from 10kg to 20kg. (open state). Metaboxes are considered a partial extension system (3/4), i.e. extend three-quarters of their total length. Metaboxes can be used for both overlay and inset facades.

Alpha Box- high-tech drawer pull-out mechanism. The Alpha drawer is equipped with a maintenance-free guide system that is hidden from view under other parts and is highly resistant to lateral loads. The high-quality drawer pull system has excellent movement and easily pulls drawers into the cabinet. The guide system requires no maintenance and is highly wear-resistant. It leaves no traces of metal abrasion or any other contaminants: cleanliness and hygiene are guaranteed! Maximum load - 40kg. White boxes are entered into the warehouse program.

Furniture fasteners

Fasteners that ensure the fixed interaction of furniture elements include:
- screeds,
-screws,
- confirmations,
- dowels,
- self-tapping screws,
-corners and so on. Moreover, all these listed fasteners belong to the group of screeds, but they are called differently.
If we take the origins of furniture, then at the beginning of carpentry there was no such variety of fasteners as now, and all furniture was built on lock joints,

Shipah, "shkanah" (now, - dowels and wedges that gave strength to benches and tables. Since then, a lot has changed, but the dowel has remained the fastener still used today. The dowels (8X30), however, also acquired different sizes, received corrugation and a precise chamfer at the ends. Everything else gave way to special fittings. Connecting furniture on dowels even now gives us the opportunity to quickly and correctly position furniture parts during assembly, and prevents their mutual displacement during operation, absorbing all lateral loads. Dowel - very cheap and simple detail, but it also has its own difficulties. It is made from natural wood and, when made from undried wood or improperly stored, can change its cylindrical shape, which significantly affects the quality of the connection. However, small furniture is connected using dowels alone. At large sizes products and correspondingly increasing loads, the dowels can no longer withstand pulling out, that is, longitudinal forces, and therefore, ties can always be found next to them.
Screw tie or barrel tie consists of only two elements: a screw and a “barrel” - a cylindrical part with a transverse threaded hole. The “barrel” itself is made entirely of metal or plastic with a nut inserted inside (however, its diameter increases somewhat). The tie is very strong, since when tightening the screw, very large forces are generated and a long tightening stroke is generated, but visible screw heads always appear on the side surface of the product, spoiling its appearance. Of course, the head of the screw, especially with a hex slot, can be covered with a plastic plug, but the appearance will still leave much to be desired.
The screed is not very easy to assemble. The hole in the barrel must line up exactly with the screw. Therefore, the mutually perpendicular axes of the holes for the “barrel” and for the screw in the layer and end of the part must intersect exactly. When the installed “barrel” is simply turned the wrong way, it is easy to turn it around using a specially provided slot at the end. But if the hole under it is too deep, and he simply “drowned” in it, it is extremely difficult to pull him back out. Conical coupler. The desire to hide the screw head from the front surface led to the modernization of the “barrel” coupler. As a result, the screw that passes through the attached part of the assembled furniture frame has been replaced by a rod that is screwed into a body with a threaded hole, screwed or pressed flush into the part.
Two holes are drilled in the main part: one at the end, for the rod, the other, perpendicular to the first, in the plane, for the “barrel”. The rod, at the end of which a conical recess is formed on the side surface, passes through the transverse hole of the body, along the axis of which there is a threaded hole with a screw. The tip of the screw has a pointed conical shape and when the screw is screwed in, it rests against the side surface of the recess of the tie rod, displacing it together with the attached part to the end of the main one, thereby achieving tension in the connection. Screed furniture corner. The product is also very simple in design: a strip of metal bent at a right angle with a hole on one arm and a groove on the other. It consists entirely of five elements: an angle, two countersunk screws and two threaded fittings. During assembly, the angle is attached with screws to the parts being connected using metal or plastic fittings with an internal threaded hole.
The tightening force is achieved by displacing the axis of the fastening hole on one of the parts being connected. As a result, when screwing the screw, it presses with the cone of its head on the conical side surface of the hole in the corner, displacing the entire attached part and attracting it. At one time, this screed even became predominantly widespread in our industry, because: it is durable; does not require drilling holes in the ends; easy to install; unpretentious to the accuracy of the location of filler holes; Disadvantages: visible; interferes with the use of furniture; there are a lot of defects in its production; As for attempts to use metal or plastic corners secured with screws to connect furniture parts, it is better not to buy furniture with such joints: this is not a screed at all, and it is impossible to obtain a reliable tense corner joint in any furniture with their help.
Screw tie, or euroscrew, or euroscrew, or confirmat- a screw, usually made of carbon steel. In Europe this tie is called "Einteilferbinder" or "single element tie". And for some reason we call it a “euroscrew” or “euroscrew”. Although the name “screw tie” is much more suitable for it, especially since it is like two drops of water like a screw, only thick and blunt.
Depending on the manufacturer’s company, as well as the specifics of production, confirmations have different coating: electrogalvanized, brass-plated, nickel, about 5mm thick. The simplest screed, which found so wide application among our furniture makers precisely because it requires virtually no precision at all when adding.
Only two holes are drilled: one at the end of the main part, the other in the plane attached to it. The most popular are Euroscrews with a thread diameter of 7mm and a length of 50 or 70mm. Screeds from different manufacturers have their own design features. The small diameter of the head often allows, using force, to embed the screed flush with the surface of the slab without first countersinking the hole. Also, screw ties may have a specially provided “tooth” under the head, similar to a flash in a poorly made nail, which ensures that it is screwed in flush without countersinking, forming a chamfer for the hole.

