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Externally similar to a slab foundation, the ground floor structure is less massive and cheaper to manufacture. Instead of two reinforcing mesh One wire is used; stiffeners are needed only under heavy partitions. Ground flooring is not load-bearing structure, is created exclusively for the installation of floor coverings.

Layer-by-layer scheme of the floor on the ground.

IN classic scheme concrete floor, a regular and complete pie of several layers with insulation is laid on the ground:

• sand;
• geotextiles;
• layer of crushed stone 0.4 m;
• footing;
• waterproofing;
• insulation;
• a concrete screed with a wire mesh in its lower third, separated from the base, grillage or foundation by a damper tape around the perimeter.

Depending on the layout of the building, soil conditions and compliance with technology, the composition of the floor on the ground may vary. For example, sand and geotextiles are not needed on coarse sandy soil.

The footing can be replaced with a leveling layer of sand on top of crushed stone. To reduce the construction budget, the foundation is often not poured under the partitions, so stiffening ribs reinforced with reinforcement frames appear in the floors along the ground. In any case, before starting the production of a floating screed, it is necessary to prepare the existing foundation and plan it at a single horizontal level.

Preparing the base

Despite the fact that concrete is the strongest structural material, soil heaving and foundation subsidence are dangerous for screeds. Therefore, the arable layer in the building spot should be completely removed: black soil or gray soil is saturated with organic matter, which will rot, after which the entire pie will sag, unevenly in individual areas, cracks will open in the screed, or the concrete floor will collapse along the ground.

For communications, it is necessary to dig trenches with a slope, bring them outside the foundation and near the walls inside the house.

Wiring engineering systems.

Important! The correct ground floor is made in the form of a floating screed, separated from the elements of foundations and plinths by a damper layer. It is forbidden to rest the slab on protruding parts of these structures.

Separating layer

To avoid mutual mixing of the layers of the floor pie on the ground with the soil of the base, the pit is lined with non-woven material (geotextile or dornite). The edges of the separating layer web are launched onto the side surface and pressed against the brick, wall blocks. Additional function geotextile is to prevent weed roots from growing through a concrete floor on the ground during operation.

Advice! Geotextiles with a density of 100 g/m2 or more can be laid under a floating screed, since the structure is considered not responsible, unlike slab foundations, which require needle-punched material with a density of 200 g/m2 or more.

Substrate

The concrete floor layer on the ground must rest on a hard layer to avoid soil subsidence. Therefore, depending on the ground conditions, non-metallic materials are used:

Natural soil (coarse sand or gravelly soil) is less often used. If the developer still has expanded clay after dismantling the building or this material is cheaper in the region than crushed stone, this material is also suitable as an underlying layer.

Advice! Required condition is high-quality compaction of every 15 cm of the underlying layer with a vibrating plate or manual tamper. It is not recommended to spill sand with water; the material should be moistened with a watering can before backfilling and compaction.

Footing

The classic floor pie on concrete soil includes a concrete screed made from a thin B7.5 mixture. It is necessary to solve several problems:

However, to reduce the construction budget, the concrete base is replaced with other technologies:

Important! The footing is not reinforced, but in mandatory separated from the elements of the foundation or plinth along the perimeter by a damping layer (pieces of polystyrene foam on an edge or a special tape).

Waterproofing and insulation

The next step is to insulate the cake from moisture, prevent heat loss in the floors and retain geothermal heat under the building. For this, waterproofing and insulation are used. Their mutual arrangement inside the pie design is the following:

The main mistake developers make is laying a vapor barrier over expanded polystyrene:

• the air temperature in the room is always higher than in the ground under the screed (true for heated rooms);
• therefore, when laying flooring that does not have vapor barrier properties (floorboards, parquet, cork covering), the direction of steam will always be from top to bottom;
• the vapor barrier membrane will accumulate moisture on the surface, inside the cake, at the insulation/concrete interface;
• the screed will collapse and the wire mesh inside will corrode.

Apart from an unreasonable increase in the construction budget, this scheme does not provide any advantages. The accumulation of harmful gas - radon under the floors on the ground is impossible, since there is no underground in this design.

The following materials can be used as waterproofing:

• built-up rolls - Technonikol, Gidrostekloizol, Bikrost or roofing felt;
• film - made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene;
• membranes – have high density and strength, can be laid without making a concrete base.

