DIY frame garden house. DIY country house projects. Construction of a house from timber

A house on a plot of land is simply necessary, because a dacha is not only a vegetable garden, but also a place for relaxation, and there will always be somewhere to hide from bad weather. As a rule, the design of such houses is not particularly complex, so even beginners in the construction business will not have any problems. More details on how to do country house Do-it-yourself IR is described in this article.

Choosing the type of house taking into account the budget

The budget for an upcoming construction project is not always unlimited; quite often, financing for the construction of a country house is carried out on a residual basis, but even in this case, you can choose a good option.

The following types of houses in summer cottages can be distinguished:

capital (made of natural stone, brick or wood);

small houses, usually made of wood - frame construction technology is used;
country houses made from block containers - almost ready-made structures;
The houses for children stand apart - they are more like a combination of a playground and a small gazebo.

At the same time, the time and financial costs of construction small house will be comparable to the cost of building a medium-sized shed. And application modern technologies will reduce construction time to a minimum.

Start of construction

In case of use frame technology The entire construction process can be divided into separate stages:

foundation installation;
bottom trim device;
securing frame elements– racks and braces, installation of joists, if necessary, assembly of the second floor frame;
wall cladding;
creating a roof frame and covering it;
laying roofing elements, interior decoration of the house, protecting wood from climatic influences.

None of the listed operations require special skills, so anyone can build a house in the country with their own hands.

What should the foundation be?

There is simply no alternative to a reinforced strip foundation for a brick house. But if wood is used, then the main task of the foundation will be not so much in perception heavy load, how much is it to raise the house above ground level.

Therefore, with frame construction technology, concrete or brick pillars are often used ( pile foundation), the top of which is 30–50 cm from the ground. It is important that the tops of the pillars are in the same plane. This inexpensive option, especially compared to .

The basement is built from brick after the construction of the house itself. It is not recommended to make it continuous; this will lead to the fact that moisture from under the house will evaporate very slowly.

Note!
In the area that the foundation will occupy, you need to remove the plant layer of soil and replace it with sand.
Thanks to this, water will not stagnate under the house and the wood will not rot.

Bottom harness

This is the basis for the future floor and support for the wall frame. It is assembled from 10x15 cm beams and attached directly to the foundation.

Advice!
It is undesirable to connect the beams end-to-end in the corners - this will not provide the required rigidity.
It is recommended to use a connection using cutting, which is additionally reinforced with self-tapping screws or an anchor.

Sometimes, during the laying process, reinforcing bars (10-15 cm) are left in the foundation itself, onto which the framing bars are then simply placed. This method of fastening can be considered optimal in terms of rigidity and strength of the connection.

Frame for walls

At the planning stage, the main attention should be paid to developing the frame of the structure. You can prepare drawings of a country house with your own hands, or you can choose a suitable option on our website.

The main element of the frame is a vertical post, rigidly connected to the upper and lower trim. You can attach it to the strapping beams either using metal corners, or select a groove in the strapping beam and simply insert the stand into it.

The corner connection is less rigid, so it is advisable to use it only in small houses. If the structure is large enough, then these 2 methods can be combined.

To ensure that the racks do not warp during the assembly process (as long as they are fixed only in the lower part), they are additionally fixed with temporary braces in the form of ordinary strips. Permanent braces are installed only after work on the top trim is completed.

Note!
On the uneven bars top harness The holes must be located exactly above the holes in the bottom trim.
A displacement of even a couple of centimeters will cause the frame racks to bend.

In the process of assembling the frame, you must not forget about window and doorways. The main rule is that the load from the structure should not be transferred to (so as not to warp it). Therefore, openings are always made wider than the window or door itself. The cracks then simply foam and disappear behind the platbands.

In the corners of the house, for greater strength of the frame, you can install not frame slats, but beams with a section of 10x10 or 10x15 cm. Grooves are drilled in the end of the beam and in the trim into which a wooden cylinder is inserted. Additionally, the connection is fixed metal corners. In general, when assembling the frame, each connection can be strengthened with corners, but in this case the cost of construction will increase.

