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This article is an overview of the most popular types of stairs, and also contains practical advice how to make and calculate stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands. Scheme, calculations, dimensions, and drawings are attached. At the end of each chapter there is a video with a visual display of the construction process.

For ease of reading, the article is divided into several chapters:

• the first chapter contains general recommendations;
• the second chapter presents methods for creating a spiral staircase project that can be used at work;
• the third, fourth and fifth chapters have examples on creating conventional designs made of wood, concrete and metal;
• the latter offers 10 design designs and answers the question about the optimal width.

For convenience, the article has a navigation panel with which you can go to any item and start reading from the required chapter.

Sample Project metal stairs

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house correctly with your own hands - general recommendations

The staircase is used for comfortable movement between floors. As a rule, this design is used daily - two-story houses Most often they are built with bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor. From this we can derive the two most important rules when designing a structure - safety and convenience.

Above the shelves

Important: Stairs are a source of increased trauma for people of all ages. A fall can have an extremely negative impact on a person’s health, so you should make it as safe as possible. There are several ways to do this that allow you to completely minimize the risks.

First of all, it is necessary to make steps of optimal height and width. It’s easy to trip on steps that are too high, and it’s extremely difficult to walk on narrow ones, so you can easily slip. It is necessary to take this into account when designing, including the size in advance in the project.

In a big house

The most optimal height of steps can be considered 150-200mm. This is enough to take a confident step, without fear of stumbling or placing your foot incorrectly. The depth or width must be at least 200mm - this requirement is easy to obtain from middle length human legs.

In addition, every staircase needs railings. They allow you to move with greater comfort and safety - the risk of falling is significantly reduced.

Important: The material must be non-slippery. It is better not to make the stairs from tiles or varnished wood– they have a smooth surface, which is very inconvenient for movement. If wood is still used, processing is not superfluous sandpaper or upholstering steps with carpet.

Above the sofa

Convenience often depends on safety. If the steps are safe, then at the same time they will be comfortable. Of course, sometimes, for the sake of convenience, you can deviate somewhat from the standard sizes - if they are used only by a tall person, you can make the height of the steps more than 200mm.

Graph of the relationship between the inclination of the stairs and ease of use

How to make a screw structure yourself

The spiral staircase has its own special appearance, due to which it becomes possible to create a design that is completely unlike anything else. In addition, the screw design allows you to save a lot of space on both floors, making the room more ergonomic.

Screw

Calculation of a spiral staircase to the second floor

In the case of creating a spiral staircase to the second floor, the calculation must begin with the number of steps and the height of their location. Based on what was said in the last chapter, optimal height between steps is 200mm, and depth is 200-300mm. But we must take into account that the steps of spiral staircases look like expanding cones, and therefore their depth must be calculated in a special way.

With central pillar

It is better to use mathematical formulas for calculations. First, you need to find out the circumference of the structure. The most convenient way to do this is using the formula 2*3.14*r, where r is the span width. For example, with a span width of 1000 mm, the circumference will be 6280 mm. To get the width of the step from the outside, it is enough to divide this distance by the number of steps in one span. For example, with 10 steps the distance will be 628mm, which will allow you to create a smooth staircase without voids.

Calculation diagram for the screw model

The height of the structure is determined by the height of the room, just as when creating a regular staircase. The height between the steps should be optimal - for example, 150-250mm is usually enough. It is better to calculate the optimal height based on the height of the room. For example, the ceiling height in the room is 2700mm. The steps will be 20mm thick, the floor thickness will be 150mm.

Advice: Calculations must begin with the floor - the floor is the zero step. First, you need to sum up the height of the room and the ceiling, since this is the distance the staircase should go to. In this case it is equal to 2850mm. To get the number of steps, you need to divide it by the suitable height of one step with its height - for example, 220mm. The result, rounded up, is 13 steps. The last, 13th step, in this case, will serve as the floor of the second floor.

Graphic construction and dimensions

At this stage, it is best to create the project on paper. It is not necessary to make it as accurate as possible in the drawing plan, but even a simple sketch will help to better understand the project.

Dimensions of spiral staircases to the second floor

When calculating the size, it is necessary to start from the most comfortable width of the stairs of 800-1000mm. This is enough to walk even with a large load on your hands, without restricting your movements (unfortunately, large furniture will still have to be lifted through the windows).