• Admix mixture - an additive is added to concrete during mixing, construction material becomes waterproof;
• Penetron - the floor on the ground is processed AFTER concreting, the effect is similar to the previous one.

For these waterproofing materials no need for a footing either.

Of all the existing insulation materials, the best option for floors on the ground is high-density extruded polystyrene foam of the XPS or EPS grades (for example, Penoplex). The thickness of the layer depends on the climate of the operating region, ranging from 5 to 20 cm. The sheets are laid with mixed joints in adjacent rows, large gaps filled with polyurethane foam with similar properties.

Damper layer

Floors on the ground are prohibited from being rigidly connected to the elements of the plinth or foundation, so along the perimeter it is necessary to install polystyrene foam strips on the edge, pressing them against the vertical enclosing structures. However, more often a special damping tape made of latex, rubber or foamed polymers with an adhesive layer is glued to the walls.

Important! The height of the cutting layer should be slightly higher than the thickness of the floating screed. After the concrete has hardened, the material is cut off with a knife, the junction points are decorated with plinths after laying the floor covering.

Floating screed

The main nuances of concreting a floor on the ground are:

• It is recommended to fill in one step;
• areas larger than 50 m2 (relevant for studio rooms, sheds and garages) should be separated by a special corner to create expansion joints;
• internal load-bearing walls and heavy partitions must be erected on a separate foundation;
• partitions made of gypsum plasterboard/gypsum plasterboard must be partially erected so that when the screed dries, moisture is not absorbed into the plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheet, destroying these materials;
• It is preferable to pour along plaster beacons or profiles for gypsum plasterboard systems installed in a single horizontal level on quick-drying putty solutions;
• screed thickness 5 – 20 cm, depending on operational loads and the planned floor covering, as well as the need to install underfloor heating pipes.

Partial construction of plasterboard partitions is carried out using the following technology:

• installation of racks and horizontal jumpers;
• covering them at the joints of the floor on the ground with strips of plasterboard 10–20 cm high along the entire length.

For flooring on the ground, you can use ready-mixed concrete B12.5 and higher; the filler is gravel, dolomite or granite crushed stone. The screed is reinforced at the lower level with wire mesh.

Important! If the technology is broken, heavy partitions are planned to be supported on a screed; in the places where they pass, stiffening ribs are needed, which are created by analogy with the USHP slab (insulated Swedish floating foundation slab).

Floor reinforcement on the ground

The industry produces welded wire mesh BP in accordance with GOST 8478 from 5 mm wire with a square cell of 10 - 20 cm. Do-it-yourself knitting on site is more expensive due to high flow knitting wire and increased labor intensity. The grids are laid using the following technology:

Unlike reinforcing mesh, wire cards have much less rigidity; walking on them when laying the mixture is strictly prohibited. Therefore, the following methods are used:

• ladders - halves of bricks are placed in the mesh cells, on which boards rest, which are moved along with spacers as the structure is ready;
• “paths” - concrete is piled from the entrance of the room to the far corner, after which you can walk along these paths without shifting the grid.

IN small rooms Grid maps are usually used suitable size. If the room has a complex configuration, additional pieces need to be cut. In this case and when reinforcing large areas, the overlap of cards/rolls is at least one cell.

Stiffening ribs under the partitions

To create stiffening ribs under the partitions, intermittent laying of extruded polystyrene foam or its top layer is used. Reinforcing frames made of square clamps (smooth reinforcement 4–6 mm) and longitudinal rods (“corrugated” 8–12 mm) are placed into the resulting voids.

Heated floor contours

To reduce energy consumption in the heating boiler and increase living comfort, heated floors are used. Their contours can be embedded in the screed by laying the pipes directly on the reinforcing mesh.

To connect to the collectors, the underfloor heating pipes are routed outside near the wall. In this place they must be covered with damper tape. Similar technology expansion joint is necessary for all communications passing through the screed (heating risers, hot water supply/hot water supply).

Thus, the composition of the floor on the ground can be modified depending on the construction budget and specific operational and soil conditions.

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There are several technologies for flooring on the ground, depending on operating conditions and owner preferences. The flooring can be laid on a wooden base or on a concrete screed or slab. In the latter case, the slab is either attached to a strip foundation, or a floating screed (self-leveling, dry) is used.