A high-quality screed should not have a displacement of the head or slot relative to the axis. If this alignment does not exist, then the tie will go unevenly when screwed in, and the thread will break the hole, which impairs the strength of the connection between the chipboard parts. A tie with a smaller pitch of turns and a larger thread point provides a more durable connection. The first four turns of the thread are conical and have special serrations.
Therefore, the tie works like a tap or self-tapping screw, ensuring the cutting of smooth, high-quality threads to accommodate the remaining turns without disturbing the structure of the slab. Disadvantages: head visible from the end. It is usually closed with a plug; furniture assembled on such a screed cannot be assembled more than three times, since the threads cut in such a soft material as chipboard are likely to break. The trouble is that many manufacturers, rightly hoping for the strength of the metal, have completely stopped using dowels together with this screed. But if the assembly is carried out without securing the parts in the loan, then the parts may “lead away,” which can be noticeable when inspecting some products.
Eccentric coupler– a type of connecting fittings that combines low visibility and high strength of the connection and provides the possibility of repeated assembly of the product. Ties from different manufacturers have their own characteristics, and because of their characteristics, eccentric couplers are also called minifixes, rondofixes and rafixes - these words are derived from the names of eccentric couplers from different manufacturers.
The principle of operation of the tie: A metal or plastic sleeve is screwed or pressed into the face of the attached part, flush with it, into which the tie rod with a “T”-shaped head is screwed. When assembling the product, the rod passes through a hole in the end of the main part, and its head ends up in the middle of a transverse hole drilled in its face. An eccentric is installed in it, gripping the rod head with its internal eccentric surface. With further rotation, the eccentric, turning in its hole and acting on the head of the rod, first brings the parts to be connected together, and then creates the necessary force in the connection.
An eccentric coupler consists of a cast metal eccentric, a fitting and a rod. There are also quite a lot of designs of such couplers, in which the rod is wrapped directly into the material of the attached part, without the use of a sleeve. The main difference between eccentric couplers is the diameter of the eccentric. The larger it is, the greater the stroke of the tie and the greater the possible force. Eccentrics with a diameter of 25, 15 and 12 mm are used.
Eccentrics with a diameter of 25 mm, and sometimes 15 mm, must be closed with a plastic plug. Disadvantages: possible weakening of the tie during use of the product. Different manufacturers solve this problem in different ways. For some couplers, the internal working surface of the eccentric is made concave, and the spherical working surface of the rod head is in contact with it. In other designs, the internal working surface of the eccentric is stepped, and the adjacent working surface of the rod head is flat.
In this case, the outer surface of the eccentric is equipped with oblique smoothed teeth, inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of its rotation during assembly, which, while increasing adhesion to the material of the part, additionally prevents its spontaneous rotation and weakening of the connection during operation of the product. Also, the notches inside the eccentric increase its grip on the rod three times compared to a smooth flat surface. An eccentric coupler requires extremely precise relative positioning of all mating holes. Drilling these holes "on the knee" often leads to breakage of the eccentric when applying force during assembly. Actually, the lack of precise filler equipment limits the widespread use of eccentric couplers in domestic furniture. Screw (derived from the German Schraube) - a screw screwed into wood or other soft material, in which the screw itself forms a thread by deforming the material.
The screw can be screwed into any material due to the threads that are made on the screw shaft. The thread of a screw is different from the thread of screws and bolts screwed into metal. It is taller and has a larger cutting pitch.
The threaded portion of the screw has a conical shape, tapering towards the end of the screw. The thread can be cut either along the entire length or only on part of the screw. The sizes of screws also vary depending on the tasks that are solved with their help.
Self-tapping screws- fasteners in shape corresponding to the definition of a SCREW, but having significant design improvements (primarily the shape of the thread, tip and slot), made of high-quality materials with various corrosion-resistant and aesthetic coatings.
These improvements make it possible to often use screws without pre-drilling holes (which significantly simplifies and speeds up the installation process of fastened products), as well as to use screws for fastenings on a metal (aluminum, steel, etc.) base and in building materials(concrete, brick, etc.). Such screws have significantly expanded the scope of their application and have significantly influenced the technology of many construction and mechanical assembly works.
Since the new screws were radically different from the traditional ones, a new term appeared in everyday life - SCREWS. This concept more accurately shows the purpose and capabilities of new screws, although today it is not legalized by the corresponding standard.

