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By purchasing a mechanical lock, you can save money, because it is an excellent a budget option. But if there is a need for increased reliability and efficiency, it is recommended to choose electromagnetic type models. They are installed on entrance doors in private houses or apartments. Such locks differ from mechanical locks that operate on electricity; although the energy consumption is insignificant, they still add up extra kilowatts. Electromagnetic locks can also operate from batteries. This will make installation easier since you won't have to run a wire to the nearest power source.

Varieties

This category of locks is divided into two subgroups: electronic and magnetic. The first type of devices must be programmed independently. This is done in different ways. Some products are equipped with a circuit for receiving digital combinations, the operation of which is based on manual entry using a keyboard. Others require reception of a special radio signal that comes from a key programmed with a specific code.

Electronic locks

In order for the locking system to work flawlessly, it requires power supply. Some models are equipped with a special display. The buttons on the lock have different designs– conventional push or touch.

The magnetic design also requires power from the mains or batteries, but its operating principle is completely different. The main detail in this system it becomes magnetic key. He is precisely considered the carrier of the code. It looks like a large tablet or keychain. To unlock the door, use this key to touch the plate, which receives the signal, after which the mechanism is activated, and door design opens.

You can assemble an electronic door lock with your own hands. First you have to find the tools and parts that are needed for manufacturing. The choice of such elements depends on many factors; there is no universal set of parts and tools.

Lock components

Electronic locks consist of several components:

• Locking device. If this element is mortise, it is attached directly to the canvas itself, and the overhead element is attached on top of the structure. The lock is equipped with a body, inside it there are crossbars that hold the doors in the “closed” position. There is also an electric motor that drives the crossbars. Some models have door handles on the body.

• Locking plate. It is mounted on the jamb, with its help the bolts are held in the “closed” position.

• Control block. Contains a device that processes the input signal to operate the lock. This unit also includes batteries that are connected at the moment when the electricity goes out. The block is connected to a power source - a socket.

• A device that is designed to read information from the used key.

Electric locks are divided into:

• code;
• biometric;
• built-in invisible locks.

An electronic code device opens the door when you enter a code using special buttons on the panel. The biometric lock is triggered when it recognizes a fingerprint or retina. The invisibility lock opens using a signal from a special key fob.

Electronic locks are often equipped with a special closer, which allows the doors to close smoothly and silently. This system increases the operating period locking mechanism, connects to the intercom, and it, in turn, can open the doors remotely.

Electronic lock placement

The installation of mortise and overlay devices is different. The latter are often used for installation on input metal doors, wickets or Garage Doors. To properly install such a device, you will need:

• construction pencil or marker;
• square;
• screwdriver;
• electric drill with drills of the required diameter;
• yardstick.

These tools will help you make the correct markings on the plane of the canvas and at the location of the mechanism. The first stage is placement of the device. To do this you will need to perform the following manipulations:

• Retreat from the floor level according to the standard 90-110 cm. Apply a mark in this area. Then mark the location of the locking mechanism, housing, and fasteners.
• The marking can be simplified - take the body, attach it to the canvas, and trace it with a pencil.
• In those places where there are marks for fasteners, drill holes with an electric drill. Drills use a little smaller in size than bolts.
• Then do through hole in the place where the housing and the reading mechanism are connected. Install and secure the housing in the prepared area.

Now it's time to place the strike plate that supports the locking bolts. They are installed in the same way as the housing, according to a predetermined plan:

• Make markings on the side of the door, on the jamb. When the location of the bar has been determined, it is important to consider the area where the lock will be installed. The best place to start is to close the door and mark where the bolts are located. Place marks for fasteners.
• Using an electric drill, make holes for the bolts of the required diameter.
• Attach the striker to the prepared area so that the crossbars fit into it exactly. If they are tight and catch on the bar, adjustment will be required as friction is unacceptable.

After this, you need to install a reader and other equipment, without which the lock will not work. To do this, it is important to adhere to the following rules:

• The reader is installed on back side doors Mount it as close as possible to the installed lock so that during contact opening the device can be combined with the locking mechanism using wires.
• The control unit connected to the network adapter is located next to the active power source indoors.
• The electrical wires that connect all these parts are placed in special corrugated tubes or boxes. This will protect the devices from influence high humidity, and the appearance of the door will become aesthetically attractive.