To save construction budget, the basement of the building is most often covered with floor slabs, which automatically become the base of the floor. The monolithic structure is located above the antifreeze in the most very coldy soil saturated with groundwater and radon radiation. Without quality natural ventilation the concrete slab begins to collapse, the health of the residents deteriorates with increased radio frequency.

Therefore in strip foundation or in the base, ventilation openings are created that cannot be closed even in winter. In cottage projects with low base There is not enough space for natural ventilation; the holes are filled with snow in winter. In this case, the only way to construct a floor is the ground technology.

Communications are traditionally routed through the lower level, so to ensure maximum maintainability, it is wiser to install duplicate sleeves and conduct additional systems water supply, gas pipeline, sewerage. If the main pipelines become clogged during operation of the house, in this case there will be no need to open the slab/screed; it is enough to move the risers to the backup life support systems.

What a developer needs to know about ground floor construction

This technology has a high operational life only if the requirements of the SP standards of 2011 numbered (formerly SNiP 2.03.13-88) are met. To understand the design of the floor “pie” on the ground of the first floor of the building, it is necessary to consider the Factors acting on the poured slab:

1. Heaving forces, which usually frighten individual developers, do not occur under most buildings. Cottages based on slabs, strip foundations, grillages resting on the ground or buried in it emit some heat to the lower level. With normal insulation of foundations (pasing the outer walls of the base with extruded polystyrene foam), the geothermal heat of the subsoil is always retained under the base of the house.
2. Any project must have drainage and/or storm drainage, which diverts flood, soil, and water from the power structures of the cottage. melt water. Therefore, high humidity in the ground under a house is most often an aggressive advertisement calling on the developer to increase the construction budget to combat a non-existent danger. In fairness, it is worth noting that in the absence of stormwater and/or drainage system the soil under the building will indeed be constantly wet.
3. Even in the absence of heaving forces, the ground under the house will sag in 90% of cases during operation. The base slab tied to the strip foundation will end up hanging on it, which is not particularly scary with normal reinforcement. In this case, the floating screed will sink lower along with the floor, which will require dismantling and re-fabrication of the slab. Therefore, backfilling is used not with soil extracted at the excavation stage, but with non-metallic materials with mandatory layer-by-layer compaction with a vibrating plate or manual compaction of every 20 cm of sand and crushed stone.
4. The geotextile layer recommended by many companies under the backfill cushion in this case is not only unnecessary, but also harmful. The soil will not be compacted, and the effectiveness of the screed/slab will be reduced to zero. Non-woven fabric used only in the manufacture of cushions before laying external engineering systems (sewage, water supply), paving parking lots with paving stones, paths paving slabs. In this case, the filtering and drainage properties of geotextiles are relevant.

Thus, when choosing a floor-on-ground technology, especially on a strip foundation, it is necessary to correctly position each layer of the “pie”. This will ensure maximum service life, ease of use, and high maintainability of the design.

What layers are needed and their relative positions

At limited budget construction for a self-leveling screed/floor slab on the ground, the minimum required layers are (from top to bottom):

• reinforced reinforced concrete screed - most floor coverings can be laid on it (linoleum, laminate, carpet, porcelain tiles, floorboard, cork, tile) or base for parquet (multilayer plywood);
• insulation – reduces heat loss and operating budget (fewer heating registers can be used);
• waterproofing - does not allow moisture to penetrate into the heat insulator from the ground;
• subbase ( concrete preparation) – films are often used as waterproofing, roll materials, membranes that are easily damaged during reinforcement, pouring the top screed, or builders’ shoes when laying heat insulation, so a slab (4-7 cm) of low-strength concrete is poured;
• cushion - when vibrating non-metallic material, stability of the geometry of the lower layer is achieved, on which the floating screed will rest.

A polyethylene film between the screed and the insulation is optional.

According to SP standards, 60 cm of pillow (3 layers of 20 cm each) is sufficient for residential buildings. Therefore, if the pit is of significant depth, which is being made for a strip foundation, it is more expedient to fill it with the same soil to the design mark, also with layer-by-layer compaction.