Screw model project

A spiral staircase is a circle, so the diameter is equal to the addition of the width of the passages and, if the staircase is built with a central support, the size of the support. On average, the diameter of such a structure is 1600-2000mm, which is enough for its convenient use, regardless of its features. More details in the table below

Advice: Very often the size of the stairs depends on the height of the ceiling. For the little one country house there's no point in doing too much wide staircase– 700mm will be enough to get to the second floor. For attics, exactly the same rule applies.

Video project of a spiral staircase

This video shows how to make stairs to the second floor in a private house with your own hands (the diagram and dimensions of the project are attached). The main points of installation are shown, as well as all the features of working with this type of structure.

DIY wooden staircase to the second floor

An ordinary staircase can be built using similar calculations and methods. Wooden staircase For the second floor in a private house, it is much easier to make a screw one with your own hands, but it takes up relatively more space. Next, we will consider the main points of the calculation and video instructions.

Made of wood

Calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor

In this case, it is necessary to start from the same average values ​​- with a depth of 200-250mm and a height of 200-250mm. The distance must be divided in the same way - calculating from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.

Calculation example

The calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor must take into account the length - it is the addition of the depth of all steps. The more there are, the longer the length itself will be. For an ordinary staircase in a room, on average, 10-12 steps are enough, which in total will be equal to 2000-2500mm with a depth of 200mm and 2500-3000mm with a depth of 250mm.

Design of a staircase with a 90 degree turn

Advice: The average width of such a structure should be 800-1000mm. This size should provide complete freedom of action. Therefore, if railings are planned, then there should be extra bed on the steps.

The opening above the structure should begin from the place where less than 2000-2200 mm remains from the step to the ceiling - this is enough for anyone of any height. You should not make the opening too short - savings in this case can result in inconvenience and additional labor costs.

Designations

If you plan to create a turn, then it must be calculated under the same conditions - the only change is the width of the step - steps in the area of ​​the turn are calculated similarly to screw steps, but they can be made with an emphasis on the wall.

Video instruction

This video provides instructions for designing and installing a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn.

DIY concrete staircase to the second floor - video instructions

Concrete is an excellent material for stairs - it is very durable and allows you to work with any volume. Often for such a design it is enough just to assemble the frame and fill it.

Formwork for concrete structures

Important: It should be noted that creating a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands requires very large investments– a completely cast structure requires a huge amount of concrete. Most likely, you will have to order a full-fledged concrete mixer - the process will take an extremely long time using the usual manual method.

Cast design

To facilitate this process the span should be further strengthened with different blocks. A good idea is to create a frame of foam blocks, on which the formwork is subsequently laid. This allows you to get additional space under the structure and use it for household needs.

The video below shows the process of assembling the formwork and pouring it, depicting the main points of the work.

DIY metal staircase to the second floor - calculation and video instructions

The metal is extremely ductile and at the same time durable material. A do-it-yourself metal staircase to the second floor, unfortunately, is not the most comfortable - it is quite difficult to heat it, but the strength will be very high. In addition, a metal staircase takes up little space - this is important for houses with a small total area.

Iron construction

Features of the calculation in this case include the fact that the metal stage takes up very little space. Usually its size is 5-10mm, and despite the entire height of the structure, their total volume rarely exceeds 90-100mm.

The calculations are no different from ordinary stairs, but with the difference that it is necessary to take into account the resistance of materials. For design we recommend using metal pipes with a wall thickness of at least 8mm, and for steps - reinforcement no thinner than 7mm. At the same time, with wide steps, thicker options should be used that will not sag under the weight of a person.

Do-it-yourself single-flight iron staircase to the second floor

Advice: If the structure is created from square profiles, it is worth selecting them with a cross-section of at least 5 mm - square profiles are much more stable than round ones due to their hard edges. You can work with metal using both welding and fasteners.

The video below shows an example of creating a metal staircase structure, which is subsequently covered with plasterboard. It displays the main points of the work.

What should be the width of the stairs to the second floor in a private house - the correct dimensions?

This question is purely personal. Despite optimal width span 800-1000mm, given value can vary greatly depending on a person's personal preferences. It must be taken into account that the wider the opening, the more resources will be required.