Electronic mortise lock

It will not be possible to install such a lock quickly; this task is much more difficult. To perform the installation correctly, you will need to make recesses in the canvas and on the box to accommodate the housing and the strike plate.

• remove the fabric from the loops;
• make markings for the recess; it should be slightly larger than the dimensions of the lock itself (by 2 or 3 mm);
• using a chisel or an electric drill to make a recess on the frame and door leaf;
• If any irregularities or nicks have formed, clean them thoroughly;
• if the doors are metal, you will have to use a special tool.

After installing the lock case and other devices, you can connect the lock. Everything you need for this is included in the kit. If there is no connection diagram, then the Internet will help, where you can find a suitable method and connect in the correct way.

How to make an electronic lock yourself is shown in this video:

Electric locks are modern locking devices that operate under the influence of electric current. Installation of electric locks in most cases is carried out by professionals, but all work can be done on your own. For installation and connection you will need minimum set tools, a large number of attention and maximum accuracy.

Additional devices for electric locks

The design of an electric lock depends on its type. Currently there are:

• electromechanical locks;
• electromagnetic locks.

Composition of an electromechanical lock

Combines the functions of a simple mechanical shutter and an electric drive.

An electric door lock with a mechanical opening function consists of:

• the housing of the device in which the electric motor is installed, a cylinder for opening with a key and locking bolts;
• strike plate;
• set of keys;
• additional electrical wires;
• fastening elements;
• instructions describing how to install an electric lock.

It is advisable to install electromechanical locks indoors or additionally protect them from moisture with casings.

Composition of an electromagnetic lock

Keeps the door closed with magnetic field, which occurs due to the supply of electric current, that is, a powerful magnet located in one part of the lock holds the metal bar located on the mating part of the mechanism.

When purchased, such a device includes:

• magnet, which is separate part castle;
• a reciprocal metal strip attracted by a magnet;
• corner for attaching the main unit;
• fasteners;
• additional wires;
• instructions that describe in detail how to connect an electric lock.

Electromagnetic locks are less demanding than electromechanical ones. The devices can be used without additional protection both indoors and outdoors.

Additional equipment for any type of electric locks

Installation of electric locks on the door or is impossible without additional equipment, which includes:

• a controller that controls the electric lock and is located in a special unit;

• source uninterruptible power supply, which is required for the device to operate during periods of central power outages. The electric lock can be powered from an electrical outlet or from batteries located in this unit. The batteries are charged from the network adapter;

• reader of code information from a key fob or card, which is located on the outside of the door;

• door opener with inside. Electric lock on front door can be equipped with this device for additional convenience users.

If the owner wishes, the electric lock for the gate can be equipped with an intercom with the function of autonomous opening from the living room. In this case, you won’t have to go outside every time to let visitors in.

Another additional device – a door closer – is installed at the user’s request. Doors equipped with closers operate smoothly, without vibration when closing, which reduces the service life of the lock.

The set of additional devices is determined by the need (controller and power supply) and the wishes of the user.

Electric lock installation

Do-it-yourself electric lock installation different ways depending on the type of device and its location.

If a locking mechanism needs to be installed on a door, then mortise locks are predominantly used.

If a locking device is required to secure the gate, then rim locks are used.

Installation of an electric lock on the front door

How to install an electric lock on the front door? For this you will need:

• drill with various attachments for drilling holes for fastening elements of the lock and additional equipment;
• screwdriver for reliable fixation of connecting elements;
• chisel, hammer. Necessary for arranging an internal niche in wooden structures;
• boxes or other devices for protection electrical wires from mechanical damage and moisture penetration, as well as to give the room an aesthetic appearance.

You can install an electric lock with your own hands according to the following scheme:

1. on the door leaf, mark the area for installing the lock and mark the places where the device is attached;

Correct marking is the key correct installation and uninterrupted operation of the lock.

1. take out part door leaf and drill holes for the connecting bolts;
2. install the lock in the niche and securely fix the device;
3. on the door jamb mark the area for the strike plate;
4. remove part of the jamb in a similar way;
5. install and secure the strike plate;
6. install additional equipment;

The power supply is located near the current source. It is more advisable to install the controller on the wall next to the door so that the equipment does not interfere with the passage and opening of the door.