Building on slab foundation has a ground floor design by default. Therefore, before pouring the slab, it is enough to carry out the following steps:

• ensure duplication of engineering systems - additional sleeves with a piece of sewer + water pipe;
• make a cushion - excavate 80 cm of soil with 60 cm of backfill;
• perform waterproofing - film or roofing felt;
• lay a heat insulator - usually 5-10 cm of polystyrene foam, which retains its properties even when wet or immersed in water.

It is possible to plan the construction budget for a cottage only at the design stage. Therefore, the ground floor must be included in the documentation for initial stage.

Technologies for constructing floors on the ground

If, due to the above reasons, the project does not have a floor slab necessary to fix the floor cladding of the first floor, several options for arranging the substructure are possible. At the same time, pouring screeds from low-strength concrete is recommended in all cases, without exception. The main slab will subsequently rest on it or adjustable joists necessary when choosing parquet or floorboards.

Self-leveling screed

Scheme of a concrete floating floor on the ground

The maximum service life of the structure is ensured by a self-leveling floating screed on the strip foundation of the building. The technology looks like this:

• filling the pit with sand - periodic backfilling with compaction every 10 - 20 cm;
• rough screed– reinforcement is not necessary; film waterproofing can be laid under concrete grade M100 (5-7 cm layer, filler fraction 5/10 mm);
• hydro-vapor barrier - membrane, film or roofing felt in two layers, running onto a monolithic strip foundation at 15 - 20 cm;
• insulation – preferably extruded polystyrene foam, which retains its characteristics even in water;
• finishing screed - reinforced with mesh (mesh 5 x 5 cm, wire 4 mm), filled with concrete M 150 (crushed stone fraction 5/10 mm, river sand or washed quarry sand, without clay).

Also, in the construction of a self-leveling floor, you can easily install a warm floor; to do this, you need to lay polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes for coolant. Each contour of a warm floor must be continuous, i.e. Pipe connections in concrete screed are not permitted.

Scheme of a concrete floating heated floor on the ground

When the groundwater level is below 2 m, according to the site’s operating experience of at least 3 years, the absence of lower waterproofing and a reduction in thickness in the construction of the floor on the ground are allowed sand cushion up to 15 – 20 cm. In this case, the maximum level of groundwater level should be taken into account, according to statistical data for the region. Any facing materials can be laid on the screed.

Wooden logs

A budget option for ground floor technology is the design of an adjustable floor:

• a concrete screed is poured onto a cushion made of non-metallic material (layer-by-layer compaction of 20 cm), covered with waterproofing;
• logs are set to adjustable supports, top part which are cut off after installation;
• A heat insulator is placed inside ( basalt wool or extruded polystyrene foam);
• the floorboard or laminate is laid directly on the joists; for parquet cladding, a layer of plywood is required.

Supports cannot be mounted on soil or non-metallic material. However, a concrete screed without reinforcement is cheaper than any other technology.

Dry screed

Floors on the ground can be made using dry screed technology. At the initial stage, the design is similar to the previous case (cushion + rough screed + waterproofing). After which, the sequence of actions changes. Manufacturer Knauf offers ready-made solution dry screeds of the following type:

• positioning of beacons - special strips or profiles from gypsum plasterboard systems, fixed with putty solution;
• filling with expanded clay crumbs - the gaps between the beacons are filled with this material over a layer of waterproofing;
• laying GVL - special two-layer slabs attached to each other with glue and self-tapping screws.

Scheme of a dry floor on the ground using Knauf technology

ZIPS company offers original solution dry screed on a strip foundation of another type. Here the expanded clay chips are replaced with mineral wool glued to the gypsum fiber board (also two-layer). After installing the gypsum fiber panels, 12 mm plywood is laid on top of them, on which it is also convenient to mount any flooring.

These technologies are successfully used both for the first floor and for any subsequent floor in a multi-story building. In both cases, in addition to thermal insulation, sound insulation of the premises is provided.

Features of self-leveling screed technology

When building a floor on the ground, it is necessary to take into account several nuances:

• inside the contour of the foundation strip, the roots are removed, the fertile layer is removed, which is not suitable for compaction;
• polyethylene film radon passes through, so it is better to use polycarbonate, vinyl acetate, PVC modifications, laid in two layers;
• It is imperative that the waterproofing does not allow steam to pass through, i.e. was a water vapor barrier (or simply a vapor barrier), because moisture in the soil is also in a vapor state;
• It is recommended to run the film onto the strip base around the perimeter 15 cm above the designed screed (subsequently trimmed with a knife);
• the insulation is applied to the height of the slab being poured; above this level, a damper tape is used to provide sound insulation from structural noise.