Shelf supports

- a piece of furniture that holds a shelf. The purpose of this fittings is to firmly hold all shelves at the desired height. A shelf installed on shelf holders between two vertical walls of the product at a high level, regardless of the design of the shelf holder, must be protected from accidental overturning under the influence of a load on its front edge. Therefore, shelf holders should be located at a distance of no more than 50-60mm from the front edge of the shelf. Main models of shelf supports modern type are shelf holders for glass surfaces and chipboard, decorative and hidden, special shelf holders combined with ties, shelf holders for fast species installation and many others.

4.2.Functional (or front) fittings are visible fasteners that carry a certain functional load. Facial fittings ensure interaction between the product and the person. Functional fittings include furniture supports, handles, sliding systems, wardrobe equipment, kitchen accessories.

4.2.1.Handle

- this is an object or part of it, specifically designed for grasping, grasping or pressing on it with the hand when performing some short-term action, for example, for opening something: a door handle, a window, a cabinet drawer, etc.
In the design of furniture, several types of handles are used, depending on their shape, which have received their own names: handles-buttons, handles-bars, handles-sinks and handles-brackets (handle-brace) and so-called handles-rails. Handles are made, as a rule, in three stylistic directions: classic, retro, modern design. In most cases, handles are made of metal, but there are handles made of plastic, glass and ceramic.
Handle-button has a round, rectangular or other shaped body, attached to the furniture with a screw passing through its axis. Knob handles, if necessary, are equipped with devices that prevent them from freely turning or unscrewing under normal operating conditions.
Handle bar attached to the furniture in at least two points. Its body, most often, has a cross-section that is constant along its entire length.
Sink handles They can be either protruding above the surface of the element to which they are attached, or recessed, embedded in the product. Protruding handles are attached to the product at two points, while recessed handles are inserted into the hole chosen for them.
Bracket handles have a fixed or movable through bracket fixed at two points.
Handle rails- chrome plated steel rod with two attachment points. Handle rails are a fashion option and, as a rule, exceed the size of handle bars. Handles are attached to furniture using glue, screws and screws. Fastening with glue is rarely used, since glued handles cannot be removed from the product, which may be required during transportation and repair. In addition, glued handles are difficult to replace with new ones. Mostly recessed handles-shells are placed on the glue. Today, a common method of fastening handles is with special screws embedded in the handle during its manufacture, and standard nuts. The nut and screw are closed with a metal or plastic cap.
4.2.2.Furniture supports or let’s talk about “legs”

Furniture supports- These are furniture fastening devices. They ensure the interaction of furniture products with the elements of the room and must be convenient and reliable in operation. Today there are a huge number of different supports, which are divided by characteristics, structures, design, etc. Constantly changing fashion forces furniture manufacturers, manufacturers of facial accessories, and designers to come up with more and more new types of designs.