1. stretch and put all connecting wires into boxes;
2. connect all mechanisms. The electric lock connection diagram is included in the kit;
3. connect the circuit to a power source;
4. check functionality.

If errors or shortcomings are found, they should be eliminated and/or corrected, as the lock will not operate correctly.

The process of installing a mortise lock is discussed in detail in the video.

Installation of an electric lock on a gate

To install an electric lock on a gate, in addition to the above equipment you will need:

• Bulgarian;
• welding machine.

This equipment is required for installation profile pipes on which the lock will be attached.

You can install the lock using the following instructions:

1. if necessary, install a frame made of profile pipes in the area where the lock is installed. How to do this correctly will help you figure out the electric lock diagram attached to the equipment set, on which all the dimensions of the device are marked;
2. make markings under further installation. It is necessary to mark the locations of fastenings and through holes required for installation of system elements;
3. install and secure the lock;

1. mount the strike plate and additional equipment provided for by the design in a similar way;
2. connect the electric lock according to the attached diagram;
3. install a protective cover over the lock;
4. check the correct operation of the device. If necessary, correct shortcomings.

Installation of electric locks is carried out according to the diagrams attached to the device. In order for the mechanism to work correctly and be used for a long period of time, the entire installation process must be carried out with the utmost precision and special attention.

Every owner of a residential or office space dreams of reliable protection of your property. The best way This problem is solved by an electronic lock on the front door, which does not have a keyhole, which means it is almost impossible to find a tool for breaking.

Standard equipment for electronic lock

Electronically controlled locks consist of several elements, which are usually included with the device when it was purchased. The main elements include:

• locking device. It can be installed inside the door leaf (mortise lock) or on the surface of the door (overlay lock). The locking mechanism consists of a housing, inside of which there are bolts that hold the door in the closed position and an electric motor with which the bolts are driven. The lock body may provide for the installation of a door handle;

• a striker plate installed on the door jamb and necessary to hold the bolts in the closed position;

• Control block. The block consists of a device that processes signals for opening and closing the locking mechanism and a controller, which serves to control the lock, independently encode keys and combine the component parts of the mechanism into unified system. Batteries are built into the control unit to ensure the lock operates in the event of a power outage;

• the block is connected to a constant current source ( electrical outlet) network adapter.

• a device for reading information from a key. Electronic locks can be biometric or built-in invisible locks. The electronic combination lock opens when the code is entered on the panel. The biometric lock is activated by recognizing a fingerprint or retina. An invisibility lock can be opened by a signal transmitted by a key fob, card, cell phone, and so on.

• a set of keys (key fobs, cards).

• mounting bolts of different sizes.

Additionally, the electronic lock can be equipped with a closer, which allows the door to open and close smoothly, which increases the service life of the locking mechanism and is connected to an intercom, which allows you to open the door remotely.

Installing an electronic lock

According to the installation method, electronic locks are divided into two types:

• overhead devices;
• mortise devices.

Overhead locks are installed on the surface of the door leaf, and mortise locks are installed inside the door.

Installation of an electronic lock

Overhead locks are mainly installed on metal doors, on gates or.

To install an electronic lock, you will need:

• marker, pencil, tape measure, corner. This set of tools is necessary for marking the plane of the door at the installation site of the main mechanism;
• electric drill with a set of different drills;
• screwdriver

The first stage of installation begins with the installation of the locking mechanism. To do this, a number of actions are performed:

1. in the selected location (most often the locks are installed at a distance of 90–110 cm from the floor level), markings are applied to the door leaf. At the same time, the locations of the locking mechanism housing and fastening points are indicated on the door;

Markings on the door can be made by attaching the lock body to the door leaf or by first drawing a layout of the device.

1. the intended holes for fastenings are drilled. In this case, the diameter of the drills used must correspond to the diameter of the fastening bolts;

1. a through hole is drilled in the door to connect the device body and the reading mechanism;
2. The lock body is installed and secured in the marked area.

The second stage of installation is the installation of the locking plate, that is, the device that will hold the locking bolts. Installation of the striker plate is carried out in the same way as installation of the housing according to the plan:

1. Markings are made on the door jamb. When determining the location of the strip area, the location of the lock must be taken into account. It is best to close the main mechanism and mark the location of the crossbars. It is also necessary to mark the mounting locations of the device;
2. holes for mounting bolts are drilled;
3. the counterplate is fixed.