The floating screed of each floor in the house is created for several purposes. Cutting off the slab from the walls allows you to compensate for internal stresses inside it and prevent cracking from possible shrinkage wall materials, isolate the noise transmitted to the power frame of the cottage by generators, compressors, boilers, and other power equipment.

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You may need to install a water heated floor on the ground in your home. Subject to compliance with existing SNiP, you can carry out the work yourself, from backfilling to finishing screed, followed by finishing with the floor covering.

Is it possible to make a water floor on the ground?

The installation of a water-heated floor on the ground can be carried out provided that the heating system installation method is used using concrete screed. Laying allows you to simultaneously achieve several goals: to make a subfloor and prepare the base for the finishing coating.

The design of a water heated floor on the ground involves carrying out work that is usually used for cooking concrete slab in industrial and residential buildings. The result of the work largely depends on the achievement of several tasks:

• Providing reliable thermal insulation that prevents floor freezing.
• Protecting the premises from dampness.
• Preventing cracking of the slab after several years of operation.

Competent DIY installation a water floor on the ground helps to accomplish all three tasks. Installation directly on the ground is allowed in accordance with SNiP.

What kind of “pie” should be under a heated floor?

The layout of the floor on the ground is somewhat different from the usual pie used for installing a heating system on a ready-made base. The following stages of work are performed:

To make a water floor on the ground with your own hands, it will take time from 20 days to 1.5 months. You can speed up the installation process by ordering ready-made cement mixtures.

The main mistakes when installing a water floor on the ground

When performing work on bulk soil, it is easy to make mistakes that lead to the destruction of the slab in the future. Must be strictly followed step-by-step production cake of water floor heating, starting from the ground.

It would be optimal to first perform a thermal engineering calculation that allows you to accurately determine the thickness of the powder, thermal insulation and the power of the heating system.

Common mistakes during installation are:

• Violations of the technology for installing a warm water floor on the ground. The absence of compensation gaps in the slab, poorly performed work on compacting the powder, improperly installed waterproofing, subsequently cause the screed to freeze, condensation accumulates and dampness in the room.
• Be sure to sprinkle sand on the soil base before crushed stone. In this case, you can use any type of raw material, but it will be optimal river sand large faction. The minimum density of soil after compaction depends on weather and atmospheric conditions terrain and is calculated using special tables.

Self-installation of a water heating circuit on the ground is used in private homes, garages, car service centers and other buildings. Step-by-step adherence to the installation rules will allow you to complete all the work yourself.

When building a house, the question of installing a floor in the basement arises. This type of do-it-yourself work has its own characteristics, so before you make concrete floors on the ground yourself in a private house, you need to study some of the features of the event and the technology for performing the work.

Application area

The installation of floors in the basement is limited by several factors, such as:

• foundation (its type);
• level groundwater;
• purpose of the room.

Most often, basements have buildings built on supports such as tape and slab, but when used monolithic slab, it serves as a ceiling and the installation of a floor on the ground is not required. The pie is made as for an interfloor floor, with the only difference being that they pay attention to the purpose of the room and, based on this, take measures to insulate the structure. Floors on the ground are made with a strip foundation of concrete.

Floor installation in the basement

The groundwater level is essential. If it is high enough, there is a possibility of flooding of the room (especially in spring period), therefore it is better to abandon the arrangement of exploitable areas in the basement.

The design of the floor depends on the purpose of the basement floor.

If it is unheated, it is enough to leave a rough version - compacted sand. If the purpose changes, you can always make a full-fledged floor pie. If you plan to install a strip foundation in a private house ground floor or a heated basement will require another design that can prevent heat leakage into the ground. To do this, they arrange a full-fledged concrete floor pie with insulation.

From this we can conclude that the need to use technology arises when the following conditions are simultaneously met:

• strip foundation;
• low groundwater level;
• heated and operated volume of the basement, basement or first floor in the absence of the first two.

The installation of floors on the ground for the first floor is required in the absence of a basement and, accordingly, a basement floor, which in a normal situation serves as a floor. The question is also relevant for outbuildings and garages.