In parallel with assembling the frame for the walls, you need to start building the floor.

In frame construction, there are 2 options for flooring:

when grooves are selected in the strapping bars and logs are attached to them. Reduces bearing capacity beams, suitable only for small construction sites;
when the logs are assembled into one whole (it turns out to be a kind of box), then it is laid on top of the strapping and attached to it with self-tapping screws.

If a do-it-yourself house for a summer residence is planned for winter accommodation, then you need to insulate the floor. For this purpose, ordinary polystyrene foam is suitable, which is simply placed in the spaces between the lags. The gaps formed after installation can simply be foamed with polyurethane foam.

Installation of the top trim and wall covering

The instructions for installing the top trim contain the same points as when installing the bottom trim. After completing its installation, you can remove the temporary braces and finally strengthen the wall frame with permanent braces.

After this, selections are made in the beams of the upper trim for the joists for the installation of the ceiling. If desired, these logs can not be hidden, but rather turned into an interior detail. The joists should extend slightly beyond the walls; this will be needed when installing the rafters.

As for wall cladding, you can use regular boards, lining or siding for this - the choice depends more on the budget. But regardless of the material chosen for cladding, the walls need to be insulated, especially since the price of insulation is not so high.

To do this, insulation, for example, mineral wool, is simply inserted between the frame posts. Then a special film is fixed on the outside with a stapler (it allows moisture to pass in one direction), and sheathing strips are placed on top of it. And only after this the framing of the frame begins.

Roof frame construction

The simplest and cheap option- flat roof. In this case, it is enough to simply follow required slope even at the stage of assembling the wall frame. But the classic gable roof is much more common.

The rafter system is selected depending on the size of the house. So, for a small building you can use a hanging system. In this case, the rafter legs rest only on the walls or on the logs.

A layered system will be needed if the house has internal load-bearing walls - additional supports are installed to prevent the rafters from sagging.

A sheathing (solid or lattice) is placed on top of the rafters and a waterproofing carpet is laid out. After this, all that remains is to secure slate, tiles or any other covering to the slopes.

Children's country houses

They are a combination of a small house and a playground. Therefore, the main requirement here is that parents have imagination. You can build a house for a child in your country house with your own hands in just 1-2 days.

When working on the design of such a structure, you can use the following tips:

you can make it 2-story, and place, for example, a sandbox on the lower floor;
a slide adjacent to the house would not be out of place;
an external staircase to the second floor is required;
you can equip it with a “warehouse” for toys (shovels, buckets, etc.).

A child, of course, will not live in such a house. The main purpose of the “new building” is to have fun with friends.

Block containers as a country house

Standard shipping containers can be used, unless, of course, it bothers you elongated shape future "home". You can cut it out if desired side walls grinder, arm yourself welding machine and use the container frame as a base for the house. Welding will require electricity, but renting a diesel generator for your dacha will solve this problem.

Summarizing

A house is an integral part of any summer cottage, in fact, this is exactly what distinguishes a dacha from simple vegetable garden. A small house on a plot of land will require a minimum of time and financial costs, but will make outdoor recreation unforgettable and will become cozy corner for all relatives and friends.

In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

It is the dream of any city dweller to have a house outside the city, where one can take a break from the bustle of the city and breathe fresh air. One day spent in such a place gives you a supply of energy for the entire working week. But not everyone can afford to have such a house.

In this case, people with limited budget can either buy a ready-made frame garden house, or build a garden house with your own hands.

If you decide to buy a ready-made small country house, then currently on the construction market big choice such houses. There are options for small frame houses that are perfect for placing them on a summer cottage, in a garden or in any place for organizing active recreation.

These frame houses They are well insulated, so you can save on heating them, since the costs are minimal.

Large houses are perfect for the role country cottage. Companies that manufacture garden houses not only offer ready-made houses, but they can also build a house according to the customer’s individual project.

Below are examples of finished houses.

There are many options for using these houses as garden houses, fishing houses, and for equipment. To make the houses that are presented below, wood was used that was processed by special means, therefore they have high strength, reliability, environmental friendliness and durability.

