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The wood crusher will become a reliable assistant when processing various wood waste. Its use will make it possible to process wood residues into wood chips, which can then be used to make fuel pellets and chipboard.

Tree chopper - design and operating principle of the unit

The crusher design consists of several important parts. The machine contains:

• Support frame;
• Engine;
• The shaft on which the cutting elements are installed;
• A shell that protects the operator from fragments;
• Bunker for receiving wood.

Despite minimal amount parts, the firewood chopper is a fairly massive unit, so many models are additionally equipped with wheels to make it easier to transport the machine around the site. The motor of the unit is connected to the shaft using a chain or belt.

The principle of operation of a wood chipper is very similar to that of an ordinary electric meat grinder. When you turn on the device, the motor starts, which drives the shaft and cutter. The wood is placed in a receiving hopper and, passing deep into the structure, crumbles into small chips. Recycled wood is thrown outside or inside a special bin to receive recycled materials.

Classification of wood chippers

Each forest chipper belongs to a specific class of units. All household machines of this kind are divided according to their mechanism of action and type of motor. On modern market You can find the following types of units:

• Disc Wood Chipper – This machine is best suited for processing round tree trunks. As a result, the owner receives high-quality medium-sized chips, which are subsequently used to create plywood and chipboard;
• The drum chopper is a fairly large design, which is also used for processing round trunks. As a result, the chips are larger and therefore not suitable for the manufacture of building materials;
• Hammer crusher - used for processing wood chips obtained after grinding in machines of the first two types. Subsequently, the finished product is used in the manufacture of high-quality fiberboard;
• Shredder-shredder – used for processing wood with nails and screws. The result is low quality chips.

The machines are also divided among themselves according to the type of motor. On sale you can find a wood shredder into sawdust that runs on gasoline or is powered by electricity. The first option is well suited for processing coarse waste. The second type can be taken to the dacha for chopping small branches and twigs.

Shredder of bushes and trees - features of choosing a unit

When purchasing a wood chipper, you should carefully examine the range of important criteria. They will give you the opportunity to choose a machine that is ideal for specific tasks.

When choosing a unit you should consider:

• Problems that the device should solve - when buying a machine, decide what raw materials it will process. A mini wood chipper is suitable for processing small branches and twigs, but for larger wood it is worth purchasing a firewood chopper;
• Type of fuel used - you need to determine which fuel will be less expensive for you. Based on this, you can choose a model that runs on gasoline or from the electrical network;
• Motor power – the engine of the unit is designed for a certain load. If it is exceeded, the shredder may break. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly calculate the volume and duration of work.

Experts often advise paying attention to the country of origin of the car. Aggregates Russian production, as a rule, are cheaper than their imported counterparts, but are almost as good in quality and reliability.

Wood chipper in Tyrsa - how to make it yourself?

Anyone who has experience in working with a lathe and electrical equipment. To operate, you will need to purchase a motor with a power of at least 3 kW, sheet steel for making the body, knives and fasteners.
It is extremely important to familiarize yourself with the drawings before work. They will help prevent unwanted mistakes and get the job done faster.

Be sure to ensure that the knives used are correctly positioned on the shaft and are sharpened well. It is best to use a 2-shaft design, in which the knives are mounted on shafts connected to each other by metal plates. The further work algorithm is as follows:

1. Divide the profile pipe into 4 sections, two of which are 80 cm long, and the other two are 40 cm long;
2. Connect these segments together in the form of a rectangle. Attach wheel stands to the bottom surface;
3. Make a receiving hopper by connecting 4 metal plates by welding. Unscrew the top and bottom edges by 5 cm, so that the top goes inside and the bottom goes outside the structure;
4. Install the grinding drum by screwing or welding it to the body;
5. Install the motor and route the belt to the gears on the shafts;
6. Next, install a hopper on the device to receive recycled wood.

This kind of wood chipper can last quite a long time. You can use it to process branches, twigs, small and medium-sized wooden beams.