Thrust bearing- the simplest furniture support. In most cases it is made of plastic and can be various types: “under the nail”, in the form of a button, with a leg, etc. It is still very often used in both cabinet and upholstered furniture of economy class. Despite its apparent simplicity, it has an important function - it prevents moisture from getting inside the boards from which the cabinet is made, since in the future the laminate that covers the chipboard may bubble and come off.

Roller bearings(furniture wheels) - necessary for the manufacture of armchairs for the home, coffee tables, extendable sofas, medical furniture, various gurneys, etc. These supports come with a stopper, without a stopper, are attached to furniture using a platform, a threaded screw, or have a U- figurative fastening. The ability to carry increased loads, soft, silent rolling - these are the main advantages of wheel supports. The load on each support is determined by its purpose. The simplest wheel support is “straightforward”, its name speaks for itself; such a product is used in furniture that does not require turning, for example sliding sofas. The next class of “wheeled” supports are supports for furniture that require rotation around its axis. They differ in load, appearance, and mounting methods.

« Decorative supports- performing the function of the actual support, they are also an element of the structural design of the furniture (i.e. they are clearly visible in the finished product). With their help you can completely change the appearance of your furniture. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be metal, plastic, wood, or a combination.
There are a huge number of “decorative” supports on the modern furniture market, but as experience shows, first of all, this support must be made of high-quality material, and the external coating must meet the highest quality standards. Now there are many different fakes on the market. At first glance, it is sometimes impossible to distinguish a fake from a “original” product, and only during operation do their shortcomings become apparent. The coating fades and falls off, and the load does not correspond to the declared one, since recycled metal is used in fakes.
The existing problem of uneven floors was solved with the help of adjustable feet. The simplest adjustable supports are sets of screws with a plastic head and a mating part, which can be a regular nut for a leg with an external thread, a whisker nut (it must be driven into the bottom end of the furniture), or a corner bracket. Adjustment of such a leg is carried out by screwing the screw into the mating part, by hand or with a screwdriver.
The disadvantage of this design is that in order to adjust the height of the cabinet, you have to lift it, turn the leg required quantity revolutions, put the cabinet in place, evaluate the correctness of the adjustment and, if necessary, repeat this sequence of actions several more times. And the cabinet has to be unloaded before adjustment. But this problem has also been resolved - there are hidden adjustable supports of different designs designed to compensate for uneven floors and level the height of heavy wardrobes and closets, even if they are already filled with clothes.
Conclusion: The above is only the main and small part of the furniture fittings; lifting mechanisms, pantographs and other complex mechanisms and furniture components and fittings are not affected. You can talk about the equipment of a kitchen or dressing room for hours.

(By what signs can you distinguish good fittings from pirated ones?)

Recently, a lot of cheap, unscrupulous accessories from China have appeared in Russia.