Depending on the size, a frame garden house may have different purposes. Small house can be used as storage facilities for storing household equipment. It is possible to make a house to order according to an individual project.

Selection of materials and step-by-step construction

Before you start building a frame garden house with your own hands, it is important to think about what materials will be used and calculate the required quantity. To build a frame house, you need to prepare the following building materials:

timber for constructing the frame;
edged board;
insulation;
polyurethane foam;
roofing felt;
hydro- and vapor barrier;
fastening material.

For light frame construction you can use columnar foundation. If you build the foundation yourself, the cost of the work will be about 10 thousand rubles. When installing a strip foundation, it will take more time, but the foundation will be more reliable and durable.

The amount of building material for the walls of a frame house depends on the size of the future house. For example, you can take a house 2.8 m high, 10 m long, 8 m wide. Using these parameters, the number of vertical posts for the house frame will be calculated. The perimeter of the house is 36 m.

The racks should be located at a distance of 50 cm from each other. If you use timber with a cross section of 10*15 cm for the racks, then you will need about 4 cubes of timber. To construct the base and the final connection, you will need 3 more cubes, for a total of 7 cubes.

If you use an edged board 3 m long, 15 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick to cover the walls, you will need 4.65 cubic meters of board.
The cost of the frame with walls, partitions, door and window frames will be approximately 70-80 thousand rubles.
You will have to spend about 20-25 thousand rubles on interior decoration with the cost of materials and hired specialists.

So easy frame house for a dacha it will cost about 250-300 thousand rubles.

Having decided to own a country house, you need to decide which house is best to build. You can buy ready-made. The construction market now has a large selection of companies that sell ready-made houses or build according to individual projects to order.

But if you have a little experience construction work, then you can build a house with your own hands, embodying all your fantasies in it. In addition, you will be able to save on construction costs.

To realize your dream, the ideal option is to build a frame house. Such a house can be built very quickly, is cheap, and besides, anyone can build it with their own hands.

Design garden house

Usually we build frame garden houses either from plywood or timber. Below we will consider both construction options.

From plywood

It is believed that the simplest in assembly and design is a frame country house made of plywood. Its construction lasts literally a week. If you give it a beautiful exterior finish, for example, with wooden lining, then it will have a quite presentable appearance.

The list of materials for building a house depends on the personal preferences, tastes and financial capabilities of the owner. Therefore, only an approximate list will be considered.

The following tools should be prepared:

saw;
screwdriver;
drill;
hammer;
roulette;
building level;
plumb line;
set of screwdrivers and drills.

Materials you need to purchase:

cement and sand;
waterproofing - roofing felt;
4-meter board measuring 5x20 for mounting floors and frame rafters;
4-meter board measuring 5x15 for the construction of load-bearing frame walls;
4-meter board measuring 5x10 for internal partitions;
plywood;
OSB sheets;
mineral wool as a heat insulator;
flooring;
thick board for the floor;
drywall;
fastening material.

Foundation construction. At the beginning of any construction, we build the foundation. Since frame houses are lightweight, a strip or column foundation is suitable for them. For a small garden house it is better to use a pillar foundation. To build the foundation you will need garden auger. With its help, holes are made about 1.6 m deep in increments of 2 m. Posts are inserted into these holes.

To make the structure stable, a sand cushion about 0.2 m high is made. Before inserting the pillars, it is necessary to waterproof the holes using roofing felt. Cuffs are placed over the holes, and then everything is filled with solution.

Construction of the frame. The basis of the frame is the lower frame. It is carried out with beams along the entire perimeter of the future building. Bottom part strappings and joists should be treated with an antiseptic to protect the wood from fungus and insects.

It is important to protect the wood from rotting by placing a waterproofing layer between the foundation and the wood. Next are installed vertical supports, which determine the height of the future structure.

You should not make the house too high, as it will be difficult to heat it later.

Thick boards are used to construct the subfloor.

Covering the frame with plywood. When covering walls, it is necessary to perform thermal insulation using insulation. The outside of the house is sheathed with plywood, which is secured with self-tapping screws. Interior finishing is done with plasterboard, plywood, chipboard or fiberboard. Before installing a clean floor, insulation should be done. Linoleum or floorboards can be used as flooring.