Pellets and briquettes, the raw materials for the production of which must first be crushed, are gaining great popularity today. For these purposes, wood crushers, wood shredders, chippers, wood chippers and shredders are used. All these devices perform various jobs, process timber in different ways. In this article we will talk about the design and operating principle of the most popular devices.

Shredders are necessary to process medium-sized wood waste. Various devices can handle processing of both wood chips and logs up to 10 cm in diameter. Shredders are:

• standard. Such devices can process logs and slabs up to 1 meter in length
• universal shredders cope with the processing of small bars and wood chips.

Wood crushers are the most popular among wood chippers. Wood crushing is possible using hammer-type crushers. Ideal material for such devices are chips with dimensions up to 6 cm in diameter and a humidity level from 5 to 20%. The chips are fed to hammers and crushed. The size of the final product depends on the cross-section of the holes in the sieve used. In order to make briquettes and pellets, the ideal raw material is material 2-3 mm in diameter. There are electric and diesel crushers.

In addition, there are mobile and stationary devices. Stationary ones are equipped with a special drive from an electric motor. They are used for processing any waste from the furniture and plywood industries. Mobile devices are equipped with a personal power unit. They are often used by employees of the forest processing industry to shred timber, as well as by representatives of public utilities to shred waste during spring or autumn pruning branches.

For household use Mobile crushers are most often used. They are light in weight and small in size, making them easy to move around the site. They can have diesel or gasoline engines, which is very convenient because there is no dependence on the electrical network and the presence of a certain voltage in it.

Timber, in most models, is loaded by hand. Only a few models are equipped with a hydraulic feeding system, which itself draws the branches into the neck. The power of such devices often reaches 22 m3 per hour.

Stationary mechanisms are characterized by significant weight and large dimensions. They are used in large industrial workshops. They are placed on special sites, next to which there is a power line. Raw materials enter such devices using a special conveyor - a moving belt. The weight of the entire device reaches from 1 to 2 tons, and the productivity is above 20 m3 per hour.

The main advantages of shredders include:

• These are high-quality and versatile devices
• they are quite powerful. Regardless of the brand, you can dispose of branches with a diameter of up to 46 cm
• waste-free production. Absolutely all crushed products can be used as fuel material, or as soil drainage
• affordable price
• versatility and reliability.

Crusher selection criteria:

• type of construction
• type of power unit
• maximum and minimum size raw materials for further processing
• total engine power.

According to the level of grinding there are:

• devices for fine crushing
• devices for medium crushing
• devices for coarse crushing.

In addition, crushers differ in the type of crushing mechanism:

• cheek
• conical
• roller
• hammer Here, grinding is carried out using the impact of special hammers, which are hingedly attached to a rotating rotor. In addition, additional grinding occurs when the material hits the body plates. Such devices can be used to grind fibrous soft materials
• rotary. They are based on a rotating rotor or drum equipped with knives. The knife drum is created in the shape of a cylinder or truncated cones put together. They allow manual and forced supply of raw materials
• rod-shaped

Chippers or wood chippers

Such devices are designed for processing large wood waste, for example, bars and logs with a cross-section of up to 300 mm. Most often, high-power chippers are produced with a drum mechanism. The raw materials are supplied to a rotating drum with fixed knives, with the help of which chips are cut off from the logs. Such devices are characterized by high productivity and are used in large industries. Besides this, there are no large sizes chippers with circular knives. Such devices are very similar to a wood chipper, but do not contain hammers. In such a device, the raw materials are chopped with knives on a disk, but the chips are not crushed, as in crushers. They are used in small industries.

Shredders

Shredders are used not only for chopping timber, but also for shredding plastic, rubber and other raw materials. The main advantage of shredders is the fact that they are capable of shredding timber with impurities, even metal. This is very convenient, for example, when processing wooden pallets together with nails or waste from scrap wooden houses.

There are:

• Twin-shaft shredders handle large volumes of wood waste. The resulting shredded wood is chips and small split pieces of timber. This is an ideal raw material for subsequent processing in a crusher
• single shaft shredders. Using such devices, you can grind small waste, such as bars. The performance of such devices is low.