It is not recommended to deal with her.
1. On a high-quality loop you can easily detect the manufacturer’s brand. Our most famous ones are: Blum, FGV, Firmax, Boward, Ferrari, Grass, Hettich, Lama, Samsung.. Many of these companies have factories in China and provide strict control over production, so such Chinese products do not raise suspicion.
2. Sure signs of “left” fittings are defects in galvanic coating, uneven color(“discoloration”), large burrs, creaking when opening, incomplete closing of the door.
Drawer guides are most often found in two types - roller and ball. They can be easily distinguished by their appearance, and most importantly, by their sound. Roller bearings by their nature have backlash. The balls move smoothly and almost silently. Ball guides are a sure sign of more expensive and solid furniture. Roller drawers have their own advantage: drawers on such guides can easily be completely removed from the cabinet, which is important for office furniture.
3.B last years Hidden guides, which are used in expensive and high-quality furniture, have become especially popular. These guides are highly reliable: thanks to the built-in dampers, the drawer moves smoothly and closes softly and silently.
4. When buying or ordering cabinet furniture, you need to pay attention to the shelf holders. A cheap detail, a trifle! But it is precisely the attention to detail that demonstrates the manufacturer’s respectful attitude towards his product and the buyer. The simplest shelf holder seems to be durable, time-tested. However, the shelf on it is not fixed securely enough. Today, such shelf supports are used only in the cheapest furniture. Corner-shaped shelf supports are much more reliable - they have a much larger contact area with the shelf, and they look much neater.
Conclusion: In order not to worry about the furniture you like, you need to study the certificates for it, and then carefully check all the components of its quality in order:
- It is desirable that all surfaces of chipboard or MDF boards be lined;
-On chipboard board and its coating, chipping, peeling of the film or edge material is unacceptable;
-The thickness of the slab on countertops must be at least 18 mm; the use of a 16 mm slab is not recommended;
-Joints of decorative strips (panels, cornices), made at an angle, must be neat, without gaps;
-Door hinges must be above suspicion (markings, high-quality coating, no squeaking);
- Fasteners - as hidden as possible, hidden inside the slab, or covered with plugs;
-The shelves must be firmly held in place; backlash (swaying of the shelf) indicates the “pirate” origin of the furniture;
-The back walls of the cabinets must be securely fastened; it is desirable that they be made of laminated chipboard or MDF, and not of hardboard (fibreboard) - this reduces the risk that you will accidentally “push” the wall out of the cabinet;
- In the places where the doors adjoin the frame, special pads or dampers must be installed, thanks to which the doors will not rattle when closing.
-Silumin (aluminum alloy) “corner” screed today already looks suspicious. Eccentric ties are preferred - they are more accurate and do not catch the eye. On the other hand, such connections require more complex filler equipment. Therefore, furniture assembled on “eccentrics” is most likely of “factory” origin and not of pirated origin.
-The screw fastener (also known as “euroscrew”, also known as “confirmat”) is very popular, but has a significant drawback: “confirmed” furniture cannot be disassembled and reassembled more than two or three times. The carving in the chipboard layer no longer lives!

Purchasing furniture is a long-term purchase. It sometimes serves us for decades. Buying furniture is not only a long and painstaking process, but also expensive. According to statistics, the cost of purchasing furniture ranks third among the expenses of the average family, after the cost of real estate and vehicles. Considering the importance of the costs of purchased furniture, the specifics of Russian legislation in the field of consumer protection and the peculiarities of doing business by many large and small companies, it is necessary to know some rules for purchasing furniture and to warn potential furniture buyers against fatal mistakes. To avoid problems that could spoil the joy of your purchase, we ask you to take note of this consumer information and follow the recommendations.
1. When purchasing materials for making furniture, citizens, as a rule, look at the dimensions, design, colors, but few people pay attention to the marking labels and other accompanying documents. When purchasing furniture or materials, it is necessary not only to check the quality of the product, the compliance of the dimensions of the furniture with the dimensions specified in the specification, but also the availability of accompanying documentation. First of all, you should pay attention to the presence of a label, which is a kind of business card manufacturer. Furniture and manufacturing materials must be accompanied by the following information for the consumer:

The company name (name) and location (legal address) of the manufacturer of the goods, the location of the organization (organizations) authorized by the manufacturer (seller) to accept claims from buyers and carry out repairs and maintenance of the goods;
- details of the manufacturer and (or) supplier;
Name of product;
- designation of standards, the mandatory requirements of which the product must comply with;
- information about the main consumer properties of the product;
-rules and conditions for effective and safe use of the product;
- technical control mark, batch number and date of manufacture;
- about the functional purpose;
-about the materials from which the furniture is made and which are used in its decoration;
- about the methods, terms, conditions of delivery and transfer of goods to the buyer;
-price and terms of purchase of goods;
- furniture packaging must be accompanied by instructions for use or use.
2. Samples of furniture offered for sale must be displayed on the sales floor in such a way as to ensure easy access to them for inspection by buyers.
3. The seller is obliged to carry out pre-sale preparation of furniture, which includes checking the completeness, the presence of parts necessary for assembly, furniture assembly diagrams (if the furniture is dismountable), as well as checking the presence of all items included in the set (set) of furniture.
4. Assembly and delivery of furniture is carried out for a fee, unless otherwise provided by the contract.
5. When selling furniture, the seller is obliged to bring to the attention of the buyer information about confirmation of conformity in the form of a certificate of conformity or information about confirmation of its compliance with established requirements (number of the certificate of conformity, its validity period, the body that issued the certificate, or registration number). These documents must be certified by the signature and seal of the manufacturer (supplier, seller) indicating his address and telephone number. If this information is not available from the seller, it is not recommended to purchase furniture.
6. Pay attention to the furniture storage conditions in the trade organization. At high humidity The destruction of phenol-formaldehyde resin accelerates, and the material from which the furniture is made begins to release more chemicals harmful to health into the air.
7. Remember that materials used in the manufacture of furniture, for example, chipboard, MDF (fiberboard), plywood, are sources of formaldehyde. If, when purchasing, you feel a distinct, easily noticeable, attention-grabbing unpleasant chemical odor from the furniture material, then do not buy it. This material found to be inappropriate hygienic requirements, even without further complex research. Furniture made from plywood and solid wood, or entirely solid wood, can also be a significant source of formaldehyde. In this case, it becomes oxidizing finishing (paint and varnish, etc.) materials containing urea formaldehydes, especially during the first six months after use. Studies on the influence of many coatings ( oil paint, wood veneer, fiberglass) have shown that they, to varying degrees (from 1.5 to 30 times), reduce the release of harmful substances from the polymer materials underneath them, but do not stop this process completely. The release of harmful substances into the air is associated both with their diffusion through the thickness of the coating and with their penetration through seams, cracks and other coating defects.