Technology and instructions

The technology for manufacturing a concrete floor slab in the basement can be divided into several stages:

• preparatory activities;
• insulation;
• subfloor ( cement strainer).

We can stop there. If the earth serves instead of a basement floor, and it is planned to install a floor on the first floor, wooden floors are laid on the ground. To do this, all the above measures are carried out, and the next stage is wood flooring.

Preparatory stage

It is designed to prepare the soil for the insulated screed to be laid on it. In this case, do the work with your own hands in the following order:

1. Marking. Determine the floor level of the basement or first floor. This mark will be the top of the floor structure. That is, exactly the surface on which they will walk. The vertical reference point will be the entrance threshold in a private house or basement. The pre-designed thickness of the concrete slab layers is subtracted from this mark. After this, two marks are made on the strip foundation along the entire perimeter: the bottom and top of the floor. Marking can be done with a level ( laser level), this will significantly increase accuracy and speed up the process.
2. Preparing the foundation for further work. The base for the concrete floor slab in the basement will be compacted soil. It is compacted by vibration or using various weights. For the first one you need a vibrating platform. The second option assumes the presence of a massive device with a wide bottom surface (for example, a log with a board nailed to it).
3. Preparation. Preparation for a concrete slab with a strip foundation consists of backfilling over the entire area of ​​the basement. For its manufacture, materials such as gravel or sand can be used. It is important to note that sand for making the base should be taken of coarse or medium fraction; the use of fine sand is unacceptable. The thickness of the backfill is on average 30-50 cm, depending on the heaving of the base soil. The function of the cushion is drainage and uniform transfer of load to the underlying layers. Laying is done in layers with compaction. The compaction methods are the same as in the previous paragraph. For sand, you can also use water pouring. The surface of the concrete slab pad is leveled and the next stage is started.
4. A very important part of the work with a strip foundation is the device reliable waterproofing . The material used is ordinary polyethylene film. high density or more modern waterproofing membranes. The screed is poured after the waterproofing film is laid out over the entire floor area in the basement, overlapping the walls above the level of the finished floor. All joints of the material are overlapped and taped. Manufacturers produce special connecting tapes for membranes.

After this, the base is prepared for further stages of work.

Insulation

Floor insulation according to concrete base penoplex

Important point with a heated basement or ground floor pie. To do the work yourself, you will need to choose the type of insulation and its thickness. It is important that the insulation of the slab has high strength and rigidity and does not wrinkle under load. Otherwise, the cement screed on top of it will crack, and the surface of the slab of the entire floor pie will become uneven.

Thermal insulation can be installed using the following materials:

• expanded clay gravel (the required thickness depends on the climatic region, on average 30-50 cm, has low thermal insulation properties);
• polystyrene foam (thickness approximately 100 mm; foam plastic will require the installation of a particularly strong reinforced screed, since it is not very durable);
• extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex, thickness like foam plastic - 100 mm, has increased strength and moisture resistance).

For increase waterproofing characteristics and the evenness of the base, it is strongly recommended to pour a layer of “skinny” loaf (grade B7.5) before laying the insulation (under the waterproofing film). No reinforcement is performed. A concrete footing thickness of 6-10 cm is sufficient.

Subfloor

Installation of cement-sand screed for subfloor

This coating in a private home will serve as cement-sand screed. It is performed on top of thermal insulation material.

To increase the strength characteristics of the slabs, reinforcement is made. As materials for reinforcement works a mesh of rods with a diameter of 3-4 mm with a cell size of 100 mm is suitable. Both steel and plastic reinforcement can be used, but if high loads are likely, preference is given to proven steel.

Pouring the floor involves laying the mesh directly on the insulation or on supports, it all depends on the thickness of the concrete layer. If the slab is significantly thick, it is recommended to place the grids on supports.
The rough layer is poured from concrete of a higher strength grade than the preparation for insulation. High brand for floors in a residential building, B20 concrete can be used to ensure particularly strong strength. But on average B15 is enough. The screed is required to be at least 5 centimeters thick, but it all depends on the characteristics of the soil. If the foundation is installed on highly heaving foundations with poor characteristics, the screed thickens.

To ensure evenness of the filling, special beacons are used. They are leveled to the level of the floor mark (the top one on the foundation, made during the preparatory stage).