Roof installation.

To erect a roof, rafters must be installed. To speed up installation, racks 1.5 m high should be installed in the center. A beam is attached to the racks, which is joined at the edges at an angle of 50 degrees using an end connection.

Rafters are installed on the resulting structure. You can install the roof yourself in one day. You can choose any roofing material; it depends on personal preferences and financial capabilities. For the house in question, galvanized iron is suitable.

The technologies for constructing a frame garden house made of timber and a house made of plywood are similar. Similarly, first of all, the foundation is made: columnar or strip. A columnar foundation is chosen for a small house.

Can be used concrete slabs, laid on a sand cushion and deepened into the soil by 15 cm. Roofing felt is laid on the built foundation for waterproofing.

After the foundation, the frame is erected. First, the lower frame and logs are laid on the foundation, then the vertical supports are installed. The construction of the frame takes a little time, but the structure is strong and durable.

There is an option for a garden house with a veranda. To do this, you need to extend the lower logs to the length of the proposed veranda, using additional supports.

The subfloor is laid with thick boards. For thermal insulation, the floor is first covered with insulation, then hydro and vapor barrier, for example, glassine. For flooring, you can use thick linoleum or floorboards.

Following the installation of the floor, the walls are made of timber. The connections are fastened with dowels. Insulation is laid between the crowns. Insulation must be done for each layer. Tow or jute can be used as insulation. Then the roof is mounted: braces and rafters made of timber are installed. At the next stage, the sheathing is carried out with timber and a layer of roofing material is laid.

A country house can be made more attractive if the exterior is finished with siding or wooden paneling.

After the basic work on building a house with your own hands has been completed, you can install windows and doors and move on to interior decoration.

Building a house made of timber takes longer than a house made of plywood, but it is more reliable and durable. Be that as it may, a house built with your own hands will serve you for many years.

Every person who purchased small area land for a summer residence, strives to build a house or a similar easily erected structure in a short time. To have a place to relax after a hard time working day, or shelter from inclement weather. Well, it’s natural to get settled in everyday life. Of course, it is advisable to build a house so that it can accommodate the whole family and guests who come for the weekend. The task is, of course, enormous, but quite doable if you have accumulated savings to build a country house, because a large amount of new building material will be required.

If possible, you can hire hired workers to build this structure.

Of course, this will significantly increase financial expenses for your family, and if this is not possible, you will have to build a country house with your own hands.

Mostly, dacha owners build their houses with their own hands in order to save money on rent. construction crew and invite relatives and friends to the construction site to help, which naturally reduces the cost of the construction process.

Summer residents also sometimes use used materials, which can be purchased at half the price compared to market prices, but this will reduce the durability of the structure by half.

When building his country house, the author decided not to skimp on the basic material and buy everything on the construction market so that it would last for a century and the house would last a long time, delighting his family and his guests with its comfort and aesthetic appearance.

The main material for construction was, of course, wood, which could be better and more beautiful than wood. The author purchased bars and boards at a local sawmill, which turned out to be much cheaper than in a hardware store.

When starting construction, I pre-drilled holes for the supporting pillars, inserted and filled cement mortar. I tied the poles with boards and left them for a day for the solution to dry. Then he began construction, step by step moving towards his cherished goal.

And so now let's take a closer look at how he built his country house, and what he needed for this.

Materials: board 30 mm, timber 100 by 100, timber 40 by 60, floorboard 50 mm, insulation, professional sheet, lath, fiberboard.
Tools: a circular saw, drill, drill, screwdriver, hammer, shovel, electric plane, angle, ruler, tape measure, circular saw.

And so the first thing he did was invite his neighbor and together they drilled holes to install the pillars.

Then I installed the posts and filled the holes with cement mortar.

I made a screed at the bottom and top so that the pillars would stand level, and after a day, after the solution had gained hardness, I began further construction.

The author makes the top harness.

Then he moves on to creating the roof ridge.

Next he makes the roof sheathing.