Width examples different types stairs

It is worth setting a separate minimum limit of 500mm - a narrower design will be completely inconvenient to use, and moving some things or furniture along it will be quite problematic. The maximum limit depends solely on the room, but still, you should not make the width more than 2000-2500mm, especially in cases where the staircase is not the main one in the hall.

DIY stairs to the second floor in a private house - diagram and drawing of 10 projects

Scheme of stairs with straight flights
Angled 90 degrees
Drawing of a U-shaped staircase with a turning platform
Plan of wooden model
Detailed drawing
Calculation Simple staircase
With 180 degree rotation
Straight staircase project
Direct two-flight

Construction of a two-story private house, cottage or dacha - profitable solution allowing you to expand your living space. To save usable space, small-sized stairs are installed in such buildings. Such designs differ in the number of steps and the shape of the marches. Wherein compact staircase on the second floor must meet the requirements of practicality and safety.

Stylish and compact staircase configurations

Small stairs are installed to save useful space. When making them, they make sure that the steps are located as close to each other as possible, but it is convenient to move along them. It is necessary to carefully select a model in order to install the safest possible structure in your home.

Even such a compact staircase can look very organic

Of particular importance is the shape of the opening and its width. The choice of the type of design of small dimensions depends on these indicators. The dimensions of the steps are the main data that should be taken into account.

It is important to understand what types of structures are best suited for small spaces.

Single march Single-flight models are the simplest. However, when installing such stairs to the second floor, you can save space. Minimum required space

with a 3-meter floor height - 80x180 cm. Designers decide for this purpose on various. For example, these include models in which the treads are narrowed on each side.

Staircase structures with one flight can also be folding and retractable.

Rotary

Models with march turns are installed in a corner or against a wall. The platforms in them play the role of an element necessary for a turn. Turns are performed 90° or 180°. Double-flight stairs do not take up much space, but it is quite convenient to go up and down them. Winder steps in such cases are simply irreplaceable. The minimum required space for a 3-meter floor height is 160x180 cm.

Udachnoye corner solution for a small area

Thanks to the installation of such a structure, the narrow passage to the second floor becomes more elegant. Compared to straight marches, when moving you have to change the direction of movement. There are other differences:

1. Compactness. They do not take up much space, and the parameters remain optimal.
2. Convenience – it is convenient to move around them even with a large object in your hands.
3. Aesthetics. Corner products look interesting and neat.
4. Safety. According to this indicator, rotary products are safer than screw ones.

Screw

Small-sized screw models are popular today. These structures are installed both in multi-level apartments and in country houses. The ease of operation of such structures lies in compliance with the rules of ergonomics - movement up and down is carried out comfortably, and no dead zones are created under the steps. It is more profitable to place such a staircase to the second floor of a house in a small area. Minimum dimensions in plan with a floor height of 3 m - 130x130 cm.

The steps are attached to vertical rack in a spiral. One of the main advantages of screw products is the elegance of their forms. They are made of metal or wood - in any case, they are able to fit into modern interior.

However, screw products also have their disadvantages. For example, if a person is carrying a large object in his hands, it will be uncomfortable to descend. Wooden models give the house a cozy atmosphere.

Folding

If you have to go upstairs infrequently, it is better to install in country house folding type design. It is great for the attic. Its advantage is the ability to fold if necessary. Small retractable models are attached to a hatch in the ceiling. You can easily fold the structure back and then push it back. For attic maintenance folding design- perfect option.

This model can be installed in any area of ​​the house. Its choice depends only on the location of large-sized furniture. In addition, installing a folding model does not affect the interior.

There are several types of such products:

• telescopic;
• retractable;
• folding;
• sectional.

The width is usually close to that of conventional attached structures. As a rule, it is 60-65 cm. With a large slope, you can only go down it backwards.

When choosing a suitable type of design of small dimensions, look at overall design premises. The main thing is that it is durable, ergonomic and safe. like this small stairs for a summer residence they are installed where the attic is rarely used. It is effective to install such structures in houses with ceiling heights of up to 3 m.

Small solutions

If it is necessary to install a staircase that would not “conceal” the space and be as comfortable as possible, pay attention to small-sized structures. There are several types of such products that can meet the requirements of practicality and reliability.

Modular designs

When installing modular lifts on the second floor, you can experiment with the interior and choose various options assemblies. You can make them yourself, which is the main advantage. Modular designs are screw, spiral, L- and U-shaped. They can also be rounded. Modular system allows you to give the staircase any shape in plan, and adding required quantity elements allows you to gain arbitrary height.