The crossbars should fit smoothly into the striker. Tight entry and excessive friction are not acceptable.

The third stage of installing a lock yourself is to install a reader and other necessary equipment. In this case, you must be guided by the following rules:

• the reader is installed on outside doors, as close as possible to the lock, since in the case of contact opening, this mechanism must be connected by wires to the locking device;
• the control unit, which connects to the network adapter, is located near a permanent power source indoors;
• It is advisable to place the connecting wires in specialized boxes or corrugated hoses. This will help protect devices from moisture and give the door an aesthetic appearance.

An example of installing an electronic lock is discussed in detail in the video.

Installation of an electronic mortise lock

Installing an electronic lock by cutting into a door is somewhat more difficult, since special niches for the body and striker must be drilled in the door leaf and jamb, respectively. The following scheme is provided for the formation of niches:

1. door leaf . This improves the convenience of working;
2. the dimensions of the niche are noted, which should be 2 - 3 mm larger than the dimensions of the lock;
3. using a drill, chisel, hammer or other equipment, a part of the door leaf and jamb is removed;
4. Uneven surfaces are smoothed out after work.

How to connect an electronic lock

After the lock body is installed on the door and everything necessary equipment, you can start connecting it. In most cases, the device connection diagram is included with the lock. If there is no diagram, then you can follow the following instructions:

1. the control unit contains a controller to which all equipment must be connected: a locking mechanism, a reader, and so on. For this purpose they are used electrical cables supplied with the lock;
2. the locking device is connected to the opening code reader;
3. then all system components are connected to the corresponding terminals of the controller;

1. the power adapter is connected;
2. the functionality of the mechanism is checked.

If you cannot connect an electronic lock yourself, then it is more advisable to seek help from specialists.

Electronic locks belong to the category of the most reliable locking mechanisms. A significant drawback of the devices is the inability of the lock to operate correctly without exposure to electric current. For this reason, it is recommended to install two locks on the front door, one of which is electronic and the other mechanical.

Any good owner takes care of his property, ensuring its independent protection from various criminal attacks. Today, “with the development of technology” for committing crimes, an ordinary mechanical lock has ceased to be a reliable barrier between your home and an intruder.

Such locks can be opened using an “intelligent” method in a few minutes, but, thank God, progress does not stand still and today the market offers us wide choose sufficiently reliable electromechanical locks. Such locking devices are good for everyone, except for the price, so craftsmen have long been wondering how to make a homemade electromechanical lock? In this article we will try to answer this question, simultaneously analyzing the motivation self-made similar locking device.

Why make an electromechanical lock yourself?

Reading this article, many may ask the question, why bother and try to make an electromechanical locking device with your own hands, when you can easily buy it in a store? Even if the price for it is not low, you can always save it up, put it aside, or take it in installments; it’s still better than, in the end, failing when trying to “rive together” something more or less working.

First of all, we should not discount the inquisitive mind of our Russian artisans, who may not really need the castle itself, but are simply interested in figuring it out and making it. The second point is the security we have already mentioned; any factory locking device has its own shortcomings, which an attacker may be aware of. Using this knowledge, the criminal will quickly deal with a fancy electromechanical lock bought in a store and take everything valuable out of the house.

Imagine if you manage to assemble a stable electromechanical device. Its main advantage will be that no one except you will know the features of its design, which means that an attacker simply will not take risks trying to open the lock. But even if you run into a super-professional thief who cannot be held by any lock, even such a thief will still lose more time fiddling with opening a “homemade product” than if he opened factory device. In general, homemade locks have some advantages.

True, here it is necessary to make a reservation; a device made by hand must be made on the basis of a workable circuit and be tested repeatedly.

Which approach to choose when making a lock?

The appearance of your electromechanical lock will be largely influenced by the approach taken in its manufacture. There are two main approaches that craftsmen use when creating locks and their control systems.

1. The first approach involves handicraft production of all elements protective system, including electromechanical locking device.
2. The second approach involves combining factory-made and home-made system elements, including a lock.

Experienced craftsmen advise using the second approach, since it is very difficult to make absolutely all the parts yourself, and there is no need. It is much easier and more effective to “improve” factory samples of locking devices by introducing your own “handicraft gadgets”.