Shows the rafter attachment point.

The remains from sawing will also come in handy somewhere.

Next, he proceeds to installing the roof from a professional sheet.

Then he moves on to installing the floors of the house.

So we have a place to store boards from precipitation.

Prepares a batch of boards, cutting them apart on a circular saw.

And begins finishing the cornice.

She covers the walls with boards, and seals the gaps between the boards with slats.

Next we move on to the ceiling trim.

After purchasing a country plot for a summer residence, it becomes necessary to topical issue about how to build a country house with your own hands. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is planned that requires the involvement of construction equipment and teams of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is frame construction.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area of the summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up successful project and choose an inexpensive one, but quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this, most likely, will not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the plot from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone building, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
So that the house does not block neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often they choose to build country houses following technologies its construction: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

Projects are predominantly selected for summer cottages one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces. Often the structure has attic space used for storage gardening tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-storey house, taking up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full-fledged second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by attic superstructure. Finishing her off natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft being compiled.

There are also ready-made versions of country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which simply need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out work, basic technological methods and connection diagrams individual elements and nodes.

For the owner of the site, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that the kit often already includes everything necessary for the building’s electrical network, its ventilation system, and even for installing the water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on the approximate plan of the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

Traditional material for country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built using a frame method, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is considered to be the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - namely, people’s neglect of basic requirements fire safety in the vast majority of cases it becomes the cause of fire.

The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with good reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and the high price of materials.

Very often, different materials are used when building a country house. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus it will become a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to purchase a prefabricated ready-made model of a house that has a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material(ruberoid);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

- bars and boards different sizes, depending on design parameters;

— fastening elements — nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates– for fastening knots;

— vapor barrier film ;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when erecting such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

To create a strip foundation, you will need not only more materials, but also enough long term. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug along the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install a reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the foundation pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will take another month until the filled tape completely hardens and gains brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make basement However, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm.

is described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by following the link provided. If a columnar foundation is selected, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. Above sand cushion layer is laid mid-fraction

crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small clay), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Fine expanded clay is an excellent rodent repellent To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house metal mesh

with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure For a country house optimal choice

- frame structure A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed

two or three layers of laid roofing felt. If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda
will be attached to the house separately. All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay

After the workpieces have received proper preparation and have completely dried, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take quality bars the required section. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows optimal sizes timber for a frame house:

The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements are large in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

When the lower frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, when finished, lifted and secured to the framing bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is being erected independently, without helpers, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the tent alone to the height of the frame, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are secured to the lower frame using powerful corners that can hold them in a vertical position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the top one is installed and secured on all other vertical posts strapping beam ok, the area with the window opening is fixed to the space left for it.

All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

If you plan to sheathe the frame from the outside with clapboard, then this is the next step. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof will be covered on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have a general idea about this, to know which design is best to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging rafter system is distinguished by the fact that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to ease the burden on wooden walls and on the foundation hanging rafters are fastened with a tie.

Myself hanging structure consists of a cross beam, which also performs a covering function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on the foundation.

When installing this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so it will be possible to use fewer retaining elements. It is perfect for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above vertical posts wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are secured to the frame structure of the walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the ceiling beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of the rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof truss system can be mounted using different sequences of fastening its elements:

First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which is in this option will act as a Mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two support points, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum permissible length rafter leg(in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	*Section of the rafter leg (in mm)*
	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge of the load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, a sliding support, an angle, a bracket, nails or long screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the harness, tying them ridge beam or a board, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements will form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If you choose to cover the roof soft roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing felt, which are overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

For wooden houses the following are most often used: roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).

The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
Next, the eaves of the roof are finished - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.

For lining along the perimeter of the pediment triangle, it is fixed special profile, into which the panels prepared and cut at the desired angle will be installed. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when placing the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars filled with polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness. general appearance house.

It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to level the entire structure doorway walls.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

To do this, on frame load-bearing beams cranial bars are nailed or screwed. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

Next, the vapor barrier film is laid or filled with insulation material. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in ceiling, and if it is missing, place the insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

First on all the walls and ceiling beams is fixed vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why they are most often used as insulation. mineral wool– after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling all the space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

After this, all walls are again covered with vapor barrier film.