Install them in openings different widths and length. It is important to install the modular staircase correctly - the safety of residents depends on it. At the same time, attention is paid to the residence of persons with disabilities in the house. disabilities– children and elderly people.

Choose a modular staircase with a small opening to the second floor in accordance with the following recommendations:

1. Before choosing, measure the area of ​​the room and find out the dimensions of the opening.
2. It is better if the structure is equipped with railings that will ensure safe movement.
3. For ease of ascent and descent, choose stairs without risers - this ensures comfort when placing your feet.
4. The design of the structure is created taking into account general style premises.

Thanks to small platforms and compact turns, it is easy to save living space. First, they pay attention to the safety of the product and only then to its appearance. Modular structures are installed in a house where you need to move between floors quickly. Often this design is chosen for installation in a bathhouse.

Goose step staircase

Among single-flight structures, it is worth highlighting the staircase " goose step" It does not take up space, but also does not restrict movement when ascending and descending. When changing the size of the march, it is important to maintain the optimal step width and slope range. If, even when choosing extreme values, it is not possible to create a rise to the second floor, it is not worth saving space for constructing a staircase.

The difference between the design is the alternate narrowing of the tread on each side. This allows you to create comfort when moving, while keeping the length of the march relatively short.

This design can become the highlight of the entire interior.

The goose step staircase is designed for comfortable movement in limited space. For such models optimal slope– 50° – 60°. Their width is reduced to 60-80 cm. Moreover, the ratio of the height of the riser and the width of the tread in such structures is quite unusual. If you transfer it to a regular one-flight staircase, moving along it would be unsafe.

Important convenience and safety issues

When installing a staircase to the second floor of a small house, it is important to combine the design with the background style of the interior. There are still some requirements to consider:

• compact dimensions;
• safety;
• comfort of movement.

The design should not be too steep - no more than 60°. The slope is calculated based on the possibility of its use by children and the elderly. It is better to equip the structure with railings. The coating is chosen so as not to slip on it when moving. If the staircase is made of polished stone, you can lay a carpet on it.

Often structures have to be made with a large slope - up to 75° degrees. In this case, the steps are set to a fairly large depth. You can increase the convenience and safety of the stairs by installing handles that you can hold on to when ascending and descending.

Safety regulations:

• starting from the first meter, the stairs are equipped with a fence 90 cm high;
• the gaps between the railing posts should not exceed 10 cm;
• the width of the tread should be sufficient for comfortable placement of the foot - 25-30 cm;
• for ease of grasping by hand, the handrails are created with an optimal diameter of 32-60 mm;
• all steps must be the same height.

Optimal sizes fences and handrails

When designing a staircase to the second floor, it is important to take care not only of its ergonomics, but also of functionality. Therefore, such structures are created according to individual drawings. You can perform the calculations yourself using free

If you liked any photo in a private house, questions will arise about implementing a similar project on your own. Even when placing an order with a specialized company, information about technological processes for careful control. Making structures yourself is more difficult. You will have to learn new skills and learn to apply them in practice. There is a lot in this article useful information on this topic. She will help you take right decisions, save money and time.

What kind of stairs are installed to the second floor in a private house: photos and design features

Regardless of who exactly will be the builder of such a structure, it is necessary to formulate correctly technical task. In accordance with the rules of natural wood, plywood should not consist of more than two flights. This rule should be followed to ensure good level fire safety.

Use the following guidelines to determine sizes:

• IN ideal The width is chosen taking into account the free passage of two people. A permissible minimum of 0.8 m is used when free space only enough to mount a compact screw structure.
• To count the number of steps, a standard step of approximately 25-33 cm is used. The height of the steps is set from 12 to 18 cm. The minimum value is chosen if elderly people and small children live in the house.
• You can also use a certain angle of inclination of the lift relative to the horizontal. The optimal value is 42-47°.
• When performing calculations, take the actual floor levels on the first and second floors after. You should also consider the presence of railings.

For your information! If you want to learn how to make a staircase with your own hands without mistakes, start with preparation design documentation.

Related article:

In the article we will consider in detail the design options, the algorithm for their calculation, detailed step by step instructions creating stairs with your own hands and practical recommendations specialists.