It is extremely difficult to make an electromechanical lock “from scratch”, because in its design it contains elements whose production requires specialized equipment. However, no one forbids taking parts and components from other locking devices and making a hybrid unknown to any professional burglar.

Required tools and components

The composition of the necessary components and parts will largely depend on the complexity of the design of your electromechanical lock. In this paragraph, we will describe the most typical parts and tools that may be required for the manufacture of an electromechanical locking device and its control system. Let's start with the details.

• Circuit board and radio components according to the diagram. We will need them to make the lock control unit, although no one is stopping you from adapting a ready-made factory unit.
• Details of the security mechanism of the mechanical part of the lock (bolt, levers, springs).
• Ready-made lock case or materials for its manufacture. Naturally, the higher quality the materials, the better.
• A specialized electric drive for electromechanical locks or a standard drive for a car's central locking system.
• Small electric motor.
• Gears and rims.
• Drive spoke.
• A small metal rod with a handle that will be attached to the lock body and will become part of the electric strike, if of course you need one.
• A relay designed for a specific load, fasteners for a lock.
• 12 volt power supply and wiring required length and sections. Experts recommend using multi-colored wiring in order to avoid mistakes when connecting all elements of the protective system.
• Control elements for an electromechanical lock, calling panel, handset or monitor for a video intercom.

It is not for nothing that we consider not only the details of the locking device itself, but also its control elements. Because installing only an electromechanical lock without connecting it to the network and auxiliary devices means doing all the work in vain. In addition to parts and components, we will also need tools. It is also quite difficult to identify a complete list of them, so we will focus on typical ones.

1. Soldering iron, solder, side cutters, pliers.
2. A set of various screwdrivers.
3. Set of needle files and files.
4. Drill with drills for metal with a diameter of 1.5 to 15 mm. If you work with printed circuit board and parts, then thinner drills will be required.
5. Instruments for measuring voltage.

The process of self-manufacturing an electromechanical lock

To manufacture an electromechanical lock, we begin with the control unit. In this case, you need to either purchase a ready-made board for the control unit with the necessary parameters, or make it yourself according to the attached diagram (Figure 1).

We solder the necessary radio components to a specially prepared printed circuit board and put it aside for now. Now let's start making the lock body. Let us note right away that it is better to make the case in such a way that it fits both the control unit and mechanical part lock, except in cases where the locking device is planned to be used outdoors.

The case is best made of metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The shape and size of the case will depend on the size of the components. Now you can proceed to installing the elements into the housing according to the diagram (Fig. 2). We will briefly describe the procedure for carrying out the work.

To summarize, we note that it is quite possible to make an electromechanical lock yourself. However, this requires a certain skill, desire and ability to handle tools. It is best to use ready-made components for electromechanical locking devices supplied by their manufacturers. In this case your homemade device It will be a little more expensive, but there is a greater chance that it will be reliable and work stably. Have fun crafting!

To protect the house from unauthorized entry, locks are installed on the doors.

Classification of locking systems

According to the degree of protection and the opening mechanism, products can be divided into the following groups:

• constipations - hook, latch, etc.;
• locks – mechanical, electromechanical, electromagnetic.

A simple option for the unlocking method is constipation. They do not contain a secret locking mechanism and no keys are used to unlock them.

Of the locks that have a mechanism, the simplest option is mechanical devices. To open or close them, you need a key, which is inserted into the well and, depending on the design, either turned or moved back and forth. As a result, the mechanism is triggered and the door opens.

An electrical signal is used to control electromechanical and electromagnetic devices. They allow the use of a remote control to open the system remotely. It is possible to use fingerprint or palm print reading, voice control, etc.

Depending on the type of device mounting, there are:

• invoices,
• mortise,
• mounted

According to the type of locking mechanism, they are divided into lever and cylinder.

Locks can be purchased in specialized stores or at construction market, and do it on the door with your own hands. It is much more difficult to find a key for such a lock; it is assembled from high-quality elements, and only the developer knows the layout of the secret part.

Homemade latch lock

The operating principle is as follows: a bolt (like a furniture bolt) is installed in the door, which is turned using a hex key. The bolt passes through the entire thickness of the blade. On the back side of the sash there is a strip (latch), which is attached to the bolt. For this purpose, a flat flat is made at the end of the hardware. This is done using a needle file. The rake is placed on the flat. To prevent the steel plate from falling off the bolt, it is supported with a nut, which is screwed on one side and the other of the latch.