On the Stankoff.RU website you can buy equipment for processing wood waste from leading manufacturers. There are more than 46 models of crushing equipment in stock and on order according to best prices. Only profitable offer With detailed descriptions and photo. Check prices with managers.

Purpose and advantages of wood grinding equipment

The problem with the disposal of substandard material exists at all logging and wood processing enterprises. Equipment for grinding wood allows you to solve the issue of clearing the territory from industrial waste and increase profitability by obtaining additional profit from the sale of recycled products.

When working with any type of wood, waste is generated in the form of branches, slats, slabs and trimmings various shapes obtained during the manufacture of lumber. Garbage removal is a costly and time-consuming procedure, the alternative to which is practical way use of crushing equipment. The machines crush substandard materials into chips or sawdust of the required fraction, providing raw materials for sale or own production:

• particle boards, plywood, fiberboard, wood concrete;
• fuel briquettes and pellets;
• pulp, paper and cardboard products.

Fine chips and sawdust in agriculture used as bedding for livestock, to protect plants and fertilize the soil. Shredded wood has good filtration ability and provides high-quality biochemical purification of water from insoluble compounds. Larger waste is required for the operation of boiler houses, pyrolysis furnaces and gas generators.

Operating principle and classification of devices

Depending on the technological features wood processing equipment crushes the material with disc-shaped knives, a drum organ, a hammer device or a mechanism for producing chips. The cutters are driven by a motor powered by electricity or liquid fuel. The design provides a special tank for collecting wood chips or sawdust. The division into professional and semi-professional category devices is based on technical characteristics, which determine the capabilities of the machine in material processing different sizes.

The classification of installations is made:

• by type of working body;
• method of loading raw materials;
• geometric parameters of the processed material;
• power level and maintenance complexity.

For the disposal of waste with medium-sized parts, drum devices are usually used, and processing of large wood residues is carried out on machines with a disk organ. The hammer mill and the flaker are well suited for producing material of a certain shape, which in the first case has a rectangular outline, and in the second it is a needle-shaped flake. The advantages of shredders include the ability to process waste containing metal inclusions into a homogeneous mass.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: After sawing fruit trees or construction, a lot of unnecessary branches, boards and lumber remain. A wood chipper was invented especially for such cases. A new device is quite expensive, but, fortunately, making a wood chipper with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

Each owner of his own plot, be it Vacation home or small dacha With a vegetable garden, it is known that maintaining order in it is sometimes very difficult. The problem of waste disposal in the private sector is especially acute, and if organic matter can be stored in compost pit, and take plastic and bottles to a landfill, then what about the abundance of wood debris? After trimming fruit trees or construction, a lot of unnecessary branches, boards and lumber remain. There is no point in leaving them for firewood, and burning them is very long and troublesome. A wood chipper was invented especially for such cases. A new device is quite expensive, but, fortunately, making a wood chipper with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

Purpose and principle of operation

The wood chipper will become an indispensable assistant for any summer resident. With it, you no longer need to make fires to burn sawed-off tree branches or think about where to dispose of waste after harvesting - stems, tops, roots, etc. The machine will process any organic solid waste into chips and shavings, which will subsequently serve as an excellent material for high-quality compost or fuel for solid fuel boilers. So, in one fell swoop you will solve several problems: waste disposal, saving space and time, get an endless source of material for fertilizers and a supply of fuel for the winter.

Whatever one may say, a wood chipper is very useful in the household, but factory-made mechanisms are prohibitively expensive, so we suggest saving money and making it yourself. The most encouraging thing is that there is no need to “reinvent the wheel” - you just need to correctly replicate the design of the factory device using available parts.

But before starting work, it is necessary to thoroughly study and understand the principle of operation of the machine. Otherwise you won't be able to do it correct drawing and make it a reality. The structure of the shredder is incredibly simple - it is an engine, a shaft with cutting elements, a frame, a protective shell and a receiving compartment through which the material gets inside. Since such a unit will be quite heavy, it is better to install it on a two-wheeled base in order to easily move it around the site.