The next step is covering the walls with wooden paneling, plywood or. The latter, with subsequent decorative finishing walls, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

Next, it is insulated attic floor, there is insulation - it is laid between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
Finishing touches interior decoration there will be installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from to a knowledgeable master who has experience in such work will always give helpful advice and will show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: building a country house using frame technology

Every year there are more and more summer residents who join those who want to quickly build a garden house with their own hands. After all, it is quite logical that questions arise about how to arrange your dacha in the summer or at other times of the year.

You can build a huge mansion or a real family estate, but if you only have a couple of acres at your disposal, then why not decide to build a small garden house, which will not take much time and you won’t even have to bring in any “heavy artillery”.

Garden house design

Before you start drawing your future home, you should think about the necessary project documentation. The first thing you should decide for yourself is what functions will be assigned to the future house.

Despite the fact that the main purpose of any house in the country is temporary residence, most often exclusively in warm weather, at any time of the year it must be not only dry and warm, but most importantly - comfortable for all family members and guests.

In the heat of summer, an economy-class country house or any other must be a little cool. If we talk from the point of view of using a house as any kind of structure, it should not, first of all, need regular repairs, as well as serious and lengthy preparation for the cold.

It is imperative that the house always has electricity and, at least in the heat, in summer, drinking water. In addition, it is important that, if necessary, the house can accommodate at least several guests. The ideal option is when each of the rooms is multifunctional.

Having decided to build a modern garden house, it is important to keep in mind that its project today must necessarily consist of large quantity simple floor plans and mandatory indication of the area of each room.

Particular attention should be paid to the drawings of each of the nodes, where all the walls are connected to the ceiling and, accordingly, the floor, as well as all the supports of the existing floors. It is imperative that there is a vertical section of the future house indicating all the marks of a certain floor level, as well as the bottom of the foundation.

When looking through photos of the future garden house, another point that you will definitely need to pay attention to is the availability of diagrams of all communication networks, that is, water supply, electrics, and so on.

If planned self-construction buildings, then in this case keep in mind that each of the drawings must be made on paper to scale with strict adherence to all proportions. Linear dimensions For convenience, they are now almost always indicated in millimeters.

The completion of the garden house project is an explanatory note, which usually contains:

characteristics of decisions made;
necessary materials for future construction, indicating their quantity.

What tools and materials will be needed to build a house?

If you definitely decide to build a garden house with your own hands at low cost, then in this case, as a building material for construction, you can use, for example, foam or gas blocks and brick, which is loved by many. In this case, it is better to choose a pine beam with a square cross-section, in which one side is 10 cm, as the main material.

Please note that one of the four sides of the selected timber must already be planed. It will be used for outer surface all walls. The remaining components of the house, such as the ceiling, floors, floors, and so on, can be easily made, for example, from high-quality pine lumber.

Before construction begins, all building material must undergo a short drying process. The main thing to pay attention to is that the level of dryness of the materials used is approximately the same.

For example, the wall material must have exactly the same dryness as the lining used to decorate the ceiling in the house.

In addition to wood, you will also need the following materials:

Asbestos cement sheets;
Nails;
Handy insulation;
Antiseptic impregnation;
Ruberoid;
Glue;
Wallpaper;
Foam for installation.

If you are interested in building a garden house exclusively from environmentally friendly building materials, then in this case you can only use asbestos cement sheets from this huge list.

It’s very easy to build a country house yourself from slats, any timber and prepared boards, as well as from windows and doors that are already ready for construction.

To work, you need to prepare in advance: a hand and circular miter saw, a battery-powered drill, several types of hammer, a large ruler with a pencil, a cord used for marking, a corner, and flat brush and construction adhesive tape.

Types of buildings

Browsing on the Internet various options garden houses, it is impossible not to be amazed at the ingenuity and imagination of some people. Today, houses differ not only in their size, but also in materials, exterior decoration, shape of the roof, doors and even windows.