The usual option: stringers and bowstrings

This specific name refers to supporting elements special profile, on which the steps are installed.

Central location of the stringer

In this version, each step is fixed in two places. This allows you to use less massive supports and create lightweight durable structures

If necessary, create curved stringers

Professional names for staircase elements

Different variants connection points between string and steps

How to lighten the design

In this example, risers, stringers and other visible supports have been eliminated. The figure shows that thick steps had to be used to ensure high strength. They are attached to the wall using large dowels. It should not be forgotten that Basic structure buildings must be designed for appropriate loads.

The design on the bolts looks easy. These are special fasteners that fasten the steps

One of the advantages of such structures is the possibility of simple disassembly for repairs and replacement of steps that have become unusable.

Compact metal and wooden stairs in a house to the second floor: photos, technical details

If the structure is made in the form of a spiral, it will fulfill its functions, but will occupy a small area. Such solutions are used in small rooms where it is necessary to economically manage the available space.

What are the advantages of stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: the correct use of other materials

It is necessary to separately consider the positive characteristics, disadvantages, rules of application various materials.

Even without a detailed study of the design documentation, it is clear that such a design is not complicated. It’s not too difficult to create a similar wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands. Balusters, posts and handrails can be ordered from a carpentry shop. Simple shaped steps and slotted bowstrings are not too difficult to make without outside help. Assembly is also not accompanied by great difficulties.

Wood is easy to process. This material is coated with a transparent varnish to preserve for viewing the unique designs created by nature itself. Products made from this material are lightweight. They correspond well to modern trends, in which environmental cleanliness and naturalness are highly valued.

Important! It should be remembered that wooden parts are damaged by changes in temperature, humidity, mold and other harmful influences of biological origin. They must be protected with impregnations and special surface layers.

Such designs are suitable for installation on outdoors. However, in this case it is necessary to create a layer of paint and perform other anti-corrosion treatment to extend the service life.

Glass products do not rust. Cracks do not form in them, like wood, when humidity and temperature changes. They do not burn, retain their integrity and excellent appearance for long term use. They can be cleaned of contaminants with potent detergents.

Such reliable designs are designed for increased loads. But they themselves weigh a lot, so the calculations should take into account the appropriate tolerances for a particular building.

Review of designs taking into account style and purpose

The following photos of stairs to the second floor in a private house show examples of the use of various parts. With their help, certain aesthetic and specifications.

Elements of this lightweight design created in a factory way. You should not apply such solutions without professional experience and engineering skills. To secure such parts in the walls, large ones are used.

Exact calculation metal frame allows each step to withstand the weight of an adult without damage. You should not install a ladder without it in a house where small children and old people live.

It is more difficult to work with this material, so complex parts are ordered from specialized enterprises. No special skills are required for assembly using bolted connections. It's harder to do quality connection if you have to use a welding machine.

It is also better to entrust the creation of such a metal staircase to the second floor to professionals

It should be noted that in some of the options the ease of use is questionable. Designers show excessive imagination, forgetting about the direct functional purpose of the products. In other cases, the level of comfort is reduced by the cramped conditions of a narrow passage. Below are photos of several practical solutions.

If you are planning to build a two-story a private house or country house, then at a certain point in construction you will need to take care of constructing a staircase to the second floor. Not everyone can make a staircase with their own hands - for this you need to have certain carpentry skills, some experience, as well as a sufficient amount of free time. Isn't it better to take advantage of the advantageous and... offer from our professional company in Moscow? We offer stairs for every taste, color, style and economic capabilities of our clients. And you can find the current price list and 100 magnificent photos of structures in the presented article.

100 photos of the most beautiful staircases for every taste

Before we begin to get acquainted with the incredible variety of staircase systems from a domestic manufacturer in Moscow, let’s get acquainted with a little theory - and what kind of staircases exist in nature.

Types of stair systems depending on design

So, staircase structures on the second floor are divided into the following types:

Screw

Spectacular and compact products, complex in manufacturing method, but with a magnificent appearance. Their main advantage is their small size, allowing the structure to be placed even in a very small area of ​​the room.

Photo 1.

Marching

This type of staircase structures is the most common and in demand. This is explained by the simplicity of the circuit, reliability, conciseness and relatively low cost.

Photo 2.