The operating principle of the device is as follows: the motor rotates and moves the shaft through a chain or belt. When you push branches or plant stems into the receiving box, the cutting elements chop them into small pieces that come out the other side of the device. Very similar to a regular kitchen meat grinder.

Shredder device

Before choosing a design and purchasing the components of a future shredder, you need to decide on its purpose, that is, what exactly (or most often) it will shred – thick branches of fruit trees, small boards or plant remains after harvesting. The power of the device, the type of its operation and, accordingly, the cost of the necessary parts depend on this.

Shredder motor

Garden shredders can be powered by either gasoline or electric motors. Each of them has its own features of use. For example, with a gasoline engine you can process large thick branches, and it is also valued for its mobility. A device with an electric motor, on the contrary, must always be close to the power source, but it takes up much less space than gasoline. It is lightweight and easy to use, but will not cope with very large objects due to its low power.

What you should pay attention to when choosing a motor for a garden shredder:

• power up to 1.5 kW is enough to grind branches up to 2 cm thick;
• more powerful motors of 3-4 kW are capable of processing branches with a diameter of about 4 cm and are suitable for gardeners;
• a motor of 6 kW or more will cope with thick branches of 10-15 cm, and they are recommended to be chosen by owners of large farms and farms.

Since a homemade chopper in most cases is designed for various works, for it it is better to choose the “golden mean” - an electric motor of 4 kW or a gasoline equivalent with a capacity of 5-6 horsepower.

Chopper knives

Second important detail chopper - cutting elements or knives. The type and operating principle of the mechanism, as well as the dimensions of the processed material, depend on their design. So, a simple disk with knives will grind only fragile branches into dust, combined structures can process thick branches and produce the same small shavings, there are also those that grind wood into chips 2-10 cm long. If you plan to use recycled material for solid fuel boilers, it is better to choose the latter option.

Since our goal is to copy one of the factory models of the chopper, let's look at the knives used to produce them:

Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to make the described knife models on your own, so for homemade devices their own cutting elements were invented: a knife-disk design, a set of circular saws and a two-shaft system with 8 knives.

Shredder drawing

To make a wood chipper, it is not enough just to buy the necessary spare parts, you must have professional metalworking skills. The whole process takes place in three stages - creating a drawing, preparing materials and assembling the apparatus.

Since we are not going to invent anything new, we can take any suitable model chopper, and add the rest at your discretion. To create a drawing, you can use a special computer program AutoCAD.

We described the main components of the mechanism above, but this is only general form. The most important thing to pay attention to when creating a drawing is the location of the knives and the angle of their cut. Let's consider the development of a shredder design with a two-shaft cutting element.

So, the shafts will be between the plates, and each shaft will contain 3-4 knives. To fasten the cutting elements, it is better to use bolts, moving them relative to the central part of the shaft. The shaft rotates freely thanks to 4 bearings, which are mounted on plates. The synchronization of the movement of the shafts is ensured by 2 gears, which are driven by the motor. To transmit torque, use a belt or chain of your choice. Depending on the size of the knives and the diameter of the raw material that you are going to grind, vary the gap between the shafts.

If you are using a 4 kW electric motor, its speed is 2500-2800 rpm. This indicator is good for a disk mechanism designed for thin branches and stems of plants. The two-shaft mechanism must be powerful, so the speed must be reduced.

The images below show drawings of a wood chipper with 2 shafts, each with 3 knives:

The disc model looks much simpler, mainly due to the simple design of the knives.

The drawing can show the diameter of the disc, the number of knives and their location. The more knives, the smaller the output raw material will be. The disk can be positioned vertically or at an angle.

A pin with circular saw blades is attached to the frame. Often in similar devices They use a belt for drive, so two pulleys should be made on the shaft and stud.

Most of the materials needed to assemble a chopper can be purchased at a car market, agricultural equipment store, or hardware store, but some parts will have to be ordered or made yourself. To do this, you need to be able to work with a grinder and a welding machine.