To lock the door, the latch must be in the striker.

Now, to open the door, insert a hex key into the head of the bolt and turn it. Simultaneously with the rotation of the bolt, the latch also turns.

Hidden mechanical device

The trick with this latch is that it is difficult to find the head of the unlocking bolt on the surface of the blade.

Do-it-yourself mechanical cunning constipation

You can make your own valve. Represents metal plate, which looks like in the figure.

A small hole (about 10 mm) is made in the sash. The key rod has a plate at the end that can rotate around its axis. When the key is inserted into the keyhole, the plate and the rod form a single straight line. A limiter is marked on the rod, and the key is inserted into the hole clearly along this limiter. Next, the plate lowers under its own weight and is fixed in one of the slots on the valve.

To prevent the rail from falling out when moving, a limiter or stopper is installed for it, made in the form of a stop and two supporting brackets. Thus, on the one hand, the movement of the rack is controlled by a stop - a limiter, on the other - it moves to the first bracket.

Such a system can only be opened by its own key, made for this mechanism, since it is impossible to determine from the outside the length of the plate attached to the rod.

Electromechanical door device

When the door is locked, the bolt, consisting of a rod and a head, enters the striker, and the spring associated with it is stretched or charged. The spring is connected to a coil or solenoid. When the power is turned off, the spring is released and the bolt is retracted into the lock.

Attention! If there is no electricity, the lock can be opened from the outside using a key, and the door can be opened from the inside using a special lever or button.

Electromagnetic device

To understand how to make a magnetic lock with your own hands, first consider its structure.

Device

The main element of the mechanism is an electromagnet, which is a core made of transformer steel in the shape of the letter W. This steel does not have a memory effect and is a soft magnetic material. The core is made from a large number of thin plates or is made from a single plate.

Around the core is a winding made of copper wire, coated with enamel. The coil has a large number (up to a thousand or more) turns. When an electric current passes through the winding, an electromagnetic field is created in the core, which controls the operation of the lock.

However, over time, the mechanical characteristics of the door weaken due to the effect of residual magnetization. To combat it, use the effect of changing the polarity of the voltage when demagnetizing the locking device. However, in this case, force must be applied to open the door.

Due to the absence of moving parts, the device has long term operation.

Since low-alloy steel, which easily corrodes, is used for the manufacture of structural parts, they must be protected. For protection, varnishing, galvanizing or nickel plating is used.

The main parameter of the mechanism is the door holding force. To increase the force that is used to hold the door, it is possible to install several locks. This value depends on the material from which the core and armature are made, the current strength and the number of turns in the coil winding. Performed as overhead type.

Electromagnetic or electromechanical mechanisms are installed on fire doors, entrance structures in hallways, etc.

Types of electromagnetic devices

Depending on the operation of the anchor, structures are divided into holding and shearing. In retaining models, the anchor acts on separation, and in shear models, it moves in the transverse direction.

For holding-type devices, when voltage is applied, the resulting magnetic field in the armature-core circuit keeps the sash from opening.

For shear-type devices, the armature has holes, and the core has protrusions for these holes. When voltage is applied, the armature is brought to the core and attracted to it. In this case, the protrusions of the magnetic circuit fit into the corresponding grooves of the armature. In this case, the holding force is characterized by the force that must be applied to shift the anchor, and design features protrusions and holes.

Shift structures are installed using an insert into the end of the leaf and, thanks to this, this type allows you to install a secret magnetic deadbolt on the front door.

Assembling a simple electromagnetic lock with your own hands

Let's consider one of the options for assembling the mechanism.

To assemble an electromagnetic lock that can be opened using a remote control, you need to:

• Push-button mortise panel.
• Power unit.
• Electromagnetic relays. If we are going to open it with a four-digit code, then we use at least 5 relays.
• The castle itself.
• Button for opening the door from the inside.
• Reed switch and electromagnet.

A keypad, for example, model KBD-10B, can be purchased on the market.

Thus, you can assemble any type of lock with your own hands. And it is important not only to build and beautifully decorate a house or garage, but also to protect it from unwanted visitors with a reliable lock.