Combined

This type of staircase is a wonderful solution for those who want to combine the advantages of the two types listed above - compactness from a screw design and practicality from a marching system.

Photo 3.

Types of staircase structures depending on the material

Today, modern manufacturers offer consumers an incredible number of various staircase systems made from materials such as:

• Wood of various species;

Photo 4. The cost of wooden stairs is also very different, it all depends on the value of the wood. For example, an oak product with railings self made will cost significantly more than stairs made of beech or spruce

• Marble and other natural mineral;

Photo 5.

• Ultra-light metal alloys;

Photo 6.

• Forged construction;

Photo 7. Forged stairs are grandiose and magnificent. The high cost of such work more than pays off with incredibly impressive results. appearance products

• Concrete system;

Photo 8.

• Combined designs that include several materials in one product - wood, metal, stone.

Photo 9. Staircase structures that combine several types of manufacturing materials are a real work of art that can transform your home beyond recognition

Our specialized enterprise in Moscow offers its customers modern, safe and beautiful staircase designs for every taste. In the company's assortment you will find a huge number of already finished products, and you can also order a staircase according to an exclusive original project.

Photo 10. Spectacular and quality products from the company "Stairs Profi" will fit perfectly into both modern and classic interior

Huge selection of inexpensive stairs in Moscow

The huge and varied catalog of our company includes ready-made stairs attractive and favorable prices, classified in the following areas:

• modular designs;

Photo 11. The modular system fits perfectly into any modern interior

• wooden crafts;

Photo 12. Wooden stairs - stylish, reliable and environmentally friendly

• stairs for cottages;

Photo 13. Stairs for cottages will certainly decorate the interior of your home

• second floor structures;

Photo 14.

• custom products;

Photo 15. Order a staircase from us and you will transform your home beyond recognition

• spiral staircases;

Photo 16.

• products with forged elements

Photo 17. Staircases decorated with forging are always in trend

• metal structures and other types.

Photo 18. Metal stairs are suitable for stylish country house

Staircase designs for every taste

Photo 19.
Photo 20.
Photo 21.
Photo 22.
Photo 23. Photo 24.
Photo 25.
Photo 26.
Photo 27. There are all sorts of staircases that do not exist in nature - order an exclusive design for yourself
Photo 28. The staircase will create comfort and emphasize the style of your home
Photo 29. Wood is the most versatile material for stairs
Photo 30.
Photo 31.
Photo 32. Straight staircase in the style of "minimalism"
Photo 33.
Photo 34. Designer design of the second floor
Photo 35. Cozy wooden staircase for a country house
Photo 36.
Photo 37.
Photo 38.
Photo 39.
Photo 40. One of the incredible design solutions
Photo 41. Classic is always in fashion Photo 42. Photo 43. Photo 44. Forged products - grandiose and magnificent
Photo 45. Photo 46. Photo 47. Photo 48. Photo 49.
Photo 50. The price of a stair product depends on many factors - the complexity of the design, the cost of the material, the exclusivity of the design
Photo 51. A staircase with wide steps and a slight bend is absolutely safe to use
Photo 52. Thanks to forged elements, the design looks light and airy
Photo 53.

Price list for stairs from a company in Moscow

Let's take a closer look at the prices for each of the types of stairs presented by our company, indicating their current prices.

Modular stairs

Photo 54. Modular staircase "Duet" with steps made of natural oak
Photo 55. The "Duet" design with beech steps is an economical and effective product for your interior

Modular stairs"Elegant" series - an excellent solution for a stylish interior at affordable prices presented below:

Photo 56.56 335 rub.
Photo 57.50 390 rub.
Photo 58.51 321 rub.
Photo 59.44 290 rub.
Photo 60."Prestige" with a 180 degree turn - price 47 160 rub.
Photo 61. Direct "Prestige" - 42 748 rub.
Photo 62."Solo" of direct design - a stylish and effective product at an affordable price 70 858 rub.
Photo 63.78 498 rub.
Photo 64. 180 degree rotating design "Modern" - exclusive and fashion design for a reasonable price 125 262 rub.
Photo 65. Staircase with a 90 degree turn, "Modern" series, cost 120 030 rub.
Photo 66. The product "SuperElegant" with a 180 degree rotation has a price 108 277 rub.
Photo 67.113 118 rub.
Photo 68.