Twin shaft shredder

The work on creating a twin-shaft shredder consists of the following phases - assembling the frame and receiving compartment, creating a chopping drum with knives, installing the drum and engine.

Necessary materials:

• engine;
• plate 10 mm – 2 pcs;
• gear – 2 pcs;
• pulley - 1 piece;
• shaft for knives – 2 pcs;
• bearings with fasteners – 5 pcs;
• knives;
• profile pipe;
• sheet metal(thickness 2 mm).

The first step is to make the frame. To do this, cut 4 parts from the profile pipe: 2 – 40 cm, 2 – 80 cm. Welding machine fix the short parts between the long ones at right angles to form a frame. The distance between the two inner cross members must be such that the chopping drum can fit between them.

So that the chopper can be moved later, wheels must be attached to it. To do this, fix 2 racks on the frame, which will then hold the axle and wheels.

Mechanism assembly:

1. When the frame is ready, you can assemble the grinding drum. To make a shaft, take a square blank for 4 knives or a round one for 3.
2. For a square piece, grind the ends, making them round, so that they fit into the bearings. If you are using round blank, sharpen it central part, making 3 flat cuts to install the knives.
   
3. The knives themselves can easily be made from Kamaz springs. Cut the required piece of spring, align it if necessary, heating it in a forge and hitting it with a hammer several times. Re-harden the part and let it cool.
4. Make holes in the knives for the bolts.
5. Sharpen the knives on the machine, choosing a cutting edge angle of 35-45°.
   
6. Attach the blades to the shaft and mark the attachment points. Drill holes at the marked points and make threads in them.
7. To make a chopping drum, take two plates - these will be the walls. Use a welding machine to cut holes for the bearings and sand the edges. If it is not possible to do this step yourself, you can contact a locksmith workshop or enterprise.
8. Install the bearings inside.
   
9. Attach the covers to the metal walls with bolts.
10. Insert the shafts into the bearings and secure them.
11. Connect the walls with threaded metal studs and secure them with nuts.
12. All that remains is to make a receiving compartment through which the wood will get inside. To do this, take sheet metal and make 4 identical blanks in the form of a parallelepiped.
13. Find the narrowest side of each piece, step back 5 cm from it and fold the edge.
14. Bend the remaining three blanks in the opposite direction.
15. Assemble the box and make sure that the pieces fit snugly together.
16. Connect the edges by welding or self-tightening rivets.
17. At the base, on the bent sides, drill places for fastenings.

Assembling a wood chipper in the video below will help you more fullyIt’s easy to imagine how the whole process goes:

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Disc chopper

Unlike a twin-shaft shredder, a disc shredder requires much less parts, time and effort to assemble.

Necessary materials:

• motor;
• knives;
• profile pipe;
• a metal sheet to create a disk;
• sheet metal 2 mm thick for the protective shell and receiving compartment.

This small amount of detail is explained low power apparatus. If a twin-shaft mechanism can grind thick branches up to 10 cm in diameter into chips, this one can handle a maximum of 2 cm. Knives can be made as described in the instructions above.

Progress:

As you can see, it’s nothing complicated, the main thing is to get all the necessary parts. A homemade wood chipper with two shafts has great power and is designed for processing large branches. The size of the chips can be controlled from 2 cm to 8 cm depending on the number of knives per shaft. published

After pruning shrubs and trees each season, many branches remain that have to be burned or stored in compost heap and wait a long time for them to rot. A wood chipper will allow you to get rid of unsightly piles of branches of different sizes and speed up the process of creating compost suitable for feeding cultivated plants. Homemade garden shredder also suitable for grinding large weeds, sunflower stems and other plant waste.

A wood chipper will be useful for those who heat their home, cottage or garage solid fuel. This installation makes it possible to prepare raw materials from wood waste for further transformation into pellets for heating.

Do-it-yourself garden shredder: choosing a design

A homemade branch chopper consists of the following main elements:

• motor (electric, gasoline);
• working shaft with cutting element;
• support frame;
• protective casing;
• receiving box;
• bunker for crushed plant waste.