Conclusion:The logic is simple: if a furniture manufacturer, in order to save money, used the most primitive and cheap fittings, then where is the guarantee that he did not “save” on the quality of chipboard, on technology, on the qualifications of workers?

Good furniture manufacturers never skimp on furniture fittings, because they know that it is furniture fittings that have the “decisive vote” in their field of activity and that the success of sales of the furniture itself depends on furniture fittings. After all, no one needs a wardrobe without convenient pull-out shelves and drawers (that’s the only reason we take it - for its convenience and spaciousness) or a wardrobe with a steel door that doesn’t open well and without “pants holders”.

The situation in the apartment plays important role In human life. That is why choosing furniture for the home is a painstaking but necessary task. At the same time, furniture fittings play an important role, since they provide comfort and durability in the operation of interior items.

Of course, the appearance of the furniture is very important, but let’s not forget about the most important thing, namely the quality, durability, convenience and functionality of the items. These characteristics are provided by good furniture fittings and components that affect the interior of the room. This article will help you find out what furniture fittings are, what types of furniture fittings exist and the rules for choosing furniture fittings. To better understand the design features, you should look at the photos in the selection.

Each product fulfills its functional purpose and corresponds to the loads placed on it. High-quality fittings for cabinet furniture ensure that the furniture will last a long time. Purchasing furniture fittings will allow you to assemble the furniture yourself.

Italy is the best choice of the manufacturer. If we consider all types of fittings, then it is worth choosing Italian. It is considered elite, so when purchasing, give preference to products whose names are labeled “made in Italy.”

Furniture fittings are:
front fittings;

fastening.

The first type includes products whose main function is decorative, but often they are not without additional meanings (for example, a handle for a drawer door). New furniture fittings often appear for this type. Front fittings are the same part of the interior as the furnishings themselves, as they remain visible, unlike fastening fittings for furniture. This group of products requires preservation appearance without significant changes after years of use, as well as ergonomics. Close attention is paid protective coatings

, resistant to mechanical stress and abrasion. In high-quality furniture, the fitting material is plastic, metal or wood, depending on the features and design of the furniture.

Facial accessories are divided into:
pens;
locks;
hooks;
edging materials;

decorative elements.

Edge materials

Decorative elements The second type includes products that perform important practical role . They guarantee the reliability of the connection, as well as design features

. Fastening fittings must be made of high-quality material, durable, reliable and compact.

It includes the following elements:
furniture hinges;
lifting mechanisms;
shelf holders;
couplers (bolt);
accessories for furniture assembly;
furniture fittings for glass;
components for drawers (drawer mechanisms, shelf supports, etc.);
bolt (screw) and screws;

seals.

Lifting mechanism

Seals

Pens

There are three principles of operation of a door handle:
stationary;
with a push mechanism;

rotary. The first type is rarely used in practice. It does not have a lock and is designed to push or pull the door. But such a handle has a different shape and is therefore often used as a decorative one. The second type requires a latch that is released when the handle is pressed. Due to this, the door opens or closes. Installation will allow it to close from the inside.