Wooden stairs

This type of staircase products will appeal to those who appreciate natural wood, simplicity and reliability of design. The material used for the manufacture of these stairs is environmentally friendly, beautiful and reliable.

Building a staircase in a house is not an easy process, but it is doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only the ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. Durable and beautiful staircase going to the second floor with your own hands is an opportunity to test your strength and gain experience for further home improvement.

First you need to decide on the type of staircase in order to make the calculations correctly. The most commonly used stairs in the house are wood, concrete and metal; According to the configuration, they are straight, rotary and screw. There are also combined designs of varying complexity.

Concrete products require very solid foundation and a lot of time to manufacture, but at the same time they are the strongest and most durable. Installation metal structures It will not be difficult for those who know how to use welding, and a wooden staircase can be made by anyone who is familiar with the technology of this process in detail.

Straight marching staircase the second floor is considered the easiest to install; it consists of a small number of parts, takes up little space, and does not require complex calculations. Screw structures are used where there is little free space; They look very elegant, but are not always easy to use. Lifting something large and heavy up such steps will be problematic. Structures with several spans are more difficult to build, but they are ideal for houses where there is a large distance between floors.

Simple wooden staircase

A single-flight staircase consists of stringers, railings, treads and risers. The tread is the horizontal part of the step, the riser is the vertical part. Stringers are load-bearing elements structures that have special cutouts along the upper edge for attaching steps. Instead of stringers, bowstrings are often used - load-bearing beams with grooves for steps. Risers and railings are not mandatory elements, but for convenience and safety it is better when they are present.

The height of the stairs is equal to the distance between floors plus the thickness of the floors. To simplify the calculation of the length of the span and base, you first need to determine the parameters of the steps. If elderly people and children live in the house, the optimal height of the step is 15 cm; for others, a height of 20 cm will be more convenient. Making the riser even higher is not recommended, since the rise will be too steep and less comfortable.

The width of the step is 20-30 cm, and here a lot depends on how much space can be allocated under the stairs. The wider the steps, the more space the structure takes up. When suitable sizes selected, you can calculate the number of steps and the length of the base. To do this, divide the height of the stairs by the height of the riser, round the resulting value to a whole number, and then multiply by the depth of the tread. For example, if the total height is 3 m and the riser height is 20 cm, 15 steps will be required:

3000:200=15

With a step width of 25 cm, the length of the base is 15x250=3750 mm.

Manufacturing technology

When the calculations have been made, you can begin to manufacture the staircase elements. Stringers require very dense solid wood, because they must support not only the weight of the structure, but also people. A template is cut out of thick cardboard, on which the cutouts correspond to the size of the steps, and the slope equal to angle the inclination of the stairs. At the ends of the stringers, grooves are cut for attachment to the base and upper ceilings, after which markings are made according to the template.

For further work you will need:

• jigsaw;
• sander;
• building level;
• anchor bolts;
• drill;
• hammer.

Using a jigsaw, protrusions are made on the stringers according to the markings, then they are processed on both sides with a grinder. Holes for fasteners are cut out in the floor beams or metal supports are installed. A support beam is installed on the floor of the first floor along the line of the lower step and secured anchor bolts. After this, the stringers are installed, making sure to check the angle of inclination using a level. The stringers are secured at the bottom and top with anchor bolts.

The next step is making the steps. To do this, take dry boards with a thickness of 36 mm or more; their width should be equal to the width of the steps or be slightly larger. For risers, you can use boards with a thickness of 20 mm or more. The length of the blanks must correspond to the width of the stairs - from 80 cm to 1.2 m.

After trimming, each workpiece must be sanded to remove sharp cuts and irregularities. The process of installing the steps is very simple: the lower cutouts of the stringers are coated with wood glue and risers are applied, aligning them along the edges. They are secured with self-tapping screws and laid on top of the steps. Glue is needed so that the wooden elements do not creak under load.

Having laid all the steps one by one, they begin to install the railings. Railings consist of balusters and handrails; For the manufacture of balusters, square beams or shaped pieces of wood are used. Balusters are installed either on each step or every other step, depending on the slope and length of the span. Self-tapping screws are used as fasteners, which are often closed with special plugs for beauty. If the staircase to the second floor is located in the center of the room, railings can be installed on both sides.

The finished structure is sanded again and treated with an antiseptic primer. After this, you need to cover the wood with varnish, paint or other composition that does not form an overly smooth surface. If the steps are rough, this will increase their safety for household members. The coating is applied in 2 or 3 layers, with each layer being completely dry before applying the next.

In a spacious house with concrete floors the second floor can be made of concrete stairs. Most often, two types of structures are installed in houses - monolithic and combined, in which only the stringer is concrete. The second option looks more attractive and elegant. To make a concrete staircase, you definitely need formwork and a very strong base.

During the work you will need:

• edged board covered with film or waterproof plywood;
• durable timber 100x100 mm;
• knitting wire and fittings;
• self-tapping screws;
• concrete solution.

Boards for formwork are chosen with a thickness of 3 cm, the thickness of plywood should not be less than 18 mm. All dimensions are calculated in the same way as for a wooden staircase, but the base must be as strong as possible. They start by assembling the formwork: boards or plywood are knocked down according to the drawing, observing the angle of inclination and preventing the formation of cracks.

The finished formwork is installed between floors and secured with wooden blocks. After this, reinforcement is laid out inside the frame, tying the transverse rods with wire. Wooden plugs are fixed at the places where the railings are installed, and then the formwork is filled with the prepared solution. The frame must be filled immediately, otherwise the solidity of the base will be broken.

When the concrete has set well, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the steps is periodically moistened to avoid cracking. You can begin finishing only after the concrete has completely dried and hardened. To make a combined staircase, pouring the stringer is done in exactly the same way, but the formwork is made much narrower and takes into account the installation of steps.

To finish a monolithic structure, wood, stone, tiles and other materials are used. When facing, the weight of the material should be taken into account, because tiles and stone place a greater load on the base than wooden panels. Any steps can be attached to a concrete stringer; such a base combines especially well with wood.

To manufacture and install a straight metal staircase to the second floor you will need:

• steel channel No. 10;
• metal corners;
• welding machine;
• sheet iron;
• file and grinder with a grinding attachment.

The channel is cut into pieces and a frame is assembled from them according to the size of the stairs. Corners are welded to the side edges of the frame at regular intervals equal to the height of the step. All corners should be parallel to each other. To make it easier to install the structure, the steps are welded after installation and fastening of the frame.

The upper ends of the frame are securely fixed with anchor bolts to the ceiling of the second floor, the lower ends are fixed to the floor. Next, the steps are welded from sheet iron and the railings are attached. Upon completion of assembly, the joints are ground with a nozzle or treated with a file, and then covered with an anti-corrosion primer.

This design takes up little space and looks more decorative. With a height of 2.5 m, you will need to make approximately 15-17 steps; the diameter of the base will be about 2 m. The most common way of installing spiral staircases is to string trapezoidal or triangular steps onto the central axis. The narrow part is 15 cm wide, the wide part is 30-35 cm.

To do it yourself spiral staircase, required:

• steel pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
• pipe with a diameter of 55 mm;
• wooden slats for the template;
• corners for steps;
• welding machine;
• file;
• primer.

The smaller diameter pipe is the central post, so its length should correspond to the distance between the first and second floors. For greater stability of the structure, it is recommended to concrete the stand at the base, first aligning it vertically. A larger diameter pipe is cut into cylinders about 25 cm long. The cuts must be made strictly perpendicular, otherwise the steps will not be aligned horizontally.

It is very important that the cylinders fit tightly onto the central pipe and do not form any backlash. If a tight connection does not occur, sealing rings will be required.

To make steps, it is convenient to use a template made from slats. Wood slats glued together so that the corners inserted into the frame form a step of the given parameters.

Each stage is welded to its own cylinder and carefully ground. After all the elements have been manufactured, you can begin assembling the structure. The steps are placed on the axle pipe, the angle is set and tightly welded to the axle.

The final stage is attaching the railings and finishing. Railings can consist of fittings, chrome-plated tubes, thin profiles; Forged railings look very elegant. All metal surfaces must be sanded, primed and painted.

In a similar way, a spiral staircase to the second floor is assembled from wooden steps. Wood blanks are made in the form of a trapezoid, in the narrow part of which a hole with a diameter of 50 mm is drilled. With the help of special seals, the steps strung on the axle are fixed on the central post. Next, the railings are installed, the wood is primed and painted, and decorated with decor.

Video - How to make a staircase to the second floor

Video - Do-it-yourself wooden staircase