Note! For ease of movement, the wood chipper can be mounted on a wheeled frame.

The branch chopper works according to to the following principle: plant waste in the form of grass and branches is fed into the receiving shaft; they are ground by knives attached to the working shaft. The motor can be located directly on the shaft or connected to it by a belt drive.

When planning to make a wind chopper, it is important to choose the right motor. Homemade crusher equipped with a 5-6 hp gasoline engine. pp., will cope with branches of any thickness.

The electric motor is selected according to power depending on the tasks:

• a motor up to 1.5 kW can be equipped with a chopper for grass and thin branches;
• a 3-4 kW motor is suitable for equipping a wood chipper; a veterinary chopper equipped with such a motor will be able to grind branches with a diameter of up to 4 cm;
• An electric motor with a power of over 6 kW will make it possible to make a productive wood chipper with your own hands, and use a veterinary chopper to process branches with a diameter of up to 15 cm.

The purpose of the installation also influences the choice of the cutting part of the structure:

• The chopper of thin branches and grass is equipped with knives placed crosswise on the shaft, made of sharpened plates of carbide material;
• A milling-type branch crusher is equipped with a cutter with large teeth; it can handle branches up to 3 cm thick, but the wood must be dry. Such a wind chopper requires low motor power and high torque, so the design must include a reduction gearbox.
• The wind cutter for branches of various thicknesses and thin trunks is equipped with a disk knife - slots are made in a steel disk with a thickness of 6 mm, and a durable sharpened blade is attached to one edge of each cut.
• A wood chipper, which allows you to crush branches and woodworking waste into small dust, is made on the basis of a package of wood circular saws with large teeth made of carbide material.

Important! A crusher for grinding any wood, made on the basis of a package of circular saws, can be used as part of a homemade pellet production line.

How to make a crusher yourself? First of all, you need to decide what kind of crusher you need: for branches or for wood chips. Based on this, the design and power of the motor are selected.

Detailed drawings can be found on specialized Internet resources - many people who want to save money on purchasing useful but expensive equipment make their own garden shredder. Below we offer one of the most popular drawing options.

Chip crusher made from circular saws: manufacturing principle

This machine has a simple design; such a crusher can be installed quickly with your own hands and does not require large financial investments. Assembly work is carried out using an angle grinder, wrenches, welding machine.

Materials:

• electric (from 4 kW) or gasoline (5-6 hp) engine;
• at least 15 circular saws with a diameter of 18 cm (the width of the working part depends on the number of saws);
• M20 pin or similar;
• bearings (2 pcs) and fastenings to them;
• pulleys (2 pcs);
• washers (2 more than the number of saws) made of metal 5 mm thick;
• metal profile for mounting the support frame;
• sheet metal (2 mm thick) to make a protective casing and a receiving hopper.

The wood chipper is mounted as follows:

• From rectangular profile pipes the frame is welded;
• On threaded rod The saws are put on alternately with washers so that the teeth do not interlock with each other during operation.

Note! The discs are installed with a slight shift along the rotational movement so that the teeth do not line up in one row. In this case, the device works more efficiently and is less clogged with wood chips.

• On both sides of the saw package, a nut is screwed on close to the outer washers;
• Fasteners must be welded to the internal cross members of the frame to install bearings;
• The bearings are secured to a pin on different sides of the saw package, then the entire structure is mounted on the frame;
• On long end a gear or pulley is installed on the shaft, a retaining ring is used for fixation;
• The engine is mounted on the frame and connected to a pulley on a stud with a belt or drive chain:
• A protective casing is mounted, and a receiving hopper in the form of a bell is attached. The length of the hopper must provide protection from accidental contact of hands with the working part of the installation.

Made on our own A garden branch shredder will allow you to quickly get rid of wood debris, turning it into raw materials for compost or fuel. This DIY wood chipping device must be cleaned after use, removing any wood chips stuck between the saws.

Homemade shredders - economical effective solution problems of recycling plant waste in the garden plot.

Video instructions will help you learn in detail how to make a branch chopper.