The rotary handles are spherical in shape. The latch is released by turning the handle counterclockwise. Usually the user from inside can block the rotation of the handle with reverse side, blocking access to the room. Such handles are often installed in the bathroom.

The texture of the images on the handle must be matched to that of the door lining. For example, if the door has a transverse wood pattern, then the handles should match it.

Portnaya

Stationary

With push mechanism

Wheels

Furniture wheels are one type of support that allows you to move furnishings without exerting much physical effort. They can be made of plastic, like most office furniture, or decorative beech - to increase aesthetic appeal. Roller wheels are equipped with a bearing, the quality of which determines their service life.

Legs

Many types of furniture have fastening devices - furniture supports or legs. They are especially important for chairs, tables (table fittings), camping furniture. They support the entire weight of the structure, so they must be reliable. It is worth noting that such an element as a decorative support often plays an important role in furniture design. There are adjustable and non-adjustable supports. The simplest type of support is a thrust bearing, which protects the bottom of the furniture from abrasion and possible moisture ingress.

Connecting elements

These elements include various fasteners: ties, hinges, connecting fittings, shelf holders, screws, bolts, couplings, a decorative cover and plug hiding these elements.

Stubs

Loops

Furniture hinges are connecting fittings that are used to open and close door leaves at a certain specified angle. These elements are also used when transforming furniture is created. Structurally, they are a semi-mechanical device. It is the hinges that ensure the durability of the furniture, because they are made of metal and have a high level of strength.

Main types of loops:

overhead hinge is a standard choice for a conventional swing facade, the side edge of which serves for fastening. A door with such a hinge opens wide (up to 110⁰);
semi-overlay hinge - used in cabinets with a partition in the middle, the edge of which serves to fasten both doors that swing in opposite directions. Opening angle - 110⁰;
inner loop;
loop - transformer fittings;
forged cast iron is well used for hinges of massive doors, for example those installed in the entrance;
shelf supports;
fittings for transformable furniture in the form of a loop that holds the weight of two facades. Applicable for corner cabinets or if available drawers. At the same time, retractable and lifting mechanisms, shelf holders and others are considered.

Types of furniture hinges

Transformable furniture also comes in the form of tables. Accessories for tables provide the ability to create sliding tabletops.

Let's consider furniture fittings for drawer guides:

ball - there are small balls inside the case, thanks to which the drawer moves along the guide. Roll-out drawers are fully retractable, you can install a closer, thanks to which the edge is preserved longer;
roller - unlike ball guides, roller guides allow drawers to be pulled out partially.

Roller

Ball

The lifting mechanisms are as follows:

gas shock absorber;
a lifting mechanism (elevator) with a closer for opening the facade vertically, thanks to this fastener the edge is preserved longer;
folding mechanism with a closer for simultaneous opening of two horizontal facades.

In all cases, such mechanisms serve to ensure that the edge retains its functional properties and appearance longer.

Hooks

Attention to detail is very important in design. Therefore, when choosing hooks for clothes, you should carefully consider all the options. Hooks must withstand sufficient loads, therefore they are made mainly from strong metal materials. Besides functional features, hooks vary in size, style, shape and design.

Crossbar, pipe and rod

Furniture pipe is often installed in cabinets and racks as a support for display cases and tables. The pipe is used as a crossbar for clothes.

Types of such accessories:

pipe with a round cross section;
pipe with an oval cross section;
pipes bent at different angles.

Types of crossbars

Locks

One of the most important functions of a door is the ability to close it from others. There are three types of locks to accomplish this task:

latch;
lock with key;
locks for the bathroom.

The latch does not lock the door and is used for rooms where it is necessary to get rid of extraneous noise from neighboring rooms, but there is no need to close. For example, in the kitchen, living room. Most often, the latch is installed on doors with a push handle. A lock with a key allows you to lock the door, leaving access to the room only to the owner of the key. It also happens that there is a pinwheel on one side of the door.

In the bathrooms there are locks with a turntable, which can be easily closed from the inside. Choose a lock that has a special groove on the back side so that if something happens you can rescue the person by opening the door.

For decoration

In addition to the types discussed above, front fittings for decoration are often made using glass. Glass furniture fittings are also common for cabinet furniture (table fittings). The material is usually metal or plastic, from which shelf supports, hinges, legs, latches, ties, and bolts are made. To fix fittings for glass furniture, glue is used, which hardens under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. This decorative design is extremely aesthetic, and the connections are sometimes stronger than those of similar connections between wood and metal fittings secured with ties or screws.

The front fittings will allow you to create a vintage item with elements of semi-antique and antique furniture. Similar types of furniture finishing are used for the manufacture of exclusive design solutions. There is finishing as a decorative option wooden inserts in the form of pictures.

Do not forget that the service life of new furniture depends on the quality of the fittings. We advise you to take a photo of your apartment with you so that you have something to focus on when purchasing. Make sure that the kit contains information on how to assemble and install furniture fittings. By investing in quality products, you can get a high level of comfort. And of course, don’t forget about the design - the arms or legs should not be in contrast to the main interior. They should only complement the overall picture, being the highlight of the room. If we take the stages of production of any furniture, then the fittings occupy far from last place, and sometimes one incorrectly selected bolt can ruin the whole picture. A selection of photographs will help you better understand what certain elements look like, which will allow you to make the right choice.

Furniture fittings – auxiliary materials and accessories used in furniture production. Furniture fasteners are often considered accessories, although these are two different categories of elements for assembly. Fittings provide a supportive and decorative effect, while fasteners usually have only a functional use and hold furniture pieces in place.

What types of furniture fittings are there?

The list of accessories includes:

Loops.
Guides.
Shelf supports.
Pens.
Supports.
Hooks.
Locks.
Shock absorbers.
Bumpers.
Magnets.
Closers.
Railing pipes.

Loops

They are one of the most important accessories. They are used for movable fastening of doors and sashes. Their principle is similar to the operation of ordinary hinges for interior doors, but they are smaller in size. There is a huge range of accessories on sale, the price of which can vary tenfold. The most budget-friendly are hinges that provide hidden installation, which can only be seen after opening the doors or sashes. Most of the time they are invisible, so there is often no need to buy attractive, expensive accessories.

Conventionally, all furniture hinges can be divided into 3 categories for:

Chipboard and MDF.
Array.
Glass.

The hinge used to secure furniture made of chipboard and MDF provides for preliminary insertion into the material to ensure larger area contact for fastening. The fact is that chipboard and MDF have insufficient density, so screws screwed into them can break out under load. Installing such accessories requires a lot of time, but using other methods of fixing the door will be less reliable. The insertion under the loop is carried out like a feather.

For natural solid wood furniture, special hinges are used that have classic look and resemble accessories for interior doors. They are simply applied to the door and base of the furniture, and then secured with. Often such furniture fittings remain noticeable, so they make them more attractive.

Special hinges are used for glass furniture. Each half consists of two parts, which, like a vice, press the glass part, preventing it from slipping out. They usually require pre-drilling into the glass to install them, but this is not mandatory. More expensive fittings will allow you to fix the doors even without preparing the holes. Often such loops are combined. On the one hand, they provide for fixation to glass door, and from the second to chipboard, MDF or solid wood.

Guides

This furniture fittings are designed to ensure the fixation of furniture boxes and the direction of their movement when removing and pushing in. Almost all furniture equipped with drawers that is produced in factories has metal guides. Wooden slats along which the drawers move, an outdated method no longer used. Typically, guides provide sliding on rollers. Thanks to this, they move smoothly with minimal noise and effort.

Guides for each drawer are sold in pairs. One is designed to be mounted on the right, and the second on the left. Each such element consists of 2 parts. One is screwed to the side of the cabinet or cabinet, and the second is screwed to the bottom of the drawer. There are other designs of guides that use balls instead of rollers.

Shelf supports

Shelf holders are used to secure removable shelves in cabinets and cabinets. They act as a limiter that prevents the overhead shelf from falling under load. Cylindrical shelf holders made of metal are common. There are 4 of them used on each shelf. These are the most budget products. Their disadvantage is the small contact area with the surface of the shelf, so they are usually used only in structures that will be subject to minor loads. More stable are holders with a shelf, which usually represent something between a cylindrical accessory and a connecting corner.

Shelf holders with a clamp are used to secure glass shelves. They are usually visible, so they are made from a more attractive material. Metal coated with chrome or paint is often used.