Completion of work

When making a floor on the ground in a residential building, it is important to remember the hardening time concrete mixture. Cement-sand mortar gains full strength within 4 weeks (may vary with strong changes humidity and temperature). After pouring, wait for the hardening time and begin installing the clean floor (floor covering). If the foundation limits a room that will be used for household needs, then a clean floor may not be installed.

The floor is a surface with which every homeowner is in constant contact. Floors have an impact on health, so it is vital that they are done correctly. It is necessary to take care of the installation of high-quality and heated floors at the stage of repair work in the house.

One of the most budget-friendly and optimal options for arranging flooring is considered to be flooring on the ground. It is advisable to lay it only if there is dry underlying soil, since otherwise it will be necessary to carry out a number of waterproofing measures. Floors on the ground do not require the installation of beams or floors, but do imply thorough preparation coverings.

A little about the technology of making a cake for a ground floor

At correct implementation thermal insulation work, the floor on the ground can create warmth, coziness and a comfortable microclimate. A guarantee of a reliable result of this event can only be called adherence to a clear plan. If you violate the order of the stages of making the cake, you can completely forget about the effectiveness of the floor covering. The pie laying technology involves the following steps:

• site marking;
• preparing the soil for laying the floor;
• waterproofing or laying the underlying layer;
• installation of insulation;
• concrete reinforcement;
• screed alignment.

A classic pie must be multi-layered and must include the following components:

1. compacted soil surface;
2. river sand pillow;
3. backfill made of crushed stone or expanded clay;
4. waterproofing layer;
5. rough concrete screed;
6. vapor barrier layer;
7. insulation;
8. reinforced rough screed;
9. flooring.

To lay the correct floor pie on the ground, use video instructions. It should be noted that the technology of flooring and the design of the cake directly depends on the type of floor covering used. Let's look at a few popular options.

Concrete floor on the ground

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to divide the room into strips 100 cm wide. Laying the floor will begin with the segment farthest from the entrance. If such a floor is properly concreted, it will require virtually no maintenance. It is advisable to break the old floor layer only if the coating has already cracked or begun to crumble. The main advantage of a concrete floor is strength and durability; in addition, it is the most a budget option flooring devices. The availability of materials and the ease of preparing the mixture make concrete floors popular today.

The installation of such flooring takes place in stages, and it is important to follow the order and not skip steps. So, a concrete floor implies the use next technology styling:

• level marking;
• cleaning and compacting soil;
• laying a cushion of crushed stone, sand and gravel;
• waterproofing layer;
• insulation;
• laying the reinforcing layer;
• installation of guides;
• installation of formwork;
• preparation and pouring of concrete mixture;
• concrete leveling;
• execution of the screed.

Concrete flooring on the ground is a durable and reliable option for home improvement, but the installation process requires technology and is time-consuming.

Wooden floor on the ground

The main feature and advantage of wooden flooring is a ventilated underground; in addition, such floors can provide warmth, comfort and provide a home with coziness. For normal circulation of air masses and reduction of heat loss, the height of the ventilated underground should be 20 cm. The technology for making a wooden floor cake involves the following steps:

• soil preparation: leveling the soil, laying a cushion of crushed stone and compacting the soil;
• pouring a thin layer of concrete
• installation of beacons and determination of locations for brick pedestals;
• laying a concrete screed under a brick bedside table on top of the underlying layer;
• arrangement of bedside tables made of solid brick;
• waterproofing using two-layer roofing material;
• styling wooden beams, pre-impregnated with antiseptic;
• thermal insulation of the floor on the ground;
• laying timber on brick tables;
• installation of floor joists;
• leveling the floor covering using a plane;
• Puttying the locations of mounting nails.

Wooden floor on the ground is the most best option for installing flooring in the house with your own hands. Anyone who can hold a hammer in their hands can cope with this process.

• Professional builders note that when making a pie, it is necessary to remember that the finished floor covering must correspond to the level of the door threshold.
• Floors on the ground, with a very limited budget allocated for their installation, are recommended to be installed in outbuildings, non-residential premises, basements, etc. Here you can save significantly on the building materials used.
• If there is a sufficient amount of cement, first of all, you should make a screed from a concrete-crushed stone mixture. After this, thermal insulation - expanded clay or slag - can be laid on top